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DNA Repair

Total questions: 117

Worksheet time: 2hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following mechanisms will remove uracil and incorporate the correct base?

a)

Direct repair

b)

Base excision repair

c)

Mismatch repair

d)

Nucleotide excision repair

2.

DNA damage caused by alkylating agents is repaired by which mechanism?

a)

Nucleotide excision repair

b)

Single stranded basic repair

c)

Double stranded break repair

d)

Mismatch repair

3.

Difference between global genomic (GG) & transcription coupled (TC) nucleotide excision repair?

a)

In TC repair an staled RNA polymerase is identified

b)

In GG repair an staled RNA polymerase is dentified

c)

GG uses CSA and CSB before XPA

d)

TC uses CSA and CSB before XPA

4.

What is the main enzyme that plays the major role in formation of thymine dimer?

a)

a) DNA glycosylase

b)

b) DNA photolyase

c)

c) DNA gyrase

d)

d) DNA ligase

5.

In SOS repair system cleavage of LexA and UmuD is mediated by ___________

a)

a) RecB

b)

b) RecA

c)

c) RecC

d)

d) UvrA

6.

In the following compounds which are involved in nucleotide excision repair?

a)

a) UvrA, UvrB, UvrC

b)

b) UvrC, UvrD

c)

c) Uvr C, XPA, XPD

d)

d) XPA, XPC, XPD, XPG

7.

In mismatch repair mechanism which of the following protein recognizes DNA mismatches in genomic DNA?

a)

Mut H

b)

Mut S

c)

Mut L

d)

UVR A

8.

The activity of AP endonuclease is seen in

a)

Base excision repair

b)

nucleotide excision repair

c)

mismatch repair

d)

double stranded break repair

9.

Xenoderma pigmentosum in humans is associated with a mutation in

a)

photoreactivation

b)

Nucleotide excision repair

c)

Mismatch repair

d)

Base excision repair

10.

Which of the DNA repair mechanism is known as the 'cut and patch mechanism?

a)

Photoreactivation

b)

Nucleotide excision repair

c)

Base excision repair

d)

Mismatch repair

11.
Genetic recombination is the production of offspring - - - 
a)
with new combinations of genes
b)
with similar genes as their parent
c)
that are completely different from the parents
d)
that are super cute and irresistible
12.
Offspring LIKE parent = _________
Offspring DIFFERENT from parent = _________
a)
Parental : Recombinant
b)
Recombinant : Parental
c)
Linked : Unlinked
d)
Unlinked : Linked
13.
If results of recombination do NOT follow Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, genes are likely to be - - - 
a)
shuffled during meiosis
b)
linked
c)
inherited
d)
on separate chromosomes
14.
Linked genes tend to be inherited together, like freckles and red hair, because they - - - 
a)
compliment each other well
b)
are on chromosomes close together
c)
are on the same chromosome 
d)
tend to be adaptations best suited for the environments of the organism
15.
Which genes are most likely linked?
a)
genes 1 & 2
b)
genes 2 & 3
c)
genes 3 & 4
d)
genes 1 & 4
16.
The reason some linked genes may get separated during gamete formation is - - - 
a)
genes aren't on the same chromosome
b)
genes don't compliment each other well
c)
a crossing over event shuffles the genes
d)
an environmental impact forces the genes to shuffle
17.
A linkage map shows - - - 
a)
all the chromosomes lined up from largest to smallest
b)
a percentage of crossing over events
c)
a diagram of the dna
d)
none of these answers are correct
18.
On a linkage map, 1 map unit is equivalent to 1% recombination frequency.  If the map unit equivalent is 50+, this means that - - - 
a)
the genes are linked
b)
the genes are not linked
c)
the genes are not on the same chromosome
d)
the genes are too close to measure
19.

What contributes to genetic variation?

a)

crossing over

b)

law of independent assortment

c)

law of segregation

d)

gene linkage

20.

What is an exception to Mendel's law of independent assortment?

a)

crossing over

b)

gene linkage

c)

law of segregation

d)

meiosis

21.

A housefly has 6 pairs of chromosomes, how many possible combinations could be produced?

a)

12

b)

6

c)

64

d)

36

22.
What process can occur during this stage to increase genetic diversity that doesn't occur during any other stage of meiosis?
a)
independent assortment
b)
crossing over
c)
DNA replication
d)
transcription
23.
If an organism's diploid number (2n) is 46, what is its haploid (n) number?
a)
46
b)
92
c)
23
d)
2
24.
Gene A, B, and C are on the same chromosome.  Gene A separates from gene B 15% of the time and gene B separates from gene C 2% of the time. Which genes are most likely linked?
a)
A - B
b)
B - C
c)
A - C
d)
none of the above
25.
Homologous chromosomes will have similar genes on them. However, they could have different versions of these genes. These different versions are called...
a)
Mutants
b)
Recombinants
c)
Alleles
d)
Mendel's code
26.

What plant is an example of a polyploid with 8 chromosomes (8n)?

a)

Coffee

b)

Wheat

c)

Strawberry

d)

Oat

27.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
28.
What is occurring in this picture?
a)
Translation
b)
Replication
c)
Translocation
d)
Transcription
29.
One difference between DNA and RNA is that....
a)
Only RNA has the base Uracil
b)
only RNA contains the base Thymine
c)
only RNA contains the base Cytocine
d)
only RNA contained the base Guanine
30.
what does mRNA do?
a)
carry info from genes to ribosomes
b)
carry amino acids to ribosomes
c)
help with RNA splicing
d)
make up ribosomes
31.
True or false:  RNA is double-stranded.
a)
true
b)
false
c)
it depends on the type
32.
Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?
a)
C
b)
T
c)
U
d)
A
33.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
cytoplasm
d)
smooth ER
34.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
35.

What is the building block of the biomolecule, Nucleic Acid?

a)
b)
c)
d)
36.

What's the most important part of Mrs. Tackett's Syllabus you should follow?

a)

Ask for you help when you're confused

b)

No Cell Phone Policy

c)

Don't chat when a Teacher is Teaching

d)

All of the Above!!!!

37.

RNA must be edited before it can be used to make Proteins, what happens during this editing process?

a)

A spliceosome cuts out exons

b)

A spliceosome cuts out the introns

c)

A splicesome pairs nucleotides with the DNA base pairs

d)

The RNA is checked for typos

38.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
b)
RNA contains ribose and thymine
c)
RNA contains uracil and ribose
d)
RNA contains adenine and ribose
39.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
40.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
41.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

42.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

43.

What enzyme does transcription use?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

helicase

44.

Which RNA carries the message?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

45.
What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?
a)
phosphate
b)
nitrogenous base
c)
deoxyribose
d)
sugar
46.
If one strand of DNA has the sequence TTACCG, the sequence of the other strand of the same molecule will be
a)
AATGGC
b)
TTACCG
c)
AACGGC
d)
AATGGG
47.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
48.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
hexagon shape
c)
made of amino acids
d)
made of sugars
49.
DNA and RNA are macromolecules called
a)
Proteins
b)
Lipids
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
50.
DNA is a polymer made of:
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Purines
d)
Pyrimidines
51.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Duplication
d)
Mutation
52.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
53.
Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells are have the same genes. How are they able to perform specific activities?
a)
different amounts of DNA are in each cell
b)
genes are expressed differently
c)
genes are mutated in each cell
d)
the cells divide differently
54.
DNA Replication is the process of turning 1 DNA molecule into...
a)
1 DNA molecule
b)
2 DNA molecules
c)
3 DNA molecules
d)
4 DNA molecule
55.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
56.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
57.
The pictures here show the steps of DNA replication, but they are all mixed up! In which sequential order should the pictures be placed?
a)
3, 2, 1, 4
b)
2, 1, 4, 3
c)
2, 3, 1, 4
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
58.
If the percentage of DNA is made of 30% Thymine (T), what is the correct percentage of Guanine (G)?
a)
30
b)
15
c)
20
d)
60
59.
DNA polymerase is a(n)
a)
lipid in the cell membrane
b)
enzyme that builds DNA
c)
sugar that provides energy
d)
protein that makes up structure
60.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleus
61.
Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and a
a)
nitrogenous base
b)
nucleic acid
c)
cholesterol
d)
fatty acid
62.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine (A) present is always equal to the amount of
a)
Cytosine (C)
b)
Guanine (G)
c)
Thymine (T)
d)
Uracil (U)
63.
DNA codes for...
a)
cholesterol
b)
proteins
c)
fatty acids
d)
sugars
64.
DNA replication occurs during all of the following EXCEPT:
a)
during growth
b)
to replace dying cells
c)
during cell repair after injury
d)
when cells need more DNA
65.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three. Because you are re-using the old (or parent) strand, DNA replication is said to be:

a)

semi-conservative

b)

semi-discontinuous

c)

continuous

d)

fully conserved

66.

What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds the DNA?

a)

Helicase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

RNA Polymerase

67.

Match the nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA)


Adenine bonds with:

a)

Thymine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

68.

Match the nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA)


Cytosine bonds with:

a)

Thymine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

69.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free/new nucleotides to the replicating DNA?

a)

Helicase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

RNA Polymerase

70.

Which is the first step in DNA Replication?

a)

Helicase unzips the original DNA strand

b)

DNA Polymerase builds new strands by bringing in new nucleotide bases.

c)

RNA Primase lays down an RNA primer

d)

Ligase seals the gaps between the fragments

e)

DNA Polymerase changes the RNA primer to DNA nucleotides

71.
What is a sequence?
a)
A short repeating pattern that goes up or down in step.
b)
All the white and black keys on a keyboard in order
c)
All parts are silent
d)
Happy and bright sounding notes
72.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
73.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
74.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
75.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Insertion
c)
Inversion
d)
Translocation
76.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
77.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
78.
What is shown in the diagram shown?
a)
DAN
b)
RAN
c)
DNA
d)
RNA
79.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
80.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
81.
Identify the SUBSTITUTION mutation from the following DNA sequence: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)
ATC CA  AT
d)
ATG CCA AAT
82.
Identify the DELETION mutation from the following DNA sequence: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)
ATC CA  AT
d)
ATG CCA AAT
83.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
84.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
85.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
86.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
87.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
88.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
89.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
90.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
91.
Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?
a)
DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand
b)
DNA is unwound
c)
Hydrogen bonds form between bases
d)
chromosomes condense
92.
Which of the following is required for DNA replication to occur?
a)
DNA helicase
b)
DNA ligase
c)
DNA polymerase
d)
all of these
93.
During replication, what enzyme adds complimentary bases?
a)
helicase
b)
synthesase
c)
ligase
d)
polymerase
94.

Which enzyme is responsible for forming phosphodiester bonds between the Okazaki fragments?

a)

Ligase

b)

Helicase

c)

DNA Polymerase 1

d)

DNA Polymerase 3

95.

Direction that DNA is replicated

a)

3' to 5'

b)

5' to 3'

96.

Direction that DNA is READ?

a)

3' to 5'

b)

5' to 3'

97.

The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape?

a)

enzyme

b)

unzip

c)

A replication fork

98.
What strand is copied faster?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
99.

Structure C is

a)

helicase

b)

primase

c)

DNA polymerase III

d)

gyrase

100.

H is the

a)

leading strand

b)

lagging strand

c)

parent strand

d)

none of these

101.

Structure G is

a)

primase

b)

gyrase

c)

DNA polymerase III

d)

DNA polymerase I

102.

Replication is occurring AWAY FROM the replication fork on strand

a)

I, the leading strand

b)

I, the lagging strand

c)

H, the leading strand

d)

H, the lagging strand

103.

This structure is an Okazaki fragment.

a)

A

b)

D

c)

F

d)

G

104.

Built models to determine that DNA was a double helix shape with base pairs A-T and G-C in rungs between the sugar/phosphate backbone of DNA.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

105.

Worked on DNA imaging techniques and published Franklin's x-ray crystallography image of DNA

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

106.

Provided clear x-ray crystallography images of DNA

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

107.

One of the first scientists to use x-ray crystallography to observe DNA, hypothesized that there was a helix shape

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

108.

Discovered that there was the same amount of A and T in a cell, and C and G in a cell.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

109.

Using x-ray diffraction to determine the structure of a crystal, such as DNA

a)

x-ray crystallography

b)

gas chromatography

c)

chromatography

d)

gel electrophoresis

110.

A pair of parallel strands that twist together about an axis

a)

nucleotide

b)

double helix

c)

base pair

d)

esther bonds

111.

basic structural unit of DNA. Examples: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

a)

nucleotide

b)

phosphate

c)

ribose sugar

d)

enzyme

112.

5 carbon sugars and phosphates linked together through chemical bonds to provide the structural framework for nucleotides

a)

chromosome

b)

nucleotide

c)

phosphate-sugar backbone

d)

enzyme

113.

Base pairs (correctly matched)

a)

A-G and C-T

b)

A-C and G-T

c)

A-T and G-C

d)

C-A and T-G

114.

made up of a long strand of DNA that is bonded to proteins in a way that makes them condense/fold to form chromosomes

a)

genetics

b)

chromosome

c)

proteins

d)

DNA

115.

a piece of a chromosome that is composed of specific nucleotide sequences of DNA

a)

chromatid

b)

nucleotide

c)

gene

d)

circular DNA

116.

REVIEW: when cells take in oxygen and glucose and convert them into water, carbon dioxide, and ATP energy

a)

DNA synthesis

b)

cellular respiration

c)

breathing

d)

photosynthesis

117.

REVIEW: The property of water that allows for plants to carry water from the soil, through roots and stems, to leaves

a)

pH (neutral, acidic, basic)

b)

hydrogen bonding (adhesion, cohesion)

c)

polarity (soluble, insoluble)

d)

temperature (high heat capacity, solid water's density)

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