The ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact.

Type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be “pulled” from memory with very few external cues.

A stimulus for remembering.

Strategies and memory “tricks” to help us remember information more effectively.

Tendency of information at the beginnings and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information.

Tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information at the end of a body of information better than the information at the beginning of it.

Tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information better than the information that follows.

Type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it.

The tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that one could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event.

The tendency of misleading information presented after an event to alter the memories of the event itself.

Referring to the retrieval of memories in which those memories are altered, revised, or influenced by newer information.

A graph showing a distinct pattern in which forgetting is very fast within the first hour after learning a list then tapers off gradually.

Loss of memory due to the passage of time, during which the memory trace is not used.

Failure to process information into memory.

Physical change in the brain that occurs when a memory is formed.

Loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories.

Loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backward, or loss of memory for the past.