sounds like dub

it is due to closure of A-V valves

due to closure of SL valves

sounds like dub

middle third of diastole

it is due to inrushing blood from atria causing ventricles to vibrate

occurs during atrial systole

it is due to atrial contraction with blood flowing into the ventricle

turbulence during rapid filling of the diastolic phase

stronger contraction of the atrium during atrial systole

located at the second ICS along right parasternal line

located at second left ICS along left parasternal line

found at fifth left ICS along midclavicular line

located at left side of xiphisternal junction

a systolic murmur heard at the fifth left ICS along midclavicular line

it is the loudest murmur

it is the weakest murmur

systolic murmur in the 2nd ICS right parasternal border

diastolic murmur heard at the fifth ICS midclavicular line

the sound of _____________ is transmitted to the chest wall mainly through the left ventricle to the apex of the heart

mitral regurgitation causes high frequency 'blowing', swishing sound occurring during systole

in mitral regurgitation, blood flows backward thru mitral valve into left atrium during systole

this causes a blowing murmur of relatively high pitch with a swishing quality

aortic regurgitation can be heard maximally over the left ventricle

because pressure in left arium rarely reaches 35mmhg the abnormal sounds in mitral stenosis are usually weak & very low frequency

mitral stenosis compensated stage

mitral stenosis decompensated stage

left to right shunt; acyanotic

a hole in the intraventricular septum

characteristic of intraventricular septal defect except:

left to right shunt; acyanotic

has a large patent foramen ovale

characteristic of interatrial septal defect except:

right to left shunt; cyanotic

characteristics of tetralogy of fallot except

components of tetralogy of fallot

shock is an inadequate tissue perfusion w/a relatively or absolutely inadequate cardiac output

the amount of fluid in the vascular system is inadequate to fill it

inadequate pumping of the heart as a result of myocardial abnormalities

obstruction of blood flow in the lungs or heart

Which of the following is a component of Tetralogy of Fallot?

An 18 y.o. female patient has had a murmur since birth and has exertional dyspnea. On P.E.: normal vital signs, no clubbing nor cyanosis, clear breath sounds, diffuse apical impulse with a thrill at the mid-left sternal border, normal S1 and S2, machinery murmur loudest at the upper left sternal border

The following congenital heart defects would result to dilated left atrium and left ventricle, except:

A 32 year old female was recently diagnosed with atrial septal defect, secundum type. There was fixed splitting of S2. A systolic murmur was heard at the 2^nd ICS left parasternal murmur. This murmur is due to which of the following?

Turbulent flow of blood thru damaged valves produces audible murmurs and palpable thrills. Which of the following causes the loudest systolic murmur

special features of septic shock

examples of that causes obstructive shock except:

examples of diseases that cause cardiogenic shock

examples of diseases that causes distributive shock

diseases that cause hypovolemic shock

Release of which of the following substances causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability during anaphylactic shock?

During examination of a 62-year-old man, you put your stethoscope on the left 5th intercostal space, slightly below the nipple, and heard for a clearly audible murmur. You know it must be associated with severe stenosis of which heart valve?

The sound associated with tricuspid stenosis (narrowing) in a 40-year-old male would be best heard at which location on the anterior chest wall?

The heart sound associated with the aortic valve is best heard:

The most important control system for rapid BP control?

The tendency for turbulent flow is greatest in which of the following?

released by parasympathetic stimulation and has a direct effect to dilate the coronary arteries.

most frequent cause of diminished coronary blood flow

It is believed that ischemia causes the muscle to release acidic substances, such as lactic acid, or other pain-promoting products, such as histamine, kinins, or cellular proteolytic enzymes, that are not removed rapidly enough by the slowly moving coronary blood flow.

The pain is frequently described as hot, pressing, and constricting; it is of such quality that it usually makes the patient stop all unnecessary body activity and come to a complete state of rest.

block sympathetic beta-adrenergic receptors, which prevents sympathetic enhancement of heart rate and cardiac metabolism during exercise or emotional episodes

Removes a section of subcutaneous vein from an arm or leg and then grafting this vein from the root of the aorta to the side of a peripheral coronary artery beyond the atherosclerotic blockage point

in angina pectoris, cardiac pain is felt from progressive constriction of their coronary arteries which begins to appear whenever the load on the heart becomes too great in relation to the available coronary blood flow

"Coronary steal" syndrome happens when most of the blood flowing into the coronary vessels to flow through the normal muscle tissue, thus leaving little blood to flow through the small anastomotic channels into the ischemic area so that the ischemic condition worsens

There are two especially dangerous periods after coronary infarction during which fibrillation is most likely to occur

Many people who die of coronary occlusion die because of sudden ventricular fibrillation.

The tendency to develop fibrillation is especially great after a small infarction, but fibrillation can sometimes occur after small occlusions as well.

coronary shock happens when the heart becomes incapable of contracting with sufficient force to pump enough blood into the peripheral arterial tree,

blood flow supply of coronary sinus

blood flow supply of right coronary artery

major effects that occur during exercise except:

Increase in blood flow during exercise is caused mainly by chemicals that cause dilation to the muscle arterioles

Factors that maintain increased capillary blood flow during exercise

The circulating norepinephrine acts on the muscle vessels to cause a vasodilator effect similar to that caused by direct sympathetic nerve stimulation.