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Review: Ecology

Total questions: 67

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is an invasive species?

a)

An organism that is new to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

b)

An organism that is native to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

c)

An organism that is new to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

d)

An organism that is native to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

2.
Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly? 
a)
Invasive Species are native to an area. 
b)
Invasive species are prey to many animals.
c)
Invasive species have no predators.
d)
Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.
3.

Which of these are fossil fuels? Select all fossil fuels listed.

a)

steam

b)

coal

c)

gas

d)

oil

4.

The main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is

a)

using public transportation and there by reduce the affects of greenhouse gases.

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

texting on cellphones

d)

eating meat

5.

Which of the following is contributing to an INCREASE in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

a)

deforestation

b)

photosynthesis

c)

oceans

d)

all of the above

e)

the loss of animal species

6.
Which natural process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
a)
forest fires
b)
volcanic eruptions
c)
cellular respiration
d)
photosynthesis
7.
Which of the following have been linked to climate change?  
a)
droughts
b)
flooding
c)
melting of polar ice caps
d)
all of the above
8.

Burning fossil fuels to generate electricity releases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which react with gases in the atmosphere. This leads to precipitation called:

a)

ozone

b)

acid rain

c)

greenhouse gases

d)

methane

9.

1. What are renewable resources?

a)

. Resources that are used faster than they form

b)

resources that can replenish themselves over time

c)

resources that formed over millions of years

d)

resources that exist only in rural areas

10.

1. What would Earth be like without the greenhouse effect?

a)

The same temperature

b)

a little cooler than it is now

c)

. Too cold to live

d)

a little warmer than it is now

11.

1. Which level of the food chain is most affected by biomagnifications?

a)

Producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

12.

Which member of the following food chain is most likely to be affected by mercury, a pollutant? Algae - zooplankton - salmon – bear

a)

algae

b)

salmon

c)

zooplankton

d)

bear

13.

1. What is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity on Earth?

a)

habitat destruction

b)

loss of drinking water

c)

decrease in food supply

d)

pollution

14.
What is biodiversity?
a)
a population of a species 
b)
the growth of cities
c)
destruction of natural habitats
d)
a variety of organisms 
15.

Which correctly has the organization of life in order from smallest to largest?

a)

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

b)

tissue, population, cell, community, biome, biosphere, community

c)

cell, cell, cell, cell, cell, cell, cell, cell, cell, cell, cell,tissue

d)

biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

16.

A group of the SAME SPECIES in an area makes up the

a)

community

b)

population

c)

ecosystem

d)

biome

17.

A community is

a)

all the same species in an area

b)

all the LIVING THINGS (biotic factors) in an area

c)

all the living AND non living things in an area

d)

a large area with many ecosystems

18.

All the LIVING (biotic) PLUS the NON LIVING (abiotic) things in an area makes up the

a)

population

b)

community

c)

ecosystem

d)

organism

19.

Water, temperature, and rocks are all

a)

abiotic factors in an ecosystem

b)

biotic factors in an ecosystem

c)

not important in an ecosystem

d)

are not part of an ecosystem

20.

When there is a lack of resources such as food, water, space, and sunlight, this is often called a

a)

limiting factor

b)

big hot mess

c)

healthy ecosystem

d)

population grower

21.

Carrying Capacity is the largest population an ecosystem can support. What is the carrying capacity of the species shown in this graph?

a)

2000

b)

100

c)

200

d)

50

22.

When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what will most likely happen to the population?

a)

continues to grow

b)

population will go extinct

c)

population starts to die and return to carrying capacity

d)

population continues to grow exponentially

23.
When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae in a process called eutrophication. How can this process affect other organisms in the water?
a)
Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms.
b)
The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms.
c)
The algae provide food for fishes and other organisms, leading to decreased algae populations.
d)
The extra nitrogen provides additional food for the other organisms, increasing their population.
24.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
25.
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed...
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
26.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
27.
An organism's role in a community is its' _____
a)
 Niche 
b)
Competition 
c)
Mutualism
d)
Parasitism
28.

This is the largest number of individuals of a population that the environment can support...

a)

carrying capacity

b)

population crash

c)

lag phase

d)

mutualism

29.

Which type of growth is best illustrated by this rabbit population?

a)

exponential

b)

logistic

c)

S-shaped

d)

predator-prey

30.

Predator population lags behind prey population because......

a)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in prey

b)

Increase in predators leads to increase in prey

c)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in producers

d)

Increase in producers leads to increase in prey

31.
A large tract of land is purchased by a commercial agricultural company. The land is cleared of its native flora (plants), and a single crop is planted instead. What is the effect of this action?
a)
There is an increase in the variety of foods.
b)
The biodiversity of the area is reduced.
c)
There is a reduction in the size of the land
d)
The cost of the planted crop increases
32.
Why is biodiversity important?
a)
It removes mercury and other pollutants
b)
It stops acid rain
c)
It creates more fossil fuels
d)
Biodiversity helps an ecosystem survive impacts such as natural disasters or human impact
33.
A drought has hit this grassland biome. How will this effect the rabbit population?
a)
The rabbits will increase in number.
b)
The rabbit population will stay the same.
c)
The rabbit population will decrease.
d)
The rabbit population will become extinct immediately.
34.
Excessive amounts of rain caused a flood in the southwest United States that resulted in substantial amounts of deaths in the rabbit population? This situation is an example of a density _____________ limiting factor.
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
c)
density- too high
d)
density- too low
35.

Due to severe overcrowding in an Asian village, many children do not survive to reach adulthood.

a)

Density-Dependent: Disease

b)

Density-Independent: Disease

36.
What will happen to the population when the death rate is larger than the birth rate?
a)
grow
b)
shrink
c)
stay the same
d)
None of these
37.
What will happen to the population when the birth rate is larger than the death rate?
a)
grow
b)
shrink
c)
stay the same
38.
What factor describes when populations decrease because animals are moving out of a population?
a)
Emigration
b)
Limiting Factors
c)
Immigration
d)
Exponential Growth
39.

A lion eating a zebra is an example of:

a)

predation

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

parasitism

40.

A bee eating the flower's nectar and picking up the flower's pollen

a)

predation

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

parasitism

41.

Competition between members of the same species is known as INTERspecific competition

a)

True

b)

False, INTRAspecific

42.

The competitive exclusion principle states that no two organisms can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time

a)

True

b)

False, species

43.

The rabbit population decreasing 3 times on this graph. What is the likely cause of these decreases?

a)

Running out of food

b)

Wolf population increasing

c)

Wolf population decreasing

d)

Running out of space

44.
An organism's _________ is defined as the environment in which it lives.
a)
habitat
b)
niche
c)
social structure
d)
ecosystem
45.

What is a keystone species?

a)

A species that helps to hold an ecosystem together

b)

A species that lives in or around rocks

c)

Keys and stones have nothing to do with ecology

d)

A keystone isn't a living thing, it's just a stone

46.

A tape worm infestation is considered

a)

endoparasitism

b)

ectoparasitism

c)

predator-prey relation ship

47.
Organisms that look similar and can produce fertile offspring
a)
Species
b)
Fish
c)
Community
d)
Trees
48.
After the first trophic level - what percentage of energy is available  to each of the following levels?
a)
100%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
8.5%
49.
These organisms break down organic matter and release it back into the environment. 
Ex: Bacteria, Fungi
a)
Carnivores
b)
Omnivores
c)
Detritivores
d)
Decomposers
50.

If the plant has 14,000 J, how much will the Eagle get?
a)
140 J
b)
14,000 J
c)
14 J
d)
1.4 J
51.

Which organism will receive the LEAST amount of energy in this
food web?
a)
Shrew
b)
Cougar
c)
Snake
d)
Deer
52.

An ecologists would study

a)

reasons for frog deaths in a pond

b)

effects of a forest fire

c)

how pesticides affect bees

d)

All of these.

53.

A dog eats plant and animal products for food. Dogs are

a)

carnivores

b)

producers

c)

omnivores

d)

herbivores

54.
What are the four most important materials needed by living organisms?
a)
water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
b)
water, food, oxygen, carbon
c)
water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous
d)
water, carbon, food, phosphorous
55.
An underground layer of rocks or sand that can hold groundwater.
a)
watershed
b)
levee
c)
aquifer
d)
erosion
56.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
57.
A particular golf course is using large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. What process could move this nitrogen into a local stream?
a)
volatilization
b)
nitrogen fixation
c)
runoff
d)
ammonification
58.

What is the largest reservoir for nitrogen?

a)

the ocean

b)

rocks and minerals

c)

the atmosphere

d)

bacteria

59.

In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of certain chemical elements, such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen?

a)

They move into and out of living systems.

b)

They are only found in abiotic factors.

c)

They move out of living systems and do not return.

d)

They move into living systems and remain there.

60.

Nitrogen fixation is the process in which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into

a)

liquid nitrogen

b)

nitrates

c)

nitrites

d)

ammonia

61.
What are the two ways nitrogen gas is turned into a form plants and animals can use?
a)
lightning & bacteria
b)
bacteria & worms
c)
lightning  & worms
d)
bacteria & fungi
62.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
63.

These organisms typically live in unstable, unpredictable environments & are able to reproduce rapidly (exponentially). They do not take care of their young & are subject to predation.

a)

k-strategist

b)

r-strategist

c)

m-strategist

d)

s-strategist

64.

These organisms occupy stable environments, are larger in size and have longer life expectancies. They produce, during their life spans, fewer offspring, but place a greater investment in each.

a)

k-strategist

b)

r-strategist

c)

m-strategist

d)

s-strategist

65.

Describes organisms with a high death rate (or low survivorship rate) immediately following birth. Examples include bacteria, fishes, and invertebrates.

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type IV

66.

Which organism in the food web shown to the right would

contain the lowest concentration of chemical pollutants?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

67.

The phenomenon by which toxins concentrate in the organisms at higher trophic levels within an ecosystem is known as...

a)

Biotoxicity

b)

Biomagnification

c)

Eutrophication

d)

Predation

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