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Worksheetsimmune exam 2 practice Q's
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 27mins
Which of the following types of bonds would be LEAST likely in a receptor-ligand interaction?
ionic bond
covalent bond
hydrogen bond
hydrophobic interaction
all of the answers are equally likely
Receptors that are multivalent tend to bind to their ligands more strongly than receptors with a single binding site. What is the term used to describe this phenomenon?
avidity
valency
affinity
magnetism
none of the answers are correct
Antibodies consist of
two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains
an alpha chain, a beta chain, a gamma chain, and a lambda chain
Which of the following isotypes of antibodies is the largest?
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgD
An antibody's idiotype refers to
the kind of Fc region it contains
the sequence of its CDR
Ii's allelic form
whether it is membrane bound or secreted
which accessory molecules associate with it
CD4 binds to
TCR alpha
TCR beta
MHC class I
MHC class II
CD8
Which of the following types of bonds would be LEAST likely in a receptor-ligand interaction?
ionic bond
covalent bond
hydrogen bond
hydrophobic interaction
Which of the provided disassociation constants is MOST likely to be observed from an antibody binding an antigen during an immune response involving memory B cells?
10-3M
10-5M
10-2M
10-10M
Which transcription factor becomes translocated to the nucleus downstream of calmodulin activation?
NF-κ B
NFAT
STAT1
STAT2
STAT3
Immunoglobulin domains consist of
a series of alpha helices bound together by hydrophobic interactions in their side chains
alpha helices alternating with parallel beta pleated sheets
antiparallel beta-pleated sheets folded and stabilized by hydrophobic interactions
compact, parallel beta sheets forming a barrel structure
Receptors that bind the constant regions of antibodies are known as
BCR
TCR
idiotype receptors
toll-like receptors
Fc receptors
CD4 binds to
TCRα
TCRβ
MHC class I
MHC class II
CD8
In the research laboratory, you observe that B cells, cytotoxic T cells and mast cells begin to proliferate when exposed to IL-4. In this case, this effect of IL-4 may be described as
synergy
antagonism
redundancy
pleiotropy
Il-17 family cytokines are typically involved in _________.
inflammation
T cell receptor interaction
B cell receptor interaction
immunosuppression
MHC molecules
are secreted by T cells and bind and neutralize antigen in the serum
are membrane-bound molecules found exclusively on T cells
bind repeating patterns found on pathogens
are recognized by T cells
are conserved between individuals
A mutation in which part of a viral protein might allow the virus to evade the adaptive immune response because of its MHC binding?
A TCR contact residue
A residue in the transmembrane domain of an envelope protein
A residue in the DNA-binding domain
An anchor residue
An amino acid on the surface of the virus
Of the classical MHC genes, which, could you argue, are LEAST related to antigen presentation?
MHC I genes
MHC II genes
MHC III genes
Both MHC I and II genes
none of the answers are correct
Of the cells listed below, predict which is LEAST likely to be presenting antigens by MHC II during an immune response to an extracellular pathogen.
dendritic cell
macrophage
B cells
intestinal epithelial cells
Peptide-binding diversity is increased by
multiple MHC alleles in the population, only
multiple homologous MHC genes in the genome only
both multiple MHC alleles in the population and multiple homologous MHC genes in the genome
none of the answers are correct
The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions of the genome. What does this mean?
it has the most different genes
there are many different alleles of these genes
sequence variability is low in this region
there are many introns in this region
this region is regulated by many different mechanisms
Which of the following BEST represents the relationship of polypeptide units in MHC class II?
alpha and beta chains from any gene can pair with each other
only alpha and beta chains from the same gene can pair with each other
only alpha and beta chains of the same allele can pair with each other
alpha chains can pair with other alpha chains, but beta chains can only pair with beta chains
Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with little diversity in the MHC. Which of the following would be a likely outcome of this?
they would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with high diversity in the TCR
they would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with high diversity in the BCR
they would rely only on innate immune responses
they would be at higher risk of infection
Place the class I processing pathway in the correct order:
proteins are digested by the proteasome> peptides are imported into the ER by TAP> peptides are loaded onto MHC class I> class I is exported to the cell surface
peptides exported from the ER by TAP> peptides are digested by the proteasome> peptides are loaded onto class I> class I is exported to the cell surface
Autografts will be rejected only rarely because of all but which of the following?
they are from the same individual
they are MHC matched
they do not trigger an immune response
they have TH17 cells
Kidney transplant infiltrates show both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This suggests that to reduce graft rejection
CD4+ T cells should be depleted
CD8+ T cells should be depleted
Both CD4+ and CD8+ cells should be depleted
inflammatory cells should be depleted
none of the answers are viable treatments
Although MHC matching is important for transplantation, ABO blood group matching is also critical because
ABO antigens are expressed on nervous tissue
ABO antigens are expressed on muscle cells
complement will cause rapid lysis of ABO mismatched cells
all of the answers are correct
none of the answers are correct
Allografts can be accepted without use of immunosuppressive drugs if
they lack alloantigens, such as cartilage
cells are grafted to a site that is immunologically privileged
tolerance has been induced previously, such as nonidentical twins
all of the answers are correct
none of the answers are correct
Transplantation or organs and tissues is challenging (even between relatives) for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
HLA alleles must be completely non overlapping
HLA alleles must be all or nearly matched
ABO blood groups must be matched
Immunosuppression is needed
all of the answers are correct
In transplantation, CsA, rapamycin, and FK506 are all used to
decrease the odds of rejection
inhibit the activation of resting T cells
improve the survival odds for the patient
all of the answers are correct
none of the answers are correct
Name that cell. I am a small, nonproliferating cell found within the thymus cortex and contain CD4 and CD8 on my cell surface.
DN thymocyte
DP thymocyte
Thymocyte
DN1 cell
What term BEST describes a selection process against those cells whose T-cell receptors bind too strongly to self-peptide/MHC combinations?
positive selection
negative selection
lineage commitment
hematopoietic commitment to the T cell lineage
none of the above is correct
Which stage of DN selection is characterized by rapid proliferation of thymocytes in the subcapsular cortex of the thymus and suppression of TCR rearrangement?
DN1
DN2
DN3
DN4
Which of the following molecules would double-negative T cells fail to express?
CD3
CD4
MHC class I
TAP
all of the answers are correct
Signaling through the pre-TCR occurs as a result of
binding to MHC class I
binding to MHC class II
binding to either MHC class I or MHC class II
successful assembly of the pre-TCR
expression of CD4
Signaling through the pre-TCR results in
maturation to the DN4 stage
suppression of TCR β-chain rearrangement
cessation of proliferation
TCR α-chain rearrangement
all of the answers are correct
Which of the following represents the earliest stage in T cell development?
DP
DN
SP-CD4
SP-CD8
mature T cell
What happens to auto reactive cells that escape the thymus?
they attack self-tissues
they can be rendered anergic
they negatively regulate other auto reactive cells
they require TCR ligation and co-stimulation to be activated
all of the answers are correct
How do self-antigens that are specific to tissues away from the thymus (like insulin or keratin for example) get in the thymus so that developing T cells that react to them can be deleted?
dendritic cells pick them up in the periphery and carry them to the thymus
specialized macrophages in the thymus filter the bloodstream and present antigens found there to developing T cells
a transcription factor, AIRE, is expressed in thymus medullary epithelial cells, which allows these cells to express proteins normally found in other tissues
they do not get to the thymus, all tissue-specific T cells are deleted in the periphery
there are special chaperone proteins that bind to peripheral proteins and carry them to the thymus
Thymocytes whose TCR preferentially interacts with MHC II generates a continuous signal that initiates which cell type to be generated?
CD8+ T cells
CD4+ T cells
SP thymocytes
DP thymocytes
Which transcription factor is characteristic of TREG cells?
AP-1
NFAT
NF-κ B
OCT-1
FoxP3
Which cell type is found in both B and T cell lineages?
CLP
common pro-B-T cells
immature B cell
naive lymphoid progenitor
pro-B-T cells
This type of cell will leave the bone marrow and complete maturation in the spleen
CLP cell
HSC
immature B cell
Pro-B cell
Pro-T cell
All of the following are true regarding B cell development except
B cells complete maturation in the spleen
B cells are mostly developed when they leave the bone marrow
B cells, like T cells, are MHC class restricted
self-reactive B cells may be eliminated through apoptosis
self-reactive B cells may be rendered unreactive (anergic)
V-DJ recombination occurs during which phase of a B cell's development?
activated B cell
mature B cell
naive B cell
Pro-B cell
immature B cell
Which of the following influence the development of B cells in the bone marrow?
changes in cells surface markers
changes in gene expression
BCR gene rearrangements
all of the answers influence B-cell development
Which molecule is required for a pre-pro-B cell to begin entering the pro-B cell stage?
IL-7
CXCL12
CD117
SCF
Immature B cells in the bone marrow that are found to bear self antigen reactive BCRs undergo which of the following?
Clonal deletion
light chain receptor editing
development of anergy
all of the answers are correct
none of the answers are correct
Which molecule listed below appears to play a critical role in trafficking B cells from the bone marrow to the spleen to complete cellular maturation?
SCF
S1P
IL-7
BIM
both SCF and S1P are correct
Individuals of retirement age or older show lower antibody mediated immune responses due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT
increased likelihood of autoimmune disorders
limited HSC production of pro-B cells
poor antibody response to vaccination
reduced memory B cell generation
smaller thymus
The CLP gives rise to all the following cell lines EXCEPT
DC
megakaryocytes
NK
pre-pro B cells
T-cell progenitor
Where can early lymphoid progenitor cells (ELPs) be found in humans?
blood stream
bone marrow
lymphatic tissue
thymus
both bone marrow and lymphatic tissue are correct
At what stage of development does a B cell begin to display an IgM receptor?
pre-pro B cell
pro-B
pre-B cell
immature B cell
Marginal-zone B cells express
IgD
IgG
IgM
IgE
both IgM and IgG are correct
Which type of mature B cell is MOST likely to respond to a protein antigen?
B-1 B cells
B-2 B cells
MZ B cells
B-2 B cells and MZ B cells
B-1 B cells, B-2 B cells, and MZ B cells
