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USHC-4 SC EOC Review

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner the American frontier is responsible for what American characteristics?

a)

rugged individualism

b)

political democracy

c)

economic mobility

d)

all of the above

2.

Besides Native Americans the west was settled by what people groups?

a)

Chinese immigrants

b)

Mexicans (many of whom would become citizens with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)

c)

Recently freed African Americans

d)

All of the above.

3.

Which of the following is the best example of an oversimplified reason for the settlement of the west?

a)

Rugged American Individualism

b)

Government sponsored programs to spur settlement such as the Homestead Act.

c)

Government intervention to remove Native Americans to reservations.

d)

Government subsidies for various western railroad lines.

4.

Which two reasons are railroads responsible for Western settlement?

a)

Without Railroads there would be no way to bring crops & livestock to market

b)

Railroads made life in the West possibly by supplying individuals.

c)

Without Railroads there would be no way to communicate with the rest of the country.

d)

Railroads made life in the West possible as they were the greatest source of water.

5.

Which two reasons were presented by Crash Course as the reasons for the progressive removal of Native American populations in the West?

a)

Economic - Many Native American lands were home to rare minerals or needed for railroads.

b)

Racial Imperative

c)

Social Darwinism

d)

Religious - Many Americans felt the Native Americans were godless savages.

6.

Which two American Generals are known for their harsh tactics in fighting the Native Americans?

a)

Philip H. Sheridan

b)

William Tecumseh Sherman

c)

Nathan Bedford Forrest

d)

Ulysses S. Grant

7.

Which animal essential to the life of many Native Americans was hunted to near extinction due to Western expansion?

a)

Buffalo

b)

Elk

c)

Mule Deer

d)

Mountain Goats

8.

What Native American spiritual movement was an alternative form of resistance to western expansion?

a)

The Ghost Dance movement

b)

Dog Soldiers

c)

Conversation to Catholicism

d)

All of the above

9.

What notable Native American victory saw the complete destruction of the U.S. cavalry force led by George Custard?

a)

The Battle of Little Bighorn

b)

Wounded Knee Massacre

c)

Battle of Fort Laramie

d)

Fort Dodge

10.

When had the majority of Native Americans been subdued in the American West?

a)

1890

b)

1860

c)

1900

d)

1924

11.

Which of the following phrases best describes the practice of boarding schools such as the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania?

a)

"Kill the Indian, save the man."

b)

"The only good Indian is a dead Indian."

c)

"The White man has kept only one promise. He would take our land and he took it."

d)

"The Indian has no place in a white man's world."

12.

What was the primary purpose of the iconic cattle drives by cowboys?

a)

Move cattle to railroad hubs to be shipped to eastern meat markets.

b)

Move cattle across the great plains to experience the wild west.

c)

Move cattle to seasonal grasslands.

d)

All of the above.

13.

What innovation ended the practice of open range ranching?

a)

Barbwire

b)

Railroads

c)

The light bulb

d)

The internal combustion engine

14.

Much of the water needed for great plains agriculture comes from

a)

Irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer

b)

Irrigation from the Great Lakes

c)

Irrigation from the Gulf Coast

d)

All of the Above

15.

By 1900 California was home to giant commercial farms dependent on irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and immigrant labor. This type of farming can best be described as

a)

Agrobusiness

b)

Big Business

c)

Social Darwinism

d)

Trickle Down Economic

16.

In the late 19th Century family farms found themselves competing with?

a)

Agribusiness - Large scale farms often owned by corporations.

b)

Foreign farmers

c)

Increasingly lower food prices

d)

All of the above

17.

Widespread industrialization in the U.S. is largely due to?

a)

The Civil War

b)

The policies of Andrew Jackson

c)

Reconstruction

d)

Progressive policies

18.

The Civil War improved the national finance system through?

a)

the forced introduction of a national currency (greenback).

b)

the forced introduction of large scale government spending programs such as the new deal.

c)

large scale national infrastructure projects.

d)

large scale social welfare programs.

19.

Which means and methods of infrastructure did the Civil War make widespread?

a)

The Transpacific Railroad

b)

Telegraph Communications Networks

c)

National Highways

d)

Telephone Communications Networks

20.

America's economic success can be best summed up by?

a)

Geography, Demography, & Law

b)

Oppression, Racism, and the facade of Law

c)

Capitals, Collectivism, Corruption

d)

Gerard Depardieu & Lohan

21.

What geographic qualities insured the U.S.'s industrial success?

a)

Its large size.

b)

Essential natural resources for industry such as coal, iron, oil, and water.

c)

Plentiful amounts of food.

d)

All of the above.

22.

What demographic factor contributed to the U.S.'s economic and industrial success?

a)

Large scale immigration.

b)

Limited immigration.

c)

A homogeneous population.

d)

A segregated population

23.

Which American city was the major center for commerce and finance?

a)

New York

b)

Chicago

c)

Pittsburg

d)

St. Louis

24.

During this era the industrial heartland of America was in what geographic region?

a)

The Great Lakes region.

b)

New England

c)

The South

d)

The West Coast

25.

Which American city was the major center for the production of iron?

a)

New York

b)

Chicago

c)

Pittsburg

d)

St. Louis

26.

Which are ways the American (law) government supported Industrial growth?

a)

The U.S. constitution protects patents.

b)

A supreme court which interpreted the law in a very business friendly way.

c)

Government protection of big business via tariffs and massive land grants while removing Native Americans.

d)

All of the above.

27.

Industrial capitalists are seen as both heroes and villains of American Industry. Which terms best apply to them?

a)

Captains of Industry

b)

Robber Barons

c)

Scalawags

d)

Carpetbaggers

28.

What organizational innovations were made by the "Captains of Industry" or "Robber Barons"?

a)

Pools or trusts to limit competition and maximize profit.

b)

Vertical integration, buying up all aspects of the production process.

c)

Horizontal integration, the buying up of all smaller competitors.

d)

All of the above.

29.

Which "captain of industry" or "robber baron" became the wealthiest man of all time due to his company's oil monopoly?

a)

Cornelius Vanderbilt

b)

Andrew Carnegie

c)

Leland Stanford

d)

John D. Rockefeller

30.

This company owned by John D. Rockefeller was known for this vertical and horizontal integration which allowed it to control 90% of American Oil at one point before its monopoly was broken up by the supreme court.

a)

Sears-Roebuck

b)

Macy's

c)

Amazon

d)

Standard Oil

31.

The giant of finance from this time was

a)

JP Morgan

b)

Samuel Chase

c)

Leland Stanford

d)

John D. Rockefeller

32.

Though the standards of living and wages were some of the highest in the world who often benefited least from the industrial growth?

a)

Industrial workers

b)

Consumers

c)

Middle managers

d)

Captains of industry or robber barons

33.

Which of the following describes the common conditions of industrial workers at the time in the U.S.?

a)

60 hour work weeks.

b)

Limited protections such as pensions or workers competition.

c)

The most dangerous in the world at the time.

d)

All of the above.

34.

The response to hazardous working conditions and market insecurities due to booms and busts industrial workers began to form what during this era?

a)

Forming unions such as the Knights of Labor.

b)

Conducting violent strikes which spread throughout the U.S.

c)

Forming political Anarchist parties.

d)

All of the above

35.

Which event destroyed the credibility of the organized labor movement spearheaded by the Knights of Labor Union?

a)

The Haymarket Riot

b)

The Great Strike

c)

Homestead Strike

d)

Pullman Strike

36.

Which of the following best describes using the idea of "survival of the fittest" to justify which the poor are poor and why the rich are rich during this time?

a)

Social Darwinism

b)

Darwinism

c)

Existentialism

d)

Post Modern

37.

Which of the following was a strategy used by businesses to stay competitive in the marketplace?

a)

Low wages for workers.

b)

Long hours for workers.

c)

Little regard for working conditions

d)

All of the above

38.

During the Progressive Era there was a growing distrust for collaboration of businessmen & large companies known as ____ which people felt were exerting too much power over peoples lives.

a)

Trusts

b)

Unions

c)

Associations

d)

Gilds

39.

This form of journalism including the likes of Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida Tarbell, during the Progressive era who tried to expose the problems that existed in American society as a result of the rise of big business, urbanization, and immigration

a)

Muckrakers

b)

Yellow Journalism

c)

Fake News

d)

All of the above

40.

Upton Sinclair stated, "I aimed for the heart but hit them in the stomach" when discussing what novel he wrote about the meat packing industry in Chicago. What is the name of the novel?

a)

The Jungle

b)

Bartleby the Scrivener

c)

Metamorphosis

d)

A Century of Dishonor

41.

What reforms did The Jungle by Upton Sinclair lead to?

a)

The Pure Food and Drug Act

b)

The Meat Inspection Act

c)

Sherman Antitrust Act

d)

All of the Above

42.

Lewis Hine brought attention to what practice in the American labor market?

a)

Child labor

b)

Immigrant labor

c)

Working conditions in meat factories

d)

Working conditions in sweatshops

43.

Lewis Hine brought attention child labor through what method?

a)

Photography

b)

Film

c)

Radio

d)

Vaudeville

44.

Which business owner revolutionized his industry with the advent of the assembly line and high wages for workers which allowed them to purchase more consumer goods?

a)

Henry Ford

b)

Thomas Edison

c)

Charles Lindbergh

d)

Harvey Firestone

45.

While Henry Ford is an icon of progressive business what are some of Ford's negative attributes?

a)

Anti-semitic

b)

Virulently antiunion

c)

Used spies in his factories

d)

All of the above

46.

What radically socialist labor union formed during the Progressive Era, also known as the Wobblies, advocated for "every wage-worker, no matter what his religion, fatherland or trade".

a)

The International Works of the World (IWW)

b)

The Knights of Labor

c)

The Grange Movement

d)

The Free Soil Party

47.

In the West farmers angry about freight rates formed what movement to form fair railroad rates and warehouse charges?

a)

Grange movement

b)

Nativist movement

c)

Democratic movement

d)

Anarchist movement

48.

The Grange movement would grow into what political party?

a)

People's or Populist Party

b)

Bull Moose Party

c)

American Party

d)

Liberty Party

49.

This Populist candidate said, “Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”

a)

William Jennings Bryant

b)

William McKinley

c)

Clarence Darrow

d)

Mark Twain

50.

What government program begun in 1862 led to more than a million land claims in the West?

a)

The Homestead Act

b)

The Pacific Railroad Act

c)

The Indian Removal Act

d)

The Chinese Exclusion Act

51.

Why was the demand for agricultural products increasing in the U.S. in the mid-late 19th century?

a)

The growth of cities.

b)

The growth of the midwest.

c)

Reconstruction in the South.

d)

The growth of the west coast.

52.

Which two states best describe the U.S. at the beginning of the 20th century?

a)

Industrial power.

b)

Urban

c)

Rural

d)

Agrarian

53.

What was and still is the populous city at the turn of the 20th century?

a)

New York

b)

Chicago

c)

St. Louis

d)

L.A.

54.

Despite nearly burning to the ground in 1871, which American city became the second most populous city?

a)

New York

b)

Chicago

c)

St. Louis

d)

L.A.

55.

What phenomenon is most responsible for the population boom during this time period in the U.S.?

a)

Immigration

b)

Advances in birth control

c)

Increased agricultural production

d)

All of the above

56.

Which immigrant group moved to the U.S. in massive numbers in the 1840's due to a natural disaster in their country and largely settled in cities?

a)

The Irish

b)

Germans

c)

British

d)

Jews

57.

Which immigrant group also moved to the U.S. in massive numbers in the 1840's largely due to the aborted revolutions of the time and would settle predominantly in the midwest?

a)

The Irish

b)

Germans

c)

British

d)

Jews

58.

What job opportunity did many women prefer as it gave them defined hours and freedom in the evenings?

a)

Factory work

b)

Domestic work

c)

Office work

d)

Stay at home mothering

59.

What industry did German immigrants such as Frederick Pabst, Joseph Schlitz, and Adolphus Busch help create in the U.S.?

a)

The brewing (beer) industry

b)

The wine industry

c)

The meat industry

d)

The pizza industry

60.

By the 1980's more than half of the immigrants to the U.S. came from?

a)

Southern (Italy) & Eastern Europe (Austo-Hungrian & Russian Empire)

b)

Northern Europe (Norway)

c)

South America

d)

Africa

61.

Which best describes the immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe?

a)

Catholic or Orthodox

b)

Jewish

c)

Islamic

d)

Protestant

62.

Immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe faced what upon entering the U.S.?

a)

Discrimination due to new "scientific theories"

b)

Discrimination due to the growing Catholic majority

c)

Discrimination due to the lack of industrial jobs.

d)

Discrimination due to the lack of agrarian opportunities.

63.

What immigrant group on the west coast was heavily discriminated against in the mid-late 19th century?

a)

The Chinese

b)

The Irish

c)

Eastern Europeans

d)

Southern Europeans

64.

What congressional act greatly reduced Chinese immigration to the U.S.?

a)

Chinese Exclusion Act

b)

The Homestead Act

c)

Pacific Railroad Act

d)

Chinese Inclusion Act

65.

Which Supreme Court case ruled that American born children of Chinese immigrants were U.S. citizens due to the 14th Amendment?

a)

U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark

b)

Yick Wo v. Hopkins

c)

Plessy v. Ferguson

d)

Scott v. Sandford

66.

Which other locations in the western hemisphere also saw large scale immigration at the turn of the 20th century?

a)

Canada

b)

The Caribbean

c)

South America

d)

All the above

67.

Who was the biggest fan of immigration?

a)

Big business

b)

Nativist

c)

Industrial workers

d)

Rural farmers

68.

What is the name of the over crowded, unsafe, and filthy apartment buildings which immigrants often lived in?

a)

Tenements

b)

High rise

c)

Row Houses

d)

Shotgun houses

69.

Improved transportation led to what outcome according to Crash Course?

a)

Increased housing segregation.

b)

Increased housing integration.

c)

A decrease in pollution.

d)

A decrease in overcrowding.

70.

This organization works to win local elections through corruption, intimidation, and providing social welfare to buy votes.

a)

Political Machine

b)

Political Caucus

c)

Political Think Tanks

d)

Political Enterprise

71.

The most famous political machine based in New York during the Gilded Age was?

a)

Tammany Hall

b)

The Democratic Party

c)

Good Old Boys

d)

Cracker Party

72.

Who was the well known boss of Tammany Hall?

a)

William M. "Boss" Tweed

b)

Boss James McManes

c)

Richard J. Dailey

d)

James Michael Curley

73.

What was a positive of political machines?

a)

They often provided for those most in need within the community.

b)

They often provided awards (kickbacks) to those who were loyal.

c)

They keep communities segregated for the well being of races.

d)

They keep immigrants informed pending immigration raids.

74.

What did the political machine want in return for helping the poorest individuals?

a)

Votes

b)

Money

c)

Resources

d)

Muscle

75.

According to Crash Course progressives were most concerned with

a)

social programs & reforming society.

b)

international relations & forming stronger International trade.

c)

economic programs & reforming Wall street.

d)

environmental concern & reforming industrial practices.

76.

The Progressive Era overlapped with what other era in American History?

a)

The Gilded Age

b)

The Era of Good Feelings

c)

The Antebellum Period

d)

Reconstruction

77.

Which of the following was a strategy used by businesses to stay competitive in the marketplace?

a)

Low wages for workers.

b)

Long hours for workers.

c)

Little regard for working conditions

d)

All of the above

78.

During the Progressive Era there was a growing distrust for collaboration of businessmen & large companies known as ____ which people felt were exerting too much power over peoples lives.

a)

Trusts

b)

Unions

c)

Associations

d)

Gilds

79.

The phenomenon is best illustrated by the picture above and the following quote, "____ became the foundation for a new understanding of freedom as access to the cornucopia of goods made available by modern capitalism."

a)

Consumer culture

b)

Clan Culture

c)

Market Culture

d)

Hierarchy Culture

80.

During this time many progressive thinkers felt Industrial Capitalism with its exploitation of labor and concentration of wealth, was?

a)

Limiting rather increasing freedom.

b)

Increasing rather than limited freedom.

81.

The scientific workplace management advocated by Frederick W. Taylor was focused on?

a)

Efficiency

b)

Productivity

c)

Limited pollution

d)

Ergonomics

82.

"Taylorism", the study of efficiency, found its way into?

a)

classrooms

b)

daily life

c)

recreation

d)

places of worship

83.

Progressive movements were most successful at what level of government?

a)

State & Local

b)

Federal

84.

The local collectivist investment during the 19th century best reflects the increased popularity of what "19th Century-ism" during the Progressive Era in America?

a)

Socialism

b)

Communists

c)

Romanticism

d)

Feminism

85.

The 17th amendment allowed for

a)

Senators to be elected directly by the people rather than state legislatures.

b)

the participation fo African Americans in elections.

c)

Native Americans to be counted as United States Citizens

d)

the ban of alcohol nationwide.