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Boisdore LEAP2025 EXAM Whole Test Review

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement best describes how the discovery of the Holocaust affected American decisions during World War 2?

a)

Little action was taken about the Holocaust until the war in Europe was ending

b)

U.S. citizens support for the war and willingness to enlist in the military increased significantly

c)

The U.S. redirected efforts toward ending the Holocaust

d)

The federal government recognized the unfairness of internment camps and released Japanese-Americans

2.

Choose the correct answer below with continues the numbered sequence of events listed:


1st: Sherman Anti-Trust Act becomes law.

2nd: Large companies that engage in monopolies are prohibited

3rd: ????

a)

Corporations cease the practice of vertical integration

b)

Labor unions stop striking in response to the legislation

c)

Consumers buy more goods from small companies

d)

Corporations form holding companies in order to circumvent the new legislation

3.

In 1983, President Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), popularly called "Star Wars".


Which statement best describes how the Strategic Defense Initiative fit into President Reagan's policy goals?

a)

A technological investment was needed to end Soviet superiority in space exploration

b)

A technological investment was necessary to reduce espionage by the Soviets

c)

A military buildup was needed to put pressure on the Soviets and gain an edge in arms negotiations

d)

A military buildup was necessary to reignite the arms race with the Soviets

4.

Which statement below best describes the general trend in immigration to the U.S. over the 19th and 20th centuries? (PICK TWO ANSWERS)

a)

Most immigrants to the U.S. during the late 1800s and early 1900s tended to come from Europe

b)

Immigration to the U.S. and its effects have only recently emerged as a major political issue in American politics

c)

Immigration to the U.S. decreased significantly during the 1920s and 1930s due to restrictive immigration laws and the onset of the Great Depression

d)

Most immigrants to the U.S. over the last 200 years have come from Asia and Latin America

e)

Immigration to the U.S. has decreased significantly since 1980

5.

One foreign policy goal of President Theodore Roosevelt was to...

a)

create futures states by annexing Pacific Island territories

b)

restrict European intervention in the Western Hemisphere

c)

limit United States investment in Latin America

d)

encourage independence movements in Africa

6.

One outcome of the situation depicted in the political cartoon was that...

a)

President Roosevelt declined to run for re-election

b)

the Supreme Court ended most of the New Deal programs created

c)

President Roosevelt was eventually impeached for abuse of power

d)

Congress and the American public rejected Roosevelt's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court

7.

During the 1950s, the main goal of the civil rights movement was to

a)

create separate African American economic and social institutions

b)

eliminate legal segregation from American life

c)

establish affirmative action programs to compensate for past wrongs

d)

form a new nation for African Americans

8.
Lunch counter sit-ins and the actions of freedom riders are examples of
a)
steps taken in support of the Americans with Disabilities Act
b)
programs dealing with affirmative action
c)
violent acts by the Black Panthers
d)
nonviolent attempts to oppose segregation
9.
  A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society program was to
a)
enact social welfare programs to end poverty
b)
increase farm production
c)
expand the size of the military
d)
expand the size of the military
10.

One way in which the New Deal and the Great Society are similar is that both programs were based on the belief that

a)

volunteer organizations should take over federal relief efforts

b)

government should impose fewer regulations on business

c)

states should pay a larger share of the cost of federal programs

d)

the federal government should do more to help citizens in need

11.
The decision of the Supreme Court in the case of United States v. Nixon (1974) stated that
a)
President Richard Nixon as commander in chief could extend the Vietnam War into Cambodia
b)
executive branch officials could be fired by the president without the Senate’s approval
c)
executive privilege did not allow the president to withhold recordings that were related to the Watergate affair
d)
congressional approval of the War Powers Act of 1973 violated the separation of powers
12.
Which statement most accurately explains why the War Powers Act (1973) was passed?
a)
President Lyndon B. Johnson failed to send enough troops to South Vietnam.
b)
President Richard Nixon negotiated a peace treaty with North Vietnam.
c)
Congress wanted to reassert its right to authorize military action.
d)
Military leaders demanded limits on presidential authority during wartime.
13.
Which action did President Ronald Reagan support to achieve economic growth?
a)
lowering taxes on corporations and individuals
b)
increasing spending on social welfare programs
c)
cutting defense budgets
d)
increasing the regulation of industry
14.

The passage of the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security reflect the determination of the United States government to

a)

search for weapons of mass destruction in South Asia

b)

increase the globalization of the economy

c)

bring about an end to the Cold War

d)

prevent future terrorist attacks

15.

Passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) improved conditions for the disabled by

a)

making it illegal to criticize or fire handicapped persons

b)

mandating easier access to employment and public facilities

c)

sponsoring Olympic games for the handicapped

d)

requiring separate classrooms for disabled students

16.

Which action below best symbolized the end of the Cold War?

a)

establishing the Peace Corps

b)

achieving a truce in the Korean War

c)

tearing down the Berlin Wall

d)

improving United States relations with China

17.

The policy objectives of Reaganomics were based on the theory that —

a)

borrowing from foreign countries would help cover the costs of domestic programs

b)

significant increases in government spending would help reduce unemployment

c)

broad tax cuts and financial deregulation would promote economic expansion

d)

reducing trade barriers would result in a budget surplus

18.

The Cold War ended in 1991, when which country broke apart?

a)

Germany

b)

Kuwait

c)

Soviet Union

d)

Cuba

19.

President Bush and the United Nations sent in troops in January 1991, their goal was the restore peace in Kuwait and protect our OIL interest. What was the name of this conflict?

a)

World War II

b)

Vietnam War

c)

Persian Gulf War

d)

War on Terror

20.

What reduced trade barriers among the United States, Mexico, and Canada?

a)

NAFTA

b)

NATO

c)

OPEC

d)

FAFSA

21.

What happened to Clinton after he lied under oath about his relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky?

a)

He was fired

b)

He resigned

c)

He was impeached

d)

He was promoted

22.

Two main reasons for continued American interest in Middle East are...

a)

oil and terrorism

b)

rubber and industrial metals

c)

diamonds and textiles

d)

land and religion

23.

What is the biggest criticism of NAFTA?

a)

Canadians don't really produce much

b)

It hurt our relationships with Mexico and Canada

c)

U.S. lost 5 million jobs

24.
The Camp David Accords was one of President Jimmy Carter's greatest accomplishments in office. The Camp David Accords -
a)
Negotiated a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel
b)
Negotiated the release of US hostages held by Iran
c)
Negotiated with OPEC to lower oil prices
d)
Helped organized a group of countries to fight against communism
25.

How did the Brown v. Board of Education decision influence the Civil Rights movement?

a)

By discouraging activist from relying on the judicial system

b)

By guaranteeing scholarships to minority college students

c)

By providing a judicial basis for achieving equality in other areas

d)

By eliminating social barriers associated with hiring practices

26.

What was the initial response of the US government to the attacks of September 11, 2001?

a)

To impose economic sanctions on Libya for sponsoring terrorist activities

b)

To begin military operations in Afghanistan

c)

To reopen military bases in Europe that had been closed after the Cold War

d)

To form a coalition to eliminate training bases in Pakistan

27.

One reason the 2008 presidential election was historically significant is that it was the first time:

a)

traditionally Republican states voted Democratic

b)

voters used computerized ballots

c)

an African American won the presidency

d)

a Southerner won the vice-presidency

28.

The United States intervened to stop the spread of communism from North Vietnam into South Vietnam as a result of what?

a)

the Domino Theory

b)

the Marshall Plan

c)

United Nations orders

d)

Yellow Journalism

29.

This event extended educational, housing, and employment benefits to WW2 veterans, resulting in an education and housing boom. Which of the following is being described?

a)

Civil Rights legislation

b)

19th Amendment

c)

G.I. Bill

d)

Prohibition

30.

Which of the following are factors that created changes in American society after World War II? (SELECT ALL ANSWERS WHICH ARE TRUE)

a)

Strong economy with increased productivity

b)

African Americans’ aspirations for equal opportunities

c)

Less investments made in education

d)

Women increasingly working outside the home

31.
What is the name of the Senator from WI known for his Anti-Communist accusations?
a)
Joseph McCarthy
b)
Harry Truman
c)
Richard Nixon
d)
Henry Wallace
32.
The Cold War was a fight between _________________ & ____________________
a)
democracy/communism
b)
U.S./Soviet Union
c)
Allies/Soviet Union
d)
Germany/Allies
33.
The Homestead Act encouraged people to move West because it..
a)
established ranching towns for cattle drivers.
b)
offered free land to those willing to farm it.
c)
offered land to gold prospectors.
d)
promised protection from Native Americans.
34.
Colonel George Armstrong Custer is best known for his..
a)
support of the rights of Native Americans.
b)
disastrous loss in Battle of the Little Bighorn.
c)
defeat of the Sioux and Cheyenne in the Indian Wars.
d)
unsuccessful bid for the presidency.
35.
Which of the following factors contributed to the demise of the open-range system and the need for cowboys?
a)
The use of sod for houses
b)
The invention of barbed wire
c)
The development of railroads
d)
The disappearance of big mining companies
36.
What act divided up Indian reservations into plots of land to be given to the Indian families?
a)
Hayes Act
b)
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
c)
Bland-Allison Act
d)
Dawes Act
37.

Which group worked in California (searching for gold) and also helped build the Transcontinental Railroad?

a)

Italian

b)

Japanese

c)

Irish

d)

Chinese

38.

Why were Native Americans angered by treaties? Choose all that are correct.

a)

Settlers ignored the treaties.

b)

Treaties forced them away from their ancestral lands.

c)

They wanted to live with the settlers, not separate from them.

d)

Treaties did not allow them to move to places like New York City.

e)

Treaties did not allow them to have guns.

39.

How did the policies of the Dawes Act of 1887 contrast with previous Native American policies?

a)

It deferred to the Supreme Court to resolve matters of citizenship and rights.

b)

It encouraged Native Americans to assimilate and adopt U.S. citizenship.

c)

It recognized the Native Americans' claims as sovereign entities.

d)

It provided material support as long as they remain in designated locations.

40.

Which movement or trend was most significant in creating the conflict with Plains Indians that ultimately led to the Dawes Act?

a)

railroad expansion to the West Coast

b)

the extermination of the bison population

c)

the Social Gospel movement

d)

homesteaders expanding into the plains region

41.
A major cause of antagonism toward the “new immigrants” who came to the United States after 1880 was the belief that they...
a)
were better educated than native-born Americans
b)
had a higher standard of living than most Americans
c)
adapted easily to American culture
d)
competed with Americans for jobs as unskilled laborers
42.

What issues did farmers have in the latter half of the 19th century? (PICK TWO ANSWERS)

a)

more debt

b)

bad weather

c)

high freight costs

d)

inflation/money supply

e)

diseased crops/animals

43.

Who helped form the populist party?

a)

Middle Class White settlers

b)

northern African Americans

c)

Small Farmers

d)

Bankers/factory owners

44.

What was the first major national strike by American workers?

a)

Haymarket Strike

b)

Homestead Strike

c)

Pullman Strike

d)

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

45.

What was the first nationwide industrial union, which also accepted workers from any industry, as well as women and African Americans?

a)

the Knights of Labor

b)

the AFL

c)

International Workers of the World

46.

Most strikes by unions in the late 1800s were unsuccessful mainly because

a)

unions were unconstitutional

b)

strikes had never been used before to settle labor issues

c)

government supported business instead of workers

d)

strikers failed to use militant tactics

47.

During the industrial Revolution in the U.S., laissez-faire economic policies led to what?

a)

Markets that were dominated by monopolies

b)

The creation of strong regulations that ensured businesses did not harm the general public

c)

Significant improvements in working conditions gained through collective bargaining by labor unions

d)

The government placing heavy taxes on the large monopolies and truasts

48.
Which law was passed as a result of muckraking literature of Upton Sinclair?
a)
Meat Inspection Act
b)
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
c)
Federal Reserve Act
d)
Interstate Commerce Act
49.
What was an important effect of the influx of people from the country to the cities in the late nineteenth century?
a)
a sharp increase in college enrollment
b)
crowded slums and unsanitary conditions
c)
decline in economic growth
d)
 a large amount of unused farmland
50.
In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
a)
lynching was a federal crime.
b)
school segregation was unconstitutional.
c)
voting rights could not be tied to any form of tax.
d)
racial segregation in public facilities was legal.
51.

Books such as Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens, How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis and The Jungle by Upton Sinclair exposed problems that resulted from...

a)

the naturalization of immigrants

b)

environmental conservation

c)

westward expansion

d)

rapid industrialization

52.

What was the name for corrupt politicians being able to maintain control of local government?

a)

Conglomerates

b)

Trust Busters

c)

Political Machines

d)

Monopolies

53.

The purpose of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was to

a)

break up monopolies

b)

give equal rights to women

c)

help people living in poverty

d)

end racism

54.
What amendment provided suffrage for women (1920)?
a)
16th
b)
17th
c)
18th
d)
19th
55.
Which Progressive President used Big Stick Diplomacy and was known as a Trust buster?
a)
Teddy Roosevelt
b)
Taft
c)
Woodrow Wilson
d)
Luke Skywalker
56.
What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China?
a)
End the Boxer Rebellion
b)
Ensure trading rights with China
c)
Win leaseholds in China
d)
Establish a sphere of influence
57.
What was the event that ignited the Spanish-American War?
a)
Explosion of the USS Arizona
b)
Sinking of the USS Maine
c)
Sinking of the Lusitania
d)
Russia
58.
Economic motives for imperialism include _________.
a)
a desire to spread Christianity
b)
a need for military bases around the world
c)
a need for raw materials to be used in factories
d)
a desire to gain glory
59.
Why was the Panama Canal so essential to the growing strength of the United States?
a)
It made the slave trade move more easily from It made the slave trade move more easily from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
b)
It helped the United States take over Japan.
c)
It allowed the United States to transport navy and merchant ships between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
d)
It made Panama a U.S. territory and eventually a state.
60.
What was America's first "big business
a)
Steel
b)
Railroads
c)
Iron
d)
Oil
61.
This man controlled the steel industry during the Gilded Age
a)
Andrew Carnegie
b)
John D Rockefeller
c)
JP Morgan
d)
Cornelius Vanderbilt
62.
This man owned Standard Oil and controlled most of the oil industry during the Gilded Age
a)
Andrew Carnegie
b)
Cornelius Vanderbilt
c)
John D Rockefeller
d)
JP Morgan
63.
This is another word for monopoly
a)
Trust
b)
Corporation
c)
Merger
d)
Subsidiary
64.
Wealthy monopolists believed that God's will gave them wealth and power so they could serve society.
a)
Social Gospel
b)
Gospel of Wealth
c)
Social Darwinism
d)
Gospel of Trusts
65.
The government took this philosophy when dealing with monopolies during the Gilded Age
a)
Laissez Faire
b)
Heavy Regulation
c)
Busted the Trusts
d)
Broke up Monopolies
66.

Which of the following caused President Wilson to declare war on Germany?

a)

the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian empire

b)

unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram

c)

the selling of weapons to Great Britain by the United States

d)

disputes over German colonial claims to Samoa and the Marshall Islands

67.
9)  WWI began when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia one month after:
a)
Serbia tried to take more of Austria-Hungary's land.
b)
Serbia burned their flag.
c)
Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were killed.
d)
Serbia won more Olympic medals.
68.
According to Woodrow Wilson, the purpose of the League of Nations was
a)
to remove threat of future wars.
b)
to prevent nuclear proliferation.
c)
to help the US gain more territories.
d)
to help promote prohibition in other countries.
69.
What was the Zimmerman Note?
a)
The German policy of attacking all ships entering or leaving Britain
b)
Wilson's speech concerning why the U.S  should enter WWI
c)
A proposal by Germany that Mexico attack the US in return for territory
d)
a note left behind by a Serbian Nationalist in Austria-Hungary
70.
Why did the U.S. sell war bonds during the war?
a)
To control wages and prices
b)
To raise money for the war
c)
To rally support for the war
d)
To conserve scarce resources
71.
The migration of African Americans to the North during and following World War I was mainly a result of the
a)
success of military desegregation
b)
efforts of the civil rights movement
c)
availability of new factory jobs
d)
impact of affirmative action programs
72.

During the Red Scare, Americans often linked __________ with communism.

a)

workers

b)

criminals

c)

immigrants

d)

Progressives

73.
The fear of a communist takeover of the US during the 1920's became known as the
a)
Bad Times
b)
Red Scare
c)
Bolshevik Doom
d)
Communist Wave
74.

Congress refused to join the League of Nations Post-WW1

a)

True

b)

False

75.

The 1920s are often called the Roaring Twenties because the decade was noted for

a)

political reform

b)

economic depression

c)

social and cultural changes

d)

the loud noise cars made on the road

76.

Which invention contributed to the rise of mass culture during WW1 and the 20s?

a)

Radio

b)

Books

c)

Newspapers

d)

Church

77.

The division in public opinion over the Scopes trial and Prohibition demonstrates which characteristic of the 1920s?

a)

clash of cultural values

b)

discrimination against immigrants

c)

fear of international communism

d)

opposition to the Ku Klux Klan

78.

The flowering of African American arts and literature in 1920s New York.

a)

The Arts & Culture Renaissance

b)

The Italian Renaissance

c)

The digital Renaissance

d)

The Harlem Renaissance

79.

During the 1920s, much of the debt accumulated by consumers was due to

a)

rising income taxes

b)

long strikes by labor unions

c)

overproduction of farm products

d)

installment buying of manufactured goods

80.

Henry Ford produced a more affordable car primarily because his company….

a)

Paid workers lower wages than his competitors.

b)

Used foreign-made parts.

c)

Developed a faster and less expensive method of production called the assembly line.

d)

Offered a variety of options to buyers

81.

The __________________________ ended prohibition and was passed in 1933.

a)

18th Amendment

b)

19th Amendment

c)

20th Amendment

d)

21st Amendment

82.

Why did the economy experience a "boom" after WWI?

a)

African Americans were moving back to the farms to grow cotton and soybeans

b)

Consumers were preparing for a war and needed to bring extra supplies

c)

New technologies and consumer goods were being developed and people wanted to buy them

d)

Foreign trade grew after WWI

83.
What was created to protect bank deposits up to $5,000?
a)
WPA
b)
CCC
c)
TVA
d)
FDIC
84.
What are the 3 R's of the New Deal?
a)
Relief, Rebuild, and Reform
b)
Recover, Rebuild, and Reform
c)
Relief, Recovery, and Reform
d)
Recover, Revive, and Reform
85.

Which New Deal program was in charge of regulating the stock market?

a)

SEC

b)

Social Security

c)

EBRA

d)

FDIC

86.
What problem were both the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Works Progress Administration developed to address?
a)
Excessive stock market speculation
b)
High unemployment
c)
Increased use of credit
d)
Overproduction of goods
87.
Which event marked the beginning of the Great Depression?
a)
The End of Prohibition
b)
The New Deal
c)
The Stock Market Crash
d)
The Election of Herbert Hoover
88.
What happened during the "run on banks" after the stock market crash in 1929?
a)
People rushed to withdraw their money and caused banks to close
b)
People went and rushed to deposit money in the banks
c)
People went and started to buy stocks in the banks
d)
People went to rob the banks...because you know...crime and such
89.

What natural disaster happened in the Great Plains to make the Great Depression worse?

a)

Dust Bowl

b)

Dust Storm

c)

Dust Tornado

d)

Dust Plains

90.

Which of the following was another major cause behind the Great Depression?

a)

Increasing wages of workers

b)

Increased profits for farmers throughout the 1920s

c)

Expansion of government programs during the 1920s

d)

Worldwide debt issues from World War 1

91.

Most Americans of the 1920s had not invested money in the stock market. However, what effect did the Stock Market Crash have upon Americans who didn't invest?

a)

It forced them to take out loans

b)

It forced them to suddenly invest in the market to make a quick buck

c)

It made it immediately difficult for them to find a job

d)

It made them question the banking system and lose trust in banks

92.

Which reason best explains why FDR won the 1932 presidential election?

a)

He proposed a smaller budget and less government spending

b)

Many were unhappy with Hoover's leadership and desired a more proactive change in government

c)

Hoover chose to drop out of the race early

d)

FDR's relation to Teddy Roosevelt propelled him to the presidency

93.

Identify the following New Deal RELIEF programs (ie. created jobs)...

a)

FDIC

b)

CCC

c)

WPA

d)

SEC

e)

AAA

94.

Identify the following New Deal REFORM programs (ie. created long-lasting changes to prevent another Depression)...

a)

FDIC

b)

CCC

c)

WPA

d)

Social Security Act

e)

SEC

95.

True or false: During the 1930s, many countries were suffering through the Great Depression and this made it easier for dictators to takeover.

a)

True

b)

False

96.
What event did Franklin Roosevelt call "a date which will live in infamy?"
a)
The bombing of Nagasaki
b)
The attack on Pearl Harbor
c)
The annexation of Austria by Hitler
d)
The Battle of Stalingrad
97.

What marked to beginning of World War 2?

a)

Hitler becoming allies with Italy

b)

Hitler occupation of France

c)

Stalin coming to power in the USSR

d)

Hitler's invasion of Poland

98.

What impact did the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor have on World War II?

a)

Japan surrendered to the Allies the following day.

b)

Italy surrendered and united with the Allies.

c)

It pulled the United States into World War ii.

d)

The Pacific Charter was organized against Japan.

99.

What was the reasoning of the United States government for placing thousands of Japanese Americans into internment camps?

a)

Japanese Americans were quarantined to prevent a small pox outbreak.

b)

The US government wanted to offer protection to Japanese Americans.

c)

The US government wanted to train Japanese Americans to fight in the war.

d)

Many Americans were concerned about loyalty of Japanese Americans.

100.
What event ended WW2?
a)
Dropping atomic Weapons
b)
Invasion of Poland
c)
Soviets capture Berlin
d)
Battle of Stalingrad
101.
What was the main purpose of government ordered rationing during World War II?
a)
To increase foreign trade
b)
To limit the growth of industry
c)
To conserve raw materials for the war effort
d)
To encourage women to enter the workforce
102.

_________: A series of trials by the Allied forced under international law to convict the Axis powers for charges of crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

a)

NATO Trials

b)

United Nations Trials

c)

Nuremberg Trials

d)

Congress

103.
President Truman adopted a new foreign policy during the Cold War know as the Truman Doctrine. What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?
a)
To expand trade with Europe
b)
To limit the build up of nuclear weapons
c)
To stop the spread of communism
d)
to send financial aid to Europe
104.
Which of the following foreign policies gave financial aid to European nations to rebuild after WWII?
a)
Truman Doctrine
b)
Marshall Plan
c)
Warsaw Pact
d)
Domino Theory
105.
During the Berlin Blockade, the U.S. flew supplies to west Berlin. This was called the __________________________.
a)
Berlin Rescue Mission
b)
NATO
c)
Berlin Airlift
d)
United Nations
106.
An alliance formed to stop the spread of communism is called ___________.
a)
NATO
b)
UN
c)
Axis Powers
d)
Allied Powers
107.

Why did the Cuban Missile Crisis "scare" Americans

a)

Communist Cuba was taking over American businesses

b)

The Bay of Pigs invasion almost failed

c)

Soviets were financing Cuba

d)

Cuba was within nuclear missile shooting range of American cities

108.

What was the US plan with regard to containment?

a)

To provide money to secure communist government around the world

b)

To try to reach a consensus policy toward the Soviet Union

c)

Appeasement

d)

To stop the spread of communism by aiding nations in danger

109.

Churchill called the imaginary line between Soviet satellite states and western Europe.....

a)

NATO

b)

The Iron Curtain

c)

The Berlin Wall

d)

The Great Wall

110.

What was the military-industrial complex?

a)

Eisenhower first coined this phrase in his Farewell Address. He warned lobbying efforts of the armed services and industries that contracted with the military would lead to excessive arms buildup and militarism

b)

A country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation.

c)

A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations

d)

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.