How many bones make up the carpal region?

What is the total number of bones that make up the hand and wrist?

Which carpal contains a “hooklike” process?

Which carpal articulates with the thumb?

Which carpal is most commonly fractured?

Where are the coronoid and radial fossae located?

Which two bony landmarks are palpated to assist with positioning of the upper limb?

In an erect anatomic position, which one of the following structures is considered to be most inferior or distal?

Which carpal bone has only one name?

Fat pads of the elbow are normally seen on correctly positioned and correctly exposed anteroposterior (AP) elbow projections

Why should a forearm never be taken as a PA projection?

In what position should the hand be for an AP elbow projection?

In what position should the hand be for an AP medial rotation oblique elbow position?

The long axis of the anatomic part being imaged should be placed:

Arthrography is a radiographic study of:

Which wrist projection requires that the IR be inclined toward the elbow at an angle of 20° from horizontal?

With reference to the plan of the IR, how should the humeral epicondylar plane be positioned for the lateral projection of the elbow?

Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?

Which of the following pathologic indication requires a decrease in manual exposure factors?

Where is the central ray centered for a PA projection of the second digit?

Why is it important to keep the long axis of the digit parallel to the film?

Where is the central ray placed for a PA projection of the hand?

What is the major disadvantage of performing a PA projection of the thumb rather than an AP?

Choose the best set of exposure factors for upper limb radiography:

A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the mid aspect of the 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^th metacarpals are slightly superimposed. What must be done to correct this positioning problem on the repeat exposure.

A radiograph of an AP elbow projection demonstrates total separation between the proximal radius and ulna. What must be done to correct this positioning error on the repeat exposure.

A radiograph of the carpal canal (inferiorsuperior) projection reveals that the pisiform and hamulus are superimposed. What can be done to correct this problem on the repeat exposure?

A radiograph of an elbow, AP oblique with medial rotation reveals that the coronoid process is not in profile and the radial head is only partially superimposed over the ulna. What specific positioning error was involved?

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the elbow reveals that the epicondyles are not superimposed and the trochlear notch is not clearly seen. What must be done to correct this positioning error during the repeat exposure?

From the prone position, how many degrees should a hand be rotated for the PA oblique projection of the hand?

Which positioning characteristic best indicates that the humerus is properly positioned for the AP projection of the humerus:

Which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the lateral projection?

Situation: A patient with a possible Barton’s fracture enters the emergency room. Which positioning routine should be performed to confirm the diagnosis?

A patient with a possible Smith’s fracture enters the ED. Which positioning routine should be performed to confirm this diagnosis?

Select the term(s) that correctly describes the shoulder joint:

Which specific joint is found on the lateral end of the clavicle?

Which of the following is not an angle found on the scapula?

Which one of the following structures of the scapula extends most anteriorly?

The male clavicle is shorter and less curved than the female clavicle.

Which bone structure separates the supraspinous and the infraspionous fossae?

Which on of the following structures is considered to be the most posterior?

Even though the amount of radiation exposure is minimal for most shoulder projections, gonadal shielding should be used for children and adults of child-bearing age.

Which one of the following pathologic conditions may require a reduction in manual exposure factors?

Which basic projection of the shoulder requires that the humeral epicondyles be parallel to the cassette?

Where is the central ray centered for an AP projection of the shoulder?

Which position of the shoulder and proximal humerus projects the lesser tubercle in profile medially?

For the erect version of the tangential projection for the intertubercular groove, the patient leans forward __________ from vertical.

With which one of the following projections is a breathing technique preferred?

A PA axial projection of the clavicle requires a 15° to 30° caudal central ray angle.

A 72-inch SID is recommended for acromioclavicular joint studies.

Which projection of the upper limb should be performed to demonstrate a fracture of the proximal humerus when that arm cannot be abducted?

Which projection of the shoulder requires that a horizontal central ray be directed 15 to 30° medially and enter the axilla of the affected arm?

The kV range for adult shoulder projections is between 80 and 90 kV for analog and 100 and 110 kV for digital imaging systems.

In which body position should the patient be placed to demonstrate the left shoulder with the PA oblique projection (scapularY)?

If the patient’s condition permits, which joint should be demonstrated with the patient in an upright position?

When performing the AP projection of the scapula, the central ray should be directed toward a point 2 inches ________ to the coracoid process.

A radiograph of the Grashey method reveals that the anterior and posterior glenoid rims are not superimposed. The following positioning factors were used: erect position, body rotated 35° toward the affected side, central ray perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint space, and affected arm slightly abducted in neutral rotation. Which one of the following modifications will superimpose the glenoid rims during the repeat exposure?

A patient with a possible shoulder dislocation enters the ED. A neutral, AP projection of the shoulder has been taken, confirming a dislocation. Which additional projection should be taken?

A radiograph of an AP axial clavicle is projected in the lung field below the top of the shoulder. The following factors were used: erect position, central ray angled 15° cephalad, 40-inch SID, and respiration suspended at the end of expiration. Which one of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure?

A patient with a possible acromioclavicular separation enters the ED. Which one of the following routines should be used?

Which of the following is not an aspect of the metatarsal?

The distal portion of the 5^th metatarsal is a common fracture site.

Where are the sesamoid bones of the foot most commonly located?

What is the name of the tarsal bone found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and 3 cuneiforms?

Which tarsal bone is considered to be the smallest?

What is another term for the talocalcaneal joint?

The distal tibial joint surface is called the:

The mortise of the ankle should be totally open and visible on a correctly positioned anteroposterior (AP) projection of the ankle.

What is the correct centering of the central ray for an AP projection of the toes?

Which type of central ray angle is required for an AP projection of the toes?

Which of the following projections is used for the sesamoid bones of the foot?

How much foot rotation is required for the AP oblique, medial rotation projection of the foot?

What is another name for the AP projection of the foot?

Which central ray angle and direction are generally required for the AP projection of the foot?

Which projection of the foot best demonstrates the cuboid?

What is another term or the intercondyloid eminence?

What is the name of the deep depression found on the posterior aspect of the distal femur?

A line drawn across the most distal aspect of the medial and lateral femoral condyles would be _____ from being at a right angle, or 90°, to the long axis of the femur.

The angle referred to in question 79 would be less on a tall, slender person.

The upper, or superior, portion of the patella is called the:

Which two ligaments of the knee joint help stabilize the knee from the anterior and posterior perspective?

Which structures serve as shock absorbers within the knee joint?

Which of the following conditions may cause the tibial tuberosity to be pulled away from the tibial shaft?

Where is the central ray placed for a plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus?

Which ankle projection is best for demonstrating the mortise of the ankle?

Which imaginary plane should be placed parallel to the IR for an AP projection of the knee?

Which joint space should be open or almost open for a well-positioned AP oblique knee projection with medial rotation?

A 5° to 7°cephalad angle of the central ray for a lateral projection of the knee helps superimpose the distal borders of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.

Why is a PA projection of the patella preferred to an AP projection?

A projection is performed for the patellofemoral joint with the patient supine and the knee flexed 40°. The central ray is angled 30° caudad from horizontal. The cassette is resting on the lower legs supported by a special cassette-holding device. Which one of the following methods has been described?

What is the major disadvantage of the Settegast method?

A radiograph of an AP knee reveals that the joint spaces are not equally open and the proximal fibula is superimposed over the tibia. Which specific positioning error lead to this radiographic outcome?

Where should the central ray be directed for the AP oblique projections of the foot?

Where should the central ray be directed for the lateral projection of the calcaneus?

For the lateral projection of the knee, how many degrees should the knee be flexed?

How many degrees and in what direction should the central ray be directed for the lateral projection of the knee?

Which positioning factor determines the number of degrees the central ray should be angled for the tangential projection (Settegast method) to demonstrate the patella?

How should the central ray be directed for the AP projection of the femur?

For which lower limb projection should the lower limb be rotated medially 10 to 15°?

A radiograph of the Camp-Coventry method was produced, but the intercondylar fossa is not open and is foreshortened. The following positioning factors were used: prone position, lower leg flexed 45°, and central ray angles 30°caudad and centered to the popliteal crease. Which of the following factors should be changed during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image?

A radiograph of a plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus reveals that the calcaneus is foreshortened. The following positioning factors were used: supine position, foot dorsiflexed perpendicular to image receptor, and central ray angled 30° cephalad and centered to base of 3^rd metatarsal. Which of the following factors should be changed during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image?

A patient with a possible fracture of the middle and distal femur enters the emergency room. The patient cannot be turned from the supine position. The physician orders a portable study because the patient is in a splint and in great pain. What specific positioning routine would be used with this patient?

If a radiograph were made of an average-size knee using automatic exposure control (AEC) and all three photocells were selected, the resulting radiograph would demonstrate:

Which bones form the pelvis?

Which three names refer to the major bone that makes up the right or left half of the pelvis?

Which bones of the pelvis compose the acetabulum?

Which parts of the hip bones support the weight of the body when a person is in the seated position?

Where on the midline of the patient should the central ray enter for the AP projection of the pelvis?

Which positioning maneuver should be performed to place the femoral necks parallel with the IR for an AP projection of the pelvis?

How should the central ray be directed for the AP oblique projection (modified Cleaves method) to demonstrate bilateral hips?

Where on the midline of the patient should the central ray be directed for the AP oblique projection (modified Cleave method)?

For which projection of an individual hip should the unaffected hip be flexed and the thigh be raised out of the way of the central ray?

For which projection of the hip should the central ray be directed horizontally into the medial aspect of the affected thigh?

Innominate bone is another name for:

Which one of the following structures is considered to be the most posterior?

A geriatric patient with an externally rotated lower limb may have:

Which one of the following radiographic signs indicates whether the proximal femurs are in position for a true AP projection?

Which one of the following projections/methods is often used to evaluate a pediatric patient for congenital hip dislocation?

Which one of the following projections is used to evaluate the pelvic inlet for possible fracture?

Which type of pathology is best demonstrated with the posterior oblique (Judet method)?

What type of CR angle is required for the PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?

What is the optimal amount of hip abduction applied for the unilateral “frog-leg” projection to demonstrate the femoral neck without distortion?

Which one of the following types of body habitus may cause the costophrenic angles to be cut off if careful vertical collimation is not used?

Optimal technical factor selection ensures proper penetration of the:

What is a common radiographic sign seen on a chest radiograph for a patient with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Why are the shoulders rolled forward for a PA projection of the chest?

Where is the central ray placed for an AP supine projection of the chest?

A condition in which all or a portion of the lung is collapsed is:

Which one of the following terms is defined as “shortness of breath”?

Manual exposure factors for a patient with a large pneumothorax should:

Identify the best kV level for adult chest radiography form the following choices:

An ambulatory patient with a clinical history of advanced emphysema enters the emergency room. The patient is having difficulty breathing and is receiving oxygen. The physician has ordered a PA and lateral chest study. Should the technologist alter the typical exposure factors for this patients?

A patients enters the ED with an injury to the chest. The ED physician suspects a pleural effusion in the right lung. The patient is unable to stand or sit erect. Which specific position or projection can be performed to confirm the presence of the pleural effusion?

Which of the following technical considerations is essential when performing abdomen studies on young pediatric patient?

Which one of the following exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average-size adult?

The xiphoid process corresponds with which vertebral level?

To identify the inferior margin of the abdomen, the technologist can palpate the symphysis pubis or:

An important landmark that is commonly used to locate the center of the abdomen is the:

The telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop is called:

If the PA chest projection is not performed for the acute abdomen series, centering for the erect abdomen projection must include the:

Which specific decubitus position of the abdomen should be used in an acute abdomen series if the patient cannot stand?

A radiograph of an AP projection of the abdomen reveals that the right iliac wing is wider than the left. What type of positioning error was involved?

A patient comes into the ED with a history of Crohn’s disease. An acute abdomen series is ordered on this patient. Which of the following is the reason for this order?

A KUB on a large hypersthenic patient reveals that the entire abdomen is not included on the 14 x 17 IR. What can be done to correct this on the repeat radiograph?

Within the imaging room, which of the following can reduce patient anxiety and the need for immobilization?

1. Provide age-appropriate videos

2. Perform the procedure in a room with a good view

3. Align the imaging equipment before bringing the patient in the room

Which of the following is one of the most dangerous causes of acute upper airway obstruction in children and is treated as an emergency?

Which type of fracture occurs through the epiphysis?

Which of the following is the most reliable method of detecting inspiration on chest radiography for patients from birth to age 3?

A child comes to radiology with a clinical history of talipes equinovarus. Which of the following positioning routines and/or methods is often performed for this condition?

If child abuse is suspected by the technologist, he or she should

One of the ways to obtain a pediatric patient’s cooperation is to:

In communicating with the adolescent patient, it is important to assess their:

All of the following provide optimum radiation protection during surgical procedures for

the radiographer, except:

In what position is the patient placed during retrograde urography?

Which of the following devices is often used to reduce femoral, tibial and humeral shaft fractures?

Which of the following orthopedic devices is often used during a hip pinning?

Which one of the following procedures does not require the use of mobile fluoroscopy?

Which spinal procedure may require the use of Harrington or Luque rods?

Which one of the following techniques will best reduce dose to the surgical team during a C-arm procedure?