WorksheetsTopic 1-4 Review
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 2hrs 16mins
1.1: Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?
It contains oxygen atoms.
It contains hydrogen atoms.
It can hydrogen bond.
It is non-polar
1.2: A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the presence of
carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other.
ionizing chemical groups.
hydrogen bonds.
ionic bonds
1.3: The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct?
ATP
Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
1.4: Which biological molecule is used to carry the genetic code?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
2.1: Site of protein & lipid packaging to be exported from the cell
A
B
C
D
2.2: Which two cellular organelles in eukaryotes have both electron transport systems and chemiosmotic mechanisms?
Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
Chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
Mitochondria and nucleus
2.3: Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells by diffusion. (The formula for the surface area of a cube is 6 X S2, and the formula for the volume of a cube is S3, where S = the length of a side of the cube.)
Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?
A cube-shaped cell with a side length of 10 μ m
A cube-shaped cell with a side length of 20 μ m
A cube-shaped cell with a side length of 30 μ m
A cube-shaped cell with a side length of 40 μ m
2.5: Which structure is the site of transport of materials into and out of the cell
A
B
C
D
2.6: Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both
require protein carriers
depend on a concentration gradient
occur via contractions of cytoskeletal elements attached to membrane proteins
are endergonic processes and thus require the hydrolysis of ATP
2.7: A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water.
If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?
The number of aquaporins would increase in response to the inhibition of ADH.
The person would decrease oral water intake to compensate for the inhibition of ADH.
Blood filtration would increase to compensate for the lack of aquaporins.
The person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine.
2.8: The following questions refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot. Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?
The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition
The contents of the bag will have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding solution.
Water potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solution.
Starch molecules will continue to pass through the bag.
2.9: Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure above?
Is ATP required for the transportation of sugars across the outer mitochondrial membrane?
Do the types of phospholipids in a membrane affect the rate at which molecules enter a cell by passive diffusion?Do the types of phospholipids in a membrane affect the rate at which molecules enter a cell by passive diffusion?B
Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane?
How does temperature affect the movement of molecules into lysosomes?
2.11: Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?
Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA.
Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar nuclei
Glycolysis occurs in both mitochondria and bacteria.
Neither mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplasts
3.2: The diagram below shows energy changes in a specific chemical reaction with and without the addition of an enzyme to the reaction. Which of the following questions can best be answered by the diagram?
Does the addition of an enzyme reduce the activation energy required for a reaction?
Does the addition of an enzyme result in the formation of covalent bonds?
Does the addition of an enzyme produce a greater amount of products?
Does the addition of an enzyme change the pathway for the reaction?
3.3: Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
The rate of disappearance of the enzyme
The rate of disappearance of the substrate
Rate of disappearance of the product
Change in volume of the solution
3.5: The carbon 'that makes up organic molecules in plants is derived directly from
combustion of fuels
carbon fixed in photosynthesis
carbon dioxide produced in respiration
carbon in the lithosphere
3.5: What most likely causes the trends in oxygen concentration shown in the graph above?
The water becomes colder at night and thus holds more oxygen.
Respiration in most organisms increases at night.
More organisms are respiring at night than during the day.
Photosynthesis produces more oxygen than is consumed by respiration during the day.
3.5: Carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of photosynthesis directly require
light
products of the light-dependent reactions
darkness
chlorophyll and CO2
3.5: The energy required to run the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis comes from which two substances produced during the light-dependent reactions?
ATP and NADPH
ADP and PO4
H+ and PO2
O2 and CO2
3.6: During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of
potassium against a concentration gradient
protons down a concentration gradient
electrons against a concentration gradient
electrons through a channel
3.6: Which of the following best describes the function
of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic
cellular respiration?
They participate in hydrolysis reactions by
accepting protons from water molecules.
They participate directly in the
phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.
They serve as final electron acceptors in the
electron transport chain.
They accept electrons during oxidation-reduction
reactions.
3.6: Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without oxygen?
The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen.
Electron transport is reduced in the absence of a plasma membrane.
In the absence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation produces more ATP than does fermentation.
In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis produces more ATP than in the absence of oxygen.
3.6: Students in a class measured the mass of various living organisms. They then kept the organisms in the dark for 24 hours before remeasuring them. None of the organisms were provided with nutrients during the 24-hour period. The data are as follows. Which of the following best explains the pattern in change in mass exhibited by the organisms?
Water loss due to evaporation
Cellular respiration
The law of conservation of matter
Growth & reproduction
3.6: The reactions of glycolysis occur in the
cytosol
mitochondrial matrix
inner mitochondrial membrane
outer mitochondrial membrane
4.1: Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling?
Cell signaling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells.
Cell signaling has largely been replaced by other cell functions in higher mammals.
Similar cell signaling pathways in diverse eukaryotes are evidence of conserved evolutionary processes
Cell signaling functions mainly during early developmental stages.
4.1: Ethylene is an organic compound produced by ripening fruits. In a controlled experiment, researchers found that ethylene gas stimulated the ripening process in newly harvested fruits. Which of the following describes the most likely connection between natural ethylene production and fruit ripening?
As a result of metabolic inactivity, newly harvested fruits are unable to absorb ethylene gas from the atmosphere.
Ethylene gas is a chemical signal through which ripening fruits trigger the ripening process in other fruits.
Because of normal phenotypic variation, only some of the fruits in a given generation are expected to produce ethylene gas.
The rate of ethylene gas production by ripening fruits is an indicator of the relative age of an ecosystem.
4.1: Precise regulation of specific hormone levels is required for optimal sperm production in mammals, as summarized in the figure above. Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic variants of testosterone that are sometimes abused by persons who desire to enhance their athletic performance or alter their physique. Assuming that AAS function in the same way as naturally occurring testosterone, it is most likely that long-term abuse of AAS would
stimulate FSH secretion
stimulate testosterone production
stimulate LH secretion
reduce sperm production
4.2: The figure above shows a model of a ligand precursor being cleaved to produce an active ligand that binds to a specific receptor. Which of the following is most likely to reduce the binding of the active ligand to its receptor?
A change in the cytoskeletal attachment of transmembrane proteins
The presence of a large amount of the precursor form of the ligand
An increase in the ratio of the number of unsaturated to the number of saturated fatty acid tails of the membrane lipids
A mutation in the receptor gene that causes a substitution of a charged amino acid for a non-polar amino acid in the ligand binding site of the receptor
4.5: The endocrine system incorporates feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. Which of the following demonstrates negative feedback by the endocrine system?
During labor, the fetus exerts pressure on the uterine wall, inducing the production of oxytocin, which stimulates uterine wall contraction. The contractions cause the fetus to further push on the wall, increasing the production of oxytocin.
After a meal, blood glucose levels become elevated, stimulating beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin into the blood. Excess glucose is then converted to glycogen in the liver, reducing blood glucose levels.
At high elevation, atmospheric oxygen is more scarce. In response to signals that oxygen is low, the brain decreases an individual’s rate of respiration to compensate for the difference.
A transcription factor binds to the regulatory region of a gene, blocking the binding of another transcription factor required for expression.
