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WorksheetsImmune exam 3 practice qs
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
Which of the following is required for T cell activation?
antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide
expression of CD4+ or CD8+
interaction with CD80, CD86, or ICOS-L
both antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide and expression of CD4+ or CD8+ are correct
both antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide and interaction with CD80, CD86, and ICOS-L are correct
Naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells leave the _________ and enter circulation
bone marrow
liver
lymph node
spleen
thymus
CD4+ T cells become helper T cells in response to
exposure to antigen
exposure to MHC class II peptide
exposure to any MHC peptide
exposure to MZ B cells
exposure to TNF-β
CTLA-4 is a costimulatory response on T cells that belongs to the same family as the CD28 costimulatory receptor. However, CTLA-4 is antagonistic to CD28. Which of the following would be a functional advantage of CTLA-4 expression within the immune response?
CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for ligand binding so that, if CD28 binds to its ligand, the response will be magnified.
CTLA-4 is often given to immunosuppressed individuals to trigger an immune response.
CTLA-4 limits the immune response of Tc cells and Th cells after an infection has been cleared
CTLA-4 limits TC activity in healthy individuals during a viral infection.
CTLA-4 reduces the lag time between antigen presentation to a TH cell and B-cell activation.
PD-1 is a negative costimulatory signal expressed by tumor cells. What advantage would the expression of PD-1 have in a tumor cell avoiding the immune response?
tumor cells can avoid being killed by activated Tc cells
Tumor cells can avoid apoptosis triggered by TH cells.
Tumor cells avoid phagocytosis by dendritic cells.
Tumor cells are stimulated to reproduce faster than tumor cells that do not express PD-1.
None. Tumor cells are recognized as self and, therefore, do not pose a health threat.
T cells are frequently at fault for causing damage in autoimmune disorders and in transplant rejection. As an immunologist, your dream is to discover a method for decreasing T-cell response to self antigens. Which of the following would be the BEST target for your research?
activated B cells because they make T-cell receptor molecules
antibody mediated apoptosis of dendritic cells
CTLA-4 antagonists that block the action of CTLA-4
ligands that block the binding of one costimulatory molecule
radiation therapy directed at all T cells
Which type of professional antigen presenting cells is a naive T cell most likely to encounter?
B cell
DC
macrophage
either B cell or DC
either DC or macrophage
Which helper T cell subset is MOST likely to be preferentially generated in response to a virus?
TH17
TH1
Treg
TH2
Which type of T helper cell regulates allergic reactions?
TH1
TH2
TH17
Treg
Tfh
Costimulatory signals are required to achieve optimal T cell activation (via exposure to antigen) and are considered part of which of the three steps essential to this process?
signal 1
signal 2
signal 3
both signal 1 and signal 2
both signal 2 and signal 3
Which cells are capable of providing both signal 1 and signal 2 to a naive T cell?
DC
macrophage
B cells
all of the answers are correct
TH17 cells are involved with all of the following EXCEPT
autoimmunity
delayed-type hypersensitivity
inflammatory response
protection against fungal infections
protection against bacterial infections
Follicular helper T cells are a recent discovery in the helper T cell lineage. What is the primary role of TFH cells?
to help B cell development in germinal centers
to regulate Treg cell activity
to stimulate DC production
to suppress B cell activation after pathogen has been cleared
to suppress Tc cells after an infection has been cleared
What is the function of a memory T cell?
to activate Tc and TH cells during an active primary infection
to avoid autoimmune disorders by producing memory for self antigens during T cell development
to maintain an active T cell response (Tc or Th) after an infection is cleared
to provide an almost immediate response upon subsequent exposure to a specific pathogen
to express Tc activity after a pathogen is cleared
With regard to the type of B cell response generated, protein antigens typically provoke which of the following responses?
TI-1
TI-2
TD
all of the answers are correct
none of the answers are correct
The B cell receptor CD21 associates with which host molecule?
C3d
CD19
the BCR
Fc receptors
none of the answers are correct
B cells follow which of the following chemotactic signals to migrate to the follicle regions of secondary lymphoid tissue?
CCL19
CXCL13
CCL21
all of the answers are correct
none of the answers are correct
The first immunoglobulin isotope produced during the course of a primary immune response contains which of the following heavy chains?
γ
κ
δ
μ
Which of the following do you expect would be actively functioning in a B cell that had migrated to a germinal center?
RAG1
Artemis
AID
Ku70
Which of the following mechanisms of mutagenesis via AID activity is possible?
the lesion is not repaired prior to replication, resulting is CG to TA transition
base excision repair, followed by error-prone DNA polymerase fill-in of the gap created
mismatch repair, followed by error prone DNA polymerase fill-in of the gap created
all of the options are possible
SHM and CSR are both dependent on the activity of which of the following enzymes?
AID
RAG-1/2
DNA uridine glycosylase
Both AID and RAG-1/2 are required for SHM and CSR
Both AID and DNA uridine glycosylase are required for SHM and CSR
Which of the following is a way in which follicular B cells can acquire antigen entering a lymph node via an afferent lymphatic?
direct capture of whole antigen that directly enters the follicle by passing between subcapsular sinus macrophages
transfer of complement-bound antigen from surface receptors on subcapsular sinus macrophages
passage of antigen from subcapsular sinus macrophages to follicular dendritic cells to B cells
passage of antigen from DCs that reside near HEVs to B cells
all of the answers are possible
Which of the following does NOT occur shortly following oligomerization of the BCR upon antigen binding?
movement of the BCR complex into areas of the membrane called "lipid rafts"
positioning of Igα and Igβ to allow for phosphorylation of its ITAM motifs
positioning of CD3 to allow for phosphorylation of its ITAM motifs
formation of clathrin-coated pits around BCR complex
all of the answers are correct
Which factors on the surfaces of B cells and T cells, through their interaction, are required to allow germinal center formation to occur?
CD40 and CD40L
Fas anad FasL
CD28 and CD80/86
TCR and MHC class II
Which of the following antigen types could be characterized as T1 antigens?
soluble proteins
bacterial cell wall components
capsular polysaccharides
both bacterial cell wall components and capsular polysaccharides
Which of the following statements are TRUE about B-1 B cells?
they can self-renew in the periphery and do not need to be replenished from primary lymphoid tissues
they have identical lymphocyte receptors to one another
they respond to their antigens via high-affinity receptor responses
all of the answers are true
none of the answers are true
What do SHP-1 and IL-10 have in common with regard to B cell function?
both exert negative regulation of B cell activity
both exert positive regulation of B cell activity
both are B cell survival factors
both induce B cell proliferation
Which of the following is a negative regulator of B cells?
CD21
CD22
CD80
CD86
What is the effector molecule of humoral immunity?
antibodies
cytotoxic T cells
DCs
helper T cells
plasma cells
The role of cell mediated immunity is
to find cells infected with intracellular pathogens
to find and eliminate cells infected with intracellular pathogens
to present antigens to TH cells
to produce memory B cells
to secrete antibodies
Cell-mediated immunity includes
antibodies
plasma cells
Tc cells
both antibodies and Tc cells
both plasma cells and Tc cells
NK T cells express
CD4
CD8
CD12
CD33
both CD4 and CD8
__________ describes the action of antibodies whereby antibodies bind to a pathogen and present the pathogen from interacting with cell receptors
antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
antigen presentation
complement fixation
neutralization
opsonization
Which class of antibodies is the FIRST to be produced during the primary immune response?
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
IgA is typically found as a dimer in high levels of secretions such as milk, tears and saliva. What is the primary function of IgA in secretions?
to alert plasma cells of an invading pathogen
to neutralize toxins and pathogens
Which Fc receptor is responsible for triggering the release of histamine, proteases, and other inflammatory signals from IgE?
Fcα receptor
Fcε receptor
Fcγ receptor
neonatal Fc receptor
The Fas ligand (FasL) represents a key signaling pathway among cell-mediated effector cells. What is the function of the Fas-FasL, signaling pathway?
activation of the Fas-FasL signaling pathway triggers apoptosis
binding of Fas to FasL induces phagocytosis by DCs
CTLs mediate a powerful and lethal immune response to infected host cells. Which of the following steps is NOT involved with CTL activation and function?
antigen presented with MHC clam I is recognized by CTLs
APC presentation occurs to both Tc and TH cells
Fas-FasL signaling pathway is activated, triggering apoptosis
histamine is released from cytoplasmic granules, recruiting macrophages to the site of infection
A new pathogenic bacterium has been discovered- it is an intracellular parasite and can prevent mHC molecules from being properly made in infected cells. Which of the following cell types would be MOST effective at fighting this pathogen?
CTL
NK cell
B cell
DC
basophil
Primary immunodeficiencies affecting T cells tend to be MORE severe than those affecting B cells because
T cells control the innate immune response
T cells regulate antigen presentation
T cells coordinate the adaptive immune response
T cells can trigger apoptosis
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
is a result of the absence of macrophages or B cells
affects only part of the adaptive immune response
can be caused by failure of TAP transporters
can be caused by failure of VDJ recombination
