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Meiosis and Genetic Engineering Practice Test

Total questions: 73

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Who was the first adult mammal successfully cloned?
a)
Dolly the Sheep
b)
Copy Cat the Cat
c)
Donald Trump the Donald
d)
Agouti Gout the Mouse
2.
The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called
a)
selective breeding 
b)
genetic engineering
c)
inbreeding
d)
hybridization
3.

What is recombinant DNA

a)

DNA from 2 different organisms combined

b)

DNA from 2 different ribosomes

c)

DNA that is separated out from a vector

4.

"transgenic" refers to an animal that:

a)

Has DNA from another organism spliced into its genome

b)

Has undergone DNA modification

c)

Has unique genes for its species

5.

In which ways can genetic engineering can improve crops

a)

Make them pest or drought resistant

b)

Make them more nutritious

c)

Make them larger

d)

All answers are correct

6.

Humans with genetic diseases can have a gene inserted into their body using a virus. This is called:

a)

Gene therapy

b)

Cloning

c)

DNA fingerprinting

7.
When DNA is manipulated and moved from one source to another it is known as
a)
genetic engineering
b)
electrophoresis
c)
gene therapy
d)
GMO
8.
Which term refers to a farmer choosing the best corn from this year to plant next year?
a)
natural selection
b)
selective breeding
c)
genetic engineering
d)
genetic transformation
9.
Someone has a wild cat breed with a house cat in order to have a cat that looks wild but is more gentle. This is__.
a)
Genetic Modification
b)
Gene Therapy
c)
Animal Husbandry
d)
Selective breeding
10.
Correcting mistakes in DNA is _______
a)
Gene therapy
b)
Gene modification
c)
Selective breeding
d)
animal husbandry
11.

What is a GMO?

a)

An organism that has had its DNA modified by humans

b)

An organism missing a chromosome

c)

Epigenetics

d)

A genetically identical organism

12.
What are genetically modified (GM) organisms and GM foods?
a)
Foods or organisms with better taste
b)
Foods or organisms grown in the USA, only
c)
Foods or organisms with DNA modified in a way that doesn't occur naturally
d)
Food and organisms that have been injected with hormones
13.
Genetic engineering has been used to produce
a)
medicines.
b)
food animals.
c)
improved crops.
d)
all of these.
14.
Which produces offspring from a single cell of an adult?
a)
inbreeding.
b)
mutations.
c)
hybridization.
d)
cloning.
15.
Genes found on DNA contain the instructions for making  
a)
pyrimidines 
b)
pyrimidines
c)
proteins
d)
purines
16.

Any change or mistake in DNA replication can cause a ________  , which is the process that makes new traits.

a)
cancer cell 
b)
virus
c)
disease
d)
mutation
17.
A clone is 
a)
recombinant DNA
b)
a transgenic organsim
c)
plasmid
d)
genetically identical 
18.
What process is shown in the picture?
a)
Gene therapy
b)
Cloning
c)
DNA Fingerprinting
d)
Gene Splicing
19.
Advantages of genetically modified crops include(s)
a)
insect resistance
b)
drought/freeze resistance
c)
higher yield
d)
all of these are reasons for using GMOs
20.
A clone can be BEST thought of as a(n)  _____ created in the lab. 
a)
identical twin
b)
GMO
c)
science fiction experiment
21.
What is it called when a sperm and egg meet?
a)
meiosis
b)
fertilization
c)
cell division
d)
mitosis
22.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
23.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
24.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
25.
Which letter(s) in the diagram correspond to cells that are haploid? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A and B
26.
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
a)
The same number
b)
One-fourth as many
c)
Twice as many
d)
Half as many
27.

What causes genetic variation in meiosis?

a)

homologous chromosomes lining up

b)

crossing over of homologous chromosomes

c)

independent assortment of homologous chromosomes

d)

sister chromatids separating from each other

28.

What is the major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

a)

convenience

b)

overproduction

c)

genetic variation

d)

simplicity

29.
Chromosomes exchange genetic material during 
a)
crossing over
b)
replication
c)
synthesis
d)
translation
30.
A human zygote should have _____ chromosomes inside.
a)
46
b)
23
c)
92
d)
64
31.
What do experts say is the most common form of Down Syndrome?
a)
Trisomy 47
b)
Trisomy 46
c)
Trisomy 21
d)
Trisomy 23
32.
A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes.  What is the haploid number found in a gamete?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
69
d)
92
33.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
34.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)
muscle cells
b)
skin cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
blood cells
35.
Which process is necessary for the inherited traits of an organism to be passed along by sexual reproduction?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
mutation
d)
fission
36.
Which statement correctly describes meiosis?
a)
Cells divide only once.
b)
Meiosis does not occur in reproductive cells.
c)
The cells produced at the end of meiosis are genetically identical to the parent cell.
d)
The cells produced at the end of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
37.
Which best describes the process shown?
a)
nondisjunction
b)
mitosis
c)
independent assortment
d)
crossing over
38.
If an intestinal cell in a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg would contain ____ chromosomes.
a)
3
b)
6
c)
12
d)
24
39.
Body cells of fruit flies contain 8 chromosomes.  Scientists used studies of flies to discover how egg and sperm are formed. What did they observe?
a)
Body cell of offspring flies have 16 chromosomes.
b)
Sperm cells have 8 chromosomes.
c)
Egg cells have 4 chromosomes.
d)
Body cells of offspring have 4 chromosomes.
40.
The haploid number of chromosomes for humans is ____.
a)
46
b)
43
c)
23
d)
26
41.
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
42.
The result of meiosis is ______.
a)
two diploid cells
b)
two haploid cells
c)
four diploid cells
d)
four haploid cells
43.
Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction? 
a)
It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism. 
b)
It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism.
c)
It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.
d)
It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.
44.

Which of the following describes mitosis?

a)

Cell division--creates new somatic cells

b)

Cell division--creates gametes

45.

During which process does the cell divide only once?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

46.

Which process produces 2 cells?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

47.

Which process produces cells that are identical?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

48.

Which process produces cells that are unique / different from each other?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

49.

Which process produces diploid cells?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

50.

Which process produces haploid cells?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

51.

What is the first cloned mammal?

a)

goat

b)

cat

c)

sheep

d)

cow

52.
What occurs when a GMO is created? 
a)
Protein synthesis of the organism is affected
b)
The phenotype is usually changed
c)
The genotype is changed
d)
All of the above
53.
GMO stands for
a)
genetically made organism
b)
genetically modified organism
c)
gene manipulated organism
d)
Genetic mutant organism
54.
The purpose of selective breeding is to 
a)
Get bigger animals
b)
get smaller animals
c)
create animals with desirable traits
d)
create animals with bad traits
55.
Why have some bacteria been genetically modified? 
a)
To produce diesel fuel
b)
To produce oxygen
c)
To consume carbon dioxide
d)
To make exploding bombs
56.

What is a good argument for genetically modifying animals?

a)

Produce more meat

b)

Figure out how to make Spiderman

c)

Modifying your kids to make them more awesome

d)

New genes are needed to create new species

57.
What is the name of the process described below?
1. The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell and is replaced with a nucleus that has been removed from a skin cell. 
2. The new cell is given an electric shock which causes it to start dividing.
3. The embryo is inserted into a host mother.
4. The offspring will be genetically identical to the adult skin cell.
a)
Embryo cloning
b)
Adult cell cloning
c)
Genetic engineering
d)
Tissue culture
58.

CRISPR can edit DNA. What organisms naturally has CRISPR?

a)

Viruses

b)

Humans

c)

Plants

d)

Bacteria

59.
Which option most closely relates to how CRISPR works?
a)
"shake and bake"
b)
"cut and paste"
c)
"hide and seek"
d)
"live and love"
60.
How does CRISPR differ from previous techniques of gene editing?
a)
slower, more expensive, but more accurate
b)
faster, cheaper, and more accurate
c)
faster, more expensive, more accurate
d)
slower, cheaper, less accurate
61.
The structure labeled A is a(n)
a)
chromatid
b)
centriole
c)
centromere
d)
chromophere
62.
The structures labeled B are
a)
centrioles
b)
chromatids
c)
centromeres
d)
chromopheres
63.

Chromosomes that are paired by size and content are called _______ chromosomes.

a)

homeostasis

b)

homologous

c)

matching

d)

sister

64.

During fertilisation, nucleus in the head of sperm fuses with the ovum nucleus to form a ___________________

a)

embryo

b)

zygote

c)

foetus

d)

baby

65.

Reorder the following steps of cloning.

a)

  1. All of the chromosomes from a diploid somatic cell from the donor (cloned) individual are removed from the somatic cell and placed inside the empty egg cell. 

b)

  1. The embryo is implanted into the the mother or surrogate,  where it develops into a genetic clone of the donor. 

c)

All of the chromosomes from an unfertilized egg are removed and discarded.

d)

  1. The modified egg cell is then grown in a petri dish in the lab to the 8 cell embryonic stage. 

1)
2)
3)
4)
66.
A is:
B is:
C is:
a)
A: chromatid
B: centromere
C: chromosome
b)
A: chromosome
B: chromatid
C: centromere
c)
A: chromosome
B: centromere
C: chromatid
d)
A: centromere
B: chromosome
C: chromatid
67.

Independent assortment contributes to genetic diversity. When does independent assortment occur?

a)

Meiosis II

b)

Meiosis I

c)

Mitosis

d)

Cytokinesis

68.

What is d?

a)

homologous chromosomes

b)

sister chromatids

c)

centromere

d)

chromosome

69.

What is a?

a)

homologous chromosomes

b)

sister chromatids

c)

centromere

d)

chromosome

70.

What is b?

a)

homologous chromosomes

b)

sister chromatids

c)

centromere

d)

chromosome

71.

What is c?

a)

homologous chromosomes

b)

sister chromatids

c)

centromere

d)

chromosome

72.

What is the scientific term that refers to sex cells?

a)

autosome

b)

gamete

c)

karyotype

d)

chromosome

73.

In which phase does crossing-over happen, making it the stage most responsible for genetic variation within a species?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Prophase II

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Anaphase II

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