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WorksheetsResearch Methods
Total questions: 92
Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins
How many main approaches are there?
1
3
5
7
What is correct about Determinism
Behaviour is predictable
Behaviour is controlled by internal or external forces
Behaviour is sporadic and random
Behaviour is not a response to a stimulus
What applies to Free Will?
Not acting in response to any stimulus
An individual is capable of self-determination
Not acting in response to external or internal pressures
Doing whatever they want
What is the limitation of Determinism?
(a)
Which approaches use Determinism?
Biological
Behaviourist
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
Outline Reductionism...
(a)
Outline Holism...
(a)
Examples of Holism...
Neurotransmitters
Eye colour
Memory
Intelligence
In Nature or Nurture, what does NATURE suggest?
(a)
In Nature or Nurture, what does NURTURE suggest?
(a)
What is a weakness of Nature or Nurture?
It always uses the wrong one
Nature and nurture are entwined
Nature is always more prominent
Both must be spoken about
Give an outline of the IDIOGRAPHIC approach...
(a)
What type of study uses the IDIOGRAPHIC approach?
Observational
Experimental
Correlation
Case study
Outline the NOMOTHETIC approach...
(a)
What is a weakness of the IDIOGRAPHIC approach?
Doesn't work for all approaches
Takes a long time
Cant be generalized
Only study big groups
A 10 mark question is different from an 8, how?
(a)
In a debate question, how many points do you make?
(a)
In evaluation, how many points do you make?
2 Weakness
1 Strength
1 Weakness
2 Strength
In a debate which side do you take?
The side you know the most about
The side that you most agree with
Discuss both sides
Take the most popular side
The Variable that is measured
(a)
The variable that is manipulated and changed by the researcher
(a)
External validity is the degree to which findings can be generalized to...
Other surroundings (ecological validity)
Other experiments (research validity)
Other groups of people (population validity)
Over time (historical validity)
The degree to which an observed effect is due to experimental manipulation, and not other factors
(a)
This refers to how much like the real world the research environment is...
(a)
Which is a directional hypothesis?
There will be a correlation between the two variables
There will be a difference in results between the variables
One variable will produce worse results than the other
There will be a negative correlation between the variables
Repeated measures - each participant does all the conditions. What are the disadvantages?
Order effect
Boredom effect
Practice effect
May guess the aim of the experiment and act differently to purposely alter the results
What can be used to deal with Order Effects?
(a)
Independent groups- Participants only do one condition. What are its disadvantages?
Individual differences ( one group randomly better than others)
More participants needed
Order effect
More annoying
What method is used in 'Independent groups' to prevent one group from being better than another?
(a)
Matched pairs - like independent groups, expect each participant has someone that matches them for a key characteristic in the other groups. What are its disadvantages?
Too expensive
Takes a long time to find matching people
Order effect
Still not possible to match all variables
What are the three locations of research?
Lab
Field
School
Online
Controlled environment...
(a)
Working with participants in a none lab setting, is what type of research?
(a)
What are some advantages of lab research?
Easy to replicate
Allows for use of certain types of equipment
Can be done quickly
Control on confounding variables
Disadvantages of a lab research
Artificial behaviour could occur
Some research cannot be conducted in a lab
Requires too many participants
More expensive
Advantages of field research...
Minimises artificial behaviour
Easier to do
Research can be conducted in a larger range of context
Less time-consuming
Disadvantages of field research...
Hard to control confounding variables
Difficult to replicate
Less availability of equipment
Harder to measure research variables
Advantages of online research...
Access to a large group of participants
Often cheaper
Quicker analysis
Not time-consuming
Disadvantages of online research...
Limited methods of research
Harder to do
Takes longer to do
Ethical issues with a valid consent
Two types of Quasi-experiments...
Natural
Research studies
Field
Difference studies
In Natural experiments, the IV can't be manipulated due to...
(a)
In a Difference Study, the IV is...
(a)
Examples of IVs in Difference Studies
Gender
Height
Natural hair color
Blindness
What is the disadvantage of quasi-experiments?
(a)
What can affect Internal Validity?
Colour of the walls
The type of experiment conducted
Demand Characteristics
Researcher bias
How many sample types are there?
(a)
Opportunity sampling is...
Getting volunteers
Finding people that are most convenient
Selecting people at random
Selected using a number system
A disadvantage of Opportunity sampling...
(a)
What is an advantage of Random Sampling?
(a)
Explain Snowball Sampling...
Currant participants recommend others
Add more participants to a small group each time
Only select participants that live nearby
Done in the cold
Another term from Self-Selected Sampling
(a)
What is a problem with Self-selected sampling
Order effect
Volunteer bias
Unbiased
Takes long time
Common methods of Random Sampling...
Names in hat
Use posters
Ask for friends
Random number generator
Sampling that's participants mimic proportions of groups in the target population
Stratified sampling
Random sampling
Quota sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling uses a
(a)
Quota sampling uses...
(a)
Give an example of Systematic Sampling...
Lottery method
Selecting every 12th person on a list
Selecting people who are closest
Putting up posters in a gym
Valid consent means the participants knows...
How long the study will last
They are being deceived
The true aim of the study
The variables of the study
Deception is used when knowing the true aim would cause participants...
(a)
Examples of Risk of Harm...
Anxiety
Physical harm
Embarrassment
Stress
What is used to help Confidentiality of participants' names and information?
(a)
Define Privacy...
(a)
The Right to Withdraw includes withdrawing...
Themselves from the study
Their information after the study
Aspects of the study
Information of their friends
What is the purpose of a debrief?
Inform participant of the true aim
Deal with potential harm
Offer right to withdraw data
Potentially offer counselling
Name a way Confidentially can be kept when identifying participants
(a)
Outline a Participant Observation...
(a)
Outline a Non-participant observation...
(a)
In a Covert Observation, participants are unaware they are...
(a)
In Overt Observations, participants know...
How long the study is
They are being observed
The aim of the study
Where the observer is
Outline Observer Bias...
(a)
Outline Social Desirability Bias...
(a)
Name a self-report technique...
(a)
The questions in a Structured Interview are...
Random
Decided by the participant
Decided in advance
Very hard
Correlation Studies show...
(a)
What type of graph can Correlation results be shown on?
(a)
In a Correlation Study, the variables are...
Measured
Manipulated
Not manipulated
Observed
Can Casual Conclusions be drawn from Correlation studies?
(a)
What applies to Content Analysis?
Kind of observational study
Held in laboratories
Indirect
Direct
Name an example that could be used in Content Analysis
(a)
Content analysis has high (a) validity
Research that uses the same group of people over many years
Longitudinal
Cross-sectional
Research that uses different groups of society, can be referred to as a snapshot study
Longitudinal
Cross-sectional
What is this equation for?
(a)
Which are Measures of Central Tendency:
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
What type of statistics are the mean, median mode, range, and standard deviation?
(a)
Name a Measure of Dispersion:
(a)
What kind of graph are data distrbutions shown on?
(a)
What kind of distribution is this?
Normal distribution
Negative
Positive
What type of distribution is this?
Normal
Negative
Positive
What type of distribution is this?
Normal
Negative
Positive
Information collected first-hand
(a)
Information that was collected by someone else
(a)
