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WorksheetsCHAPTER 4 REVIEW
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 49mins
Year after year, Xavier raises a vegetable garden in the same plot of soil. He observes that the plants grow less abundantly from one year to the next, and they produce fewer vegetables. Which of these measurements could help explain Xavier's observations?
the rate at which soil bacteria perform photosynthesis
the rate at which soil bacteria perform denitrification
the rate at which soil bacteria perform nitrogen fixation
the rate at which soil bacteria perform chemosynthesis
Autotrophs can be classified into two groups according to which of these properties?
energy source, either sunlight or chemicals
food type, either plant matter or animal matter
food quality, either living matter or dead matter
water quality, either fresh water or salt water
Rabbits are members of a community in a meadow. The rabbits eat grasses, clover, as well as roots, seeds, and tree bark. What describes the organisms that share the same trophic level as the rabbits?
snakes, hawks, and other animals that eat rabbits
community members that interact with rabbits
meadow animals that are about the same size as a rabbit
meadow animals that eat plants and plant products
The diagram shows a model feeding relationship in an ecosystem. What is shown by the arrows that lead to and from the raccoon?
The raccoon is part of several food chains, but not a food web.
The raccoon is part of several food chains and several food webs.
The raccoon is part of one food web, but no food chains.
The raccoon is part of one food web and several overlapping food chains.
Laney is asked to research an organism that performs denitrification. Which strategy is the most likely to be successful?
Look for phytoplankton that perform photosynthesis.
Look for ocean-dwelling organisms that perform chemosynthesis.
Look for soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates.
Look for soil bacteria that convert nitrates to nitrogen gas.
Which statement describes all primary producers?
All harness the energy of sunlight through the process of photosynthesis.
All take in energy to assemble energy-rich compounds.
All are small, single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and algae.
All take in food and break it apart to release energy.
Karen is classifying a group of organisms that are either primary producers or consumers. What is the direct source of energy for all of the consumers?
either producers or other consumers
producers only
nonliving sources, such as sunlight
other consumers only
Which of the following BEST describes the flow of energy through a food chain?
Energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in either direction.
Energy flows from consumers to primary producers, in one direction only.
Energy flows from primary producers to consumers, in one direction only.
Energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in an endless cycle.
The diagram shows a model of an ecosystem.
What does the model represent?
the total biomass in each trophic level
the total amount of energy in the ecosystem
the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level
the conservation of energy as energy transfers between organisms
A pyramid of biomass is one way to model an ecosystem. How does the amount of biomass generally change from the bottom of the pyramid to the top?
The amount of biomass decreases.
The amount of biomass increases.
The amount of biomass varies only slightly, and may increase or decrease.
The amount of biomass varies widely, and both increases and decreases.
How does water transfer when it evaporates from the ocean?
from the hydrosphere to the geosphere
completely within the hydrosphere
from the hydrosphere to the atmosphere
from the biosphere to the hydrosphere
A student is creating a model to track the cycling of carbon atoms in an ecosystem. Photosynthesis should be included in the model because it completes which activity?
converts carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
removes oxygen from the atmosphere
breaks apart carbohydrate molecules and releases carbon dioxide
breaks apart carbohydrate molecules by combining them with oxygen
The diagram is a pyramid of biomass for a meadow ecosystem. The triangular shape of the diagram is useful for explaining which relationship among the trophic levels?
The amount of available biomass is equal at all trophic levels in this ecosystem.
Third-level consumers in this ecosystem have the greatest amount of biomass.
With each step to a higher trophic level in this ecosystem, the amount of biomass increases.
The amount of biomass decreases from one trophic level to the next.
If the primary producers produce 50,000 energy units, about how much of this energy is available to the secondary consumers?
50 energy units
500 energy units
1000 energy units
5000 energy units
The diagram shows an example of a food chain in a pond ecosystem. The first organisms in the food chain are algae, shown at the bottom of the diagram.
Each arrow in the diagram represents a transfer of energy. To represent all of the energy in the food chain, which modification to the arrows, if any, would be most useful?
Add arrows from the environment to each organism, to show how the organisms gain energy from nonliving sources.
Add arrows to connect all other pairs of organisms, to show all possible feeding relationships.
Add arrows pointing in the opposite direction, such as from the fish to the snail, to show two-way energy flow.
Add arrows from each organism to its environment, to show the energy lost as heat.
A group of students is developing models of the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle. How should cellular respiration be included in these models?
Cellular respiration should be included in both cycles because all organisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, perform cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration should be included in both cycles because it involves compounds of carbon and nitrogen combining with oxygen to release energy.
Cellular respiration should be included in the carbon cycle only because the process transfers carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere.
Cellular respiration should be included in the nitrogen cycle only because cellular respiration converts nitrogen in the atmosphere to a form that living things can use.
A group of students is developing models of the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle. In one of the models, an arrow points from the atmosphere to the leaves of a grove of trees. Which model includes the arrow, and how is it labeled?
The arrow is included in the carbon cycle model, and should be labeled "Photosynthesis" because this process takes up carbon dioxide.
The arrow is included in the carbon cycle model, and should be labeled "Cellular respiration" because this process takes up carbon dioxide.
The arrow is included in the nitrogen cycle model, and should be labeled "Nitrogen fixation" because this process takes up nitrogen from the atmosphere.
The arrow is included in the nitrogen cycle model, and should be labeled "Denitrification" because this process takes up nitrogen from the atmosphere.
The graph shows the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.
How have human activities contributed to the trend in the data shown in the graph?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained steady because natural processes have balanced out human activities.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the increasing human population exhales a greater volume of carbon dioxide.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the burning of fossil fuels releases heat, which causes carbon dioxide to evaporate.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the burning of fossil fuels releases carbon that otherwise would remain in the geosphere.
The carbon cycle involves a variety of processes that move and convert carbon between Earth systems. The diagram summarizes the main processes of the carbon cycle.
What best describes the role of human activities in the carbon cycle?
Human activities have little if any effect on the carbon cycle.
Human activities affect only one event of the carbon cycle, which is the burning of fossil fuels.
Human activities affect many events of the carbon cycle, including the burning of fossil fuels, but do not affect all events.
Human activities affect or alter all events of the carbon cycle.
Which of the following is modeled in the diagram?
The role of photosynthesis in breaking apart carbohydrates for their energy
The role of photosynthesis in adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
The role of photosynthesis in transferring carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere
The role of photosynthesis in transferring carbon dioxide from the hydrosphere to the biosphere
