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Genetics Vocabulary

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A comparison between two quantities (amounts) often written with a colon (e.g. 1:4, 2:2, 3:1) is called a __________ .

a)

probability

b)

percentage

c)

ratio

d)

equation

2.

The alternate forms or varieties of a gene for a specific trait are called ________________ .

a)

genotypes

b)

alleles

c)

genes

d)

phenotypes

3.

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism are an organism's _________________ .

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

dominant

d)

homozygous

4.

A chart used to show all the ways genes from two parents can combine and be passed to offspring is a _____________ .

a)

Pie chart

b)

Line graph

c)

Bar graph

d)

Punnett Square

5.

The basic unit of heredity that consists of a segment of DNA on a chromosome is a _______________ .

a)

chromosome

b)

double helix

c)

homozygous

d)

gene

6.

The allele whose trait is not shown when combined with a dominant form is called __________________ .

a)

gene

b)

recessive

c)

homozygous

d)

phenotype

7.

The genetic make-up of an organism; the allele combination that it has for a trait is called __________ .

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

8.

The passing of genes from parents to offspring is called _________________ .

a)

Punnett Square

b)

probability

c)

genetics

d)

heredity

9.

What is the name for the branch of biology that studies heredity?

a)

botany

b)

heredity

c)

genetics

d)

geophysics

10.

The symbols Bb represent a ____________ .

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

probability

d)

trait

11.

The trait expressed if you inherit the alleles F and f is the ____________ .

a)

genotype

b)

dominant trait

c)

recessive trait

d)

homozygous

12.

If pink flesh (P) is dominant in grapefruits over yellow flesh (p), which of the following are possible genotypes for pink grapefruit?

a)

pp and Pp

b)

PP and pp

c)

PP and Pp

d)

only pp

13.

In order for a recessive trait to be expressed,

a)

both alleles have to be recessive

b)

one allele has to be recessive

c)

one allele has to be recessive while the other is dominant

d)

both alleles have to be expressed with capital letters

14.

Which of the following is TRUE of Gregor Mendel?

a)

First person to observe bacteria.

b)

Used compound microscope to observe cells in cork bark.

c)

Explained evolution through a process of natural selection.

d)

Described how traits are passed from one generation to the next.

15.

Mendel stated that a trait is controlled by a pair of inheritable factors. What name do we now use for these inheritable factors?

a)

traits

b)

DNA

c)

heterozygous

d)

genes

16.

According to the Punnett Square, which allele codes for yellow pea pods?

a)

G

b)

g

17.

Which of the following describe's Sofie's phenotype?

a)

Ww

b)

white fur with tan patches

c)

ww

d)

homozygous

18.

Which of the following shows the correct genotype ratio?

a)

4 yellow pods : 0 green pods

b)

3 green pods : 1 yellow pods

c)

4 Yy : 0 YY : 0 yy

d)

1 YY : 2 Yy : 1 yy

19.

Which of the following are correct phenotypic traits for the pictured pea plant? (multiple answers possible)

a)

Rr and YY

b)

green pods

c)

green seeds (peas)

d)

round seeds (peas)

20.

What is the name of the phenomenon where the "dominant" allele does not fully hide the trait of the "recessive" allele in a heterozygous organism?

a)

codominance

b)

hybridization

c)

variation

d)

incomplete dominance

21.

For the pictured Punnett Square, which of the following is the correct phenotype ratio?

a)

4 yellow pods : 0 green pods

b)

100% heterozygous

c)

4 Yy : 0 YY : 0 yy

d)

4 yellow pods : 4 green pods

22.

According to the pictured Punnett Square, which of the following are TRUE? (multiple answers possible)

a)

Both parent flowers have purple petals

b)

50% of the offspring have white petals

c)

the recessive allele codes for purple petals

d)

heterozygous flowers have purple petals

23.

According to the pictured Punnett Square, which of the following are TRUE? (multiple answers possible)

a)

100% of the offspring have purple flowers

b)

50% of the offspring are homozygous

c)

75% of the offspring are heterozygous

d)

25% of the offspring are homozygous and have purple flowers

24.

Which of the following represent homozygous genotypes? (multiple answers possible)

a)

JJ

b)

Gg

c)

Nn

d)

bb

25.

Which of the following represent heterozygous genotypes? (multiple answers possible)

a)

Gg

b)

Ff

c)

qq

d)

UU

26.

In Andalusian chickens, hybrid chickens show a blended phenotype between dominant black feathers and recessive white feathers. This is _________________ .

a)

codominance

b)

a mutation

c)

Incomplete Dominance

d)

gene therapy

27.

A pea plant has a tall stem. What are its possible genotypes? (multiple answers possible)

a)

TT

b)

tt

c)

Tt

28.

Because of his scientific work and discoveries, Gregor Mendel is known as the __________ .

a)

Father of Microbiology

b)

Father of Botany

c)

Father of Genetics

d)

Father of Legumes

29.

Which of the following were traits that Mendel studied in pea plants? (multiple answers possible)

a)

seed shape

b)

pod color

c)

stem height

d)

flower color

30.

What is the genotype ratio for the pictured Punnett Square?

a)

2 Bb : 2 bb

b)

1 BB : 2 Bb : 1 bb

c)

2 black fur : 2 white fur

d)

2 BB : 2 bb

31.

If R is the dominant allele for red petals and r is the recessive allele for white petals, the Punnett Square shows which of the following?

a)

75% of offspring will have red petals

b)

25% of offspring will have red petals

c)

50% of offspring will have white petals

d)

50% of offspring will have pink petals

32.

Which of the following genotypes are homozygous? (multiple answers possible)

a)

IAIA

b)

BB

c)

Nn

d)

Tt

33.

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

a)

Gg

b)

IAIA

c)

tt

d)

BB

34.

The pictured symbol designates _________ .

a)

maleness

b)

femaleness

c)

homozygous

d)

diploid

35.

The pictured symbol designates _________ .

a)

maleness

b)

femaleness

c)

heterozygous

d)

haploid

36.

A ___________ allele is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

a)

recessive

b)

dominant

c)

heterozygous

d)

hybrid

37.

In pea plants, the allele for tall stems is dominant over the allele for short stems. Pea plants with one allele for tall stems and one allele for short stems will be ___________ .

a)

tall

b)

short

c)

medium-sized

d)

homozygous

38.

An organism's __________ is its physical appearance, or visible traits.

a)

genotype

b)

pedigree

c)

phenotype

d)

karyotype

39.

Camellia flower show ____________ . Heterozygous flowers show both the red petal allele and the white petal allele expressed equally.

a)

dominance

b)

codominance

c)

recessiveness

d)

albinism

40.

What genetics term comes from the Greek words for "joined to" and "other" ?

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

phenotype

d)

recessive

41.

The different forms of a gene are called ___________ .

a)

alleles

b)

chromosomes

c)

base pairs

d)

phenotypes

42.

The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring is called _____________ .

a)

fertilization

b)

phylogeny

c)

heredity

d)

adaptation

43.

Over the course of eight years, about how many pea plants did Gregor Mendel grow for his experiments?

a)

250

b)

2,600

c)

28,000

d)

44,000

44.

An inherited factor that controls a trait is a(n) ___________ .

a)

gene

b)

protein

c)

enzyme

d)

chromosome

45.

The gene that controls stem height in peas has one ________ for tall stems and one ________ for short stems.

a)

hybrid

b)

genotype

c)

allele

d)

telomere

46.

A ________ allele is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

a)

homozygous

b)

dominant

c)

hybrid

d)

recessive

47.

Which British geneticist created the chart that shows all of the possible allele combinations that can result from a genetic cross?

a)

Reginald Punnett

b)

Walter Sutton

c)

Francis Crick

d)

William Bateson

48.

An organism's ____________ is its genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

a)

karyotype

b)

genotype

c)

phylogeny

d)

phenotype