Underpinning is to transfer building load from existing lower depth to higher depth

Which of the followings are reasons for underpinning operation?

Which of the followings underpinning technique are suitable for both strip foundation and pad foundation

The statement "to prevent fracture or damage of the wall, the underpinning work should always be carried out in short lengths called legs or bays" is describing ...

This type of underpinning is quiet, vibration free and flexible since the underpin depth can be adjusted to suit subsoil conditions encountered.

This type of underpinning can be used where the condition of the existing foundation is unsuitable or badly damage

This type of underpinning enables the wall to be underpinned in a continuous run without the need for needles or shoring

This type of underpinning use bored pile as part of its new supporting structure

Which of the following diagram showing needle and pile underpinning technique

Which of the following diagram showing Pynford stool underpinning technique

Which of the following diagram showing Jack pile underpinning technique

The diagram is showing ...