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Weathering, Erosion, & Soil Review

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Soil particles from largest to smallest.

a)

Gravel, Sand, Silt, Clay

b)

Silt, Sand, Gravel, Clay

c)

Clay, Gravel, Silt, Sand

d)

Gravel, Clay, Sand, Silt

2.

Protecting soil from erosion by contour farming, using trees as wind breaks, & planting cover crops .

a)

Soil Conversations

b)

Soil Conservation

c)

Soil Salinity

d)

Soil Restoration

3.

Which force of erosion primarily creates and moves sand dunes.

a)

Wind

b)

Rivers

c)

Glaciers

d)

Gravity

4.

What is the process where rocks are broken down?

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Glaciation

5.

Which factor(s) cause weathering?

a)

Water

b)

Waves

c)

Wind

d)

Gravity

e)

All of the above

6.

Which weathering has water freeze in the cracks and wedges it apart because water expands when it freezes?

a)

Frost Wedging (Freeze thaw)

b)

Abrasion

c)

Plant root growth

d)

Exfoliation

7.

Which type of weathering changes the composition of rocks as they are broken down by water, oxygen, or acids?

a)

Abrasion

b)

Physical weathering

c)

Chemical weathering

d)

Mechanical weathering

8.

Oxidation forms ___ when iron is exposed to oxygen

a)

Water

b)

Carbon

c)

Rust

d)

Bubbles

9.

What does the oxidation of 3 Billion-year-old rock layers indicate about Earth's ancient atmosphere?

a)

Life did not exist

b)

Carbon Dioxide was present

c)

The climate was hotter & wetter

d)

Oxygen was present

10.

Weathering rates are faster in _____ climates.

a)

Warm and dry

b)

Dry and Cold

c)

Warm and wet

d)

Dry and wet

11.

In streams and rivers, which will NOT cause severe erosion?

a)

Steep gradient

b)

High velocity

c)

Low velocity

d)

Large discharge

12.

Landslides, mudflows, and rock slides are likely to be triggered by:

a)

Steep slopes

b)

Heavy rainfall

c)

Earthquakes

d)

All of these factors

13.
Soil is made of
a)
weathered rocks and minerals
b)
dead plants and animals
c)
air and water
d)
all of the above
14.

The layer of soil which the topsoil is found.

a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon B

c)

Horizon C

d)

Horizon D or R

15.

A rock containing iron is soft, crumbly, reddish in color. It's been chemically weathered by__.

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Oxygen

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Sulfur

16.
The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
deposition
d)
dumptruck
17.
These rocks were made smooth by wind blowing smaller rock particles across their surface.  This is an example of:
a)
ice wedging
b)
chemical weathering
c)
acid rain
d)
abrasion
18.
These gravestones have slowly broken down and turned a blackish color due to the action of:
a)
ice wedging
b)
abrasion
c)
acid rain
d)
mechanical weathering
19.
A cliff formed near the ocean.  Which statement best describes how this cliff formed?
a)
Warm air melted the rock.
b)
Sun rays evaporated the rock.
c)
Ocean waves washed away rock.
d)
Plant roots pushed away the rock.
20.

Which of the following actions causes the deposition of sand at a delta?

a)

river water slowing as it enters the ocean

b)

salt water & fresh water mixing together

c)

ocean waves transporting sand toward land

d)

ocean water slowing as it reaches the coast

21.

Which method is NOT used to help prevent erosion?

a)

Planting vegetation

b)

Using retention ponds

c)

Contour plowing and terracing

d)

Planting trees to break the wind

22.
decayed organic matter in soil
a)
abrasion
b)
exfoliation
c)
humus
d)
erosion
23.

When sediment is dropped off or put down in a new location it builds the land up and it is called....

a)

deposition

b)

weathering

c)

erosion

24.

A rock falling and breaking into smaller pieces is mechanical or chemical weathering?

a)

mechanical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

25.

Limestone reacting/dissolving in acid is mechanical or chemical weathering?

a)

mechanical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

26.

A sidewalk breaking due to tree roots is _______ weathering?

a)

physical/mechanical

b)

chemical

c)

hydraulic

d)

oxidation

27.

The parent material of soil is...

a)

limestone

b)

bedrock

c)

oxygen

d)

fertilizer

28.
Which type of rock weathers faster?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamoprhic
29.

Which 2 agents of erosion causes landslides and mudflows?

a)

wind and waves

b)

waves and glaciers

c)

glaciers and wind

d)

gravity and increased rainfall

30.
The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are - 
a)
carbon dioxide and acid rain
b)
abrasion and acids from plant roots
c)
animal actions and oxygen
d)
rock type and climate
31.

Which layer in a soil profile would be most affected by weathering & erosion

a)

C horizon

b)

B horizon

c)

R horizon

d)

A horizon

32.
What are layers of soil called?
a)
Layers
b)
Horizons
c)
Planes
d)
Strata
33.
Which is a type of chemical weathering?
a)
Abrasion
b)
Ice Wedging
c)
Acid Rain 
d)
Organic Activity
34.

A triangular shaped area of deposition at the base of a mountain is known as a/an:

a)

Flood Plain

b)

Delta

c)

Valley

d)

Alluvial fan

35.

The copper in the Statue of liberty turning green is an example of:

a)

oxidation

b)

hydrolysis

c)

acid rain

d)

abrasion

36.

When wind picks up sand and sandblasts an arch into a rock it is:

a)

carbonation

b)

abrasion

c)

hydrolysis

d)

frost wedging

37.

When mosses and lichen produce acids to break down a rock, it is:

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Physical/mechanical weathering

38.

Which is NOT an area of deposition formed by a river?

a)

Delta

b)

Alluvial fan

c)

Point bar (inside of curve/meander)

d)

Cut bank (outside of curve/meander)

39.

When chemicals and nutrients are removed as the water passes from the upper soil horizons to the lower soil horizons, it is known as:

a)

Deposition

b)

Leaching

c)

Infiltration

d)

Accretion

40.

An underground layer of permeable rock, sediment, or soil that stores water is call a(n) __________.

a)

cave

b)

divide

c)

aquifer

d)

well

41.

An aquifer contains _____ which can be extracted for use.

a)

groundwater

b)

storm water

c)

surface water

d)

wastewater

42.

The diagram below shows a cross section of land. Numbers show four zones in this diagram.

Which set of labels below accurately identifies the zones that are shown?

a)

1—groundwater zone; 2—unsaturated zone; 3—water table; 4—surface water

b)

1—unsaturated zone; 2—surface water; 3—groundwater zone; 4—water table

c)

1—water table; 2—surface water; 3—groundwater zone; 4—unsaturated zone

d)

1—unsaturated zone; 2—groundwater zone; 3—water table; 4—surface water

43.

What water cycle process is found at #6?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Runoff

c)

Infiltration

d)

Precipitation

44.

Huge amount of concrete: Does this increase runoff or infiltration?

a)

Runoff

b)

Infiltration

45.

The underground zone that is partly filled with water and partly filled with air is called...

a)

Zone of Aeration

b)

Zone of Saturation

c)

Water Table

46.

The underground zone that is completely filled with water is called...

a)

Zone of Aeration

b)

Zone of Saturation

c)

Water Table

47.

The water table separates the....

a)

Surface from the Zone of Aeration

b)

Surface from the Zone of Saturation

c)

Zone of Saturation and the impermeable rock

d)

Zone of Aeration and Zone of Saturation

48.

The amount of space between particles that make up a rock determines a rock's _____________.

a)

porosity

b)

tributary

c)

delta

d)

sponge

49.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
50.
Suppose there is a drought in this area. The level of the river drops because of it.
What else could happen here?
a)
The river will immediately rise again.
b)
The water table will rise. 
c)
The water table will fall. 
d)
A new aquifer will form.

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