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WorksheetsVis bio part 1
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
In the process of seeing light must be received by the eye. The major part of light refraction in the human eye occurs in
Pupil
Lens
Cornea
Retina
The amount of light that enters the is regulated so that in the daytime when light is too intense we do not experience glare. Which eye structure is responsible for this action?
Pupil
Lens
cornea
Retina
As light is received by the eye it is refracted between transparent media of the eye. Where does the greatest refraction of light in the eye takes place
Pupil
Lens
Cornea
Retina
The range of corneal power
39-40D
41-42D
43-44D
45-46D
Regarding the Catoptric images, which statement is correct
Are formed at the refracting interfaces of the eye
Are all virtual images
Are all erect images
Are made up of 2 images produced by the cornea and 2 images by the crystalline lens
Catoptric images are observed on the corneal surface. The first image of the captoptric images cannot be used for
Measuring ocular deviation in strabismic patient
Keratometry
Measuring accommodation
Measuring corneal thickness
Which statement is FALSE regarding the reduced eye of Listing?
The refractive power is stronger than that of the schematic eye of Gullstrand
the whole eye is regarded as a single refractive surface
The second focal point lies on the retina
The nodal point lies at the posterior surface of the lens
which statement is false regrading the schematic eye of gullstrand
The human model eye is based on the principal of thick lens
The eye is about 24mm in axial length
The nodal point coincide with the principal points
The cornea contributes 2/3 to the power of the eye
The reference angle of the eye that is formed at the nodal point by the intersection of the visual axis and the pupillary axis
angle alpha
Angle kappa
Angle gamma
Angle lambda
The angle formed between the pupillary axis and the line of sight
Angle alpha
Angle kappa
Angle gamma
Angle lambda
the line connecting the object of regard and the center of the entrance pupil is referred to as
Fixation axis
Optic axis
Line of sight
Visual axis
This is the line perpendicular to the cornea and passing through the center of the pupil
Fixation axis
Optic axis
Visual axis
Pupillary axis
The fovea is the part of the retina that contains photoreceptors called
Amacrine
Rods
Cones
Ganglion cells
Regarding the distribution of photoreceptors on the retina the number of rods in the eye is
50 million
100 million
120 million
200 million
The rods and the cones synapse directly on to the
bipolar cells
Horizontal cells
Amacrine cells
Ganglion cells
The rods are more sensitive to
Colored vision
Bright light
Dim light
Blur vision
The rods and cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding rods?
Rods are responsible for black and white vision
Rods operate well in low level light night vision
Rods are mainly located in inner part of retina
Rods are sensitive to brightness, darkness and movement
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding cones
Cones are responsible for color vision
Excellent visual acuity— sharp and clean images
Cones are outnumbered by rods 19:1
Concentrated in the fovea
The inner -Lexi form layer does not contain the following cell
Photoreceptors
Muller cells
Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells
Which is not true about the fovea
It is 1.5mm in diameter
The foveola is superolateral to the optic disc
There are no rods in the fovea
No blood vessels are found in the fovea
Which of the following is FALSE?
The synapses between the bipolar and ganglion cells are located in the inner plexiform layer
The synapses between the photoreceptor and bipolar cells are located in the outer plexiform layer
The synapses between bipolar and horizontal cells are located in the inner plexiform layer
Rods are found in the outer nuclear layer
Which cells in the retina generate nerve impulses?
Amacrine
Bipolar
Ganglion cells
Rods and cones
The layer of the retina which is fathest from the vitreous humor contains:
Amacrine cells
Bipolar cells
Rods and cones
Ganglion cells
the ganglion cell axons in the retina terminate in
Optic chiasm
Optic tract
Lateral geniculate body
Optic radiation
Which of the following is not a retinal cone
Cyanolabe
Chrololabe
Indolabe
Erythrolabe
The lateral geniculate nucleus is composed of
3 Parvocellular layers and 3 magnocellular layers
2 parvocellular layers and 4 magnocellular layers
4 parvocellular layers and 2 magnocellular layers
1 parvocellular layers and 5 magnocellular layers
Regarding the magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate, which of the following statement is false
The bottom two layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus are magnocellular layers
magnocellular lateral geniculate nuclues receive inputs from parasol ganglion cells
The upper four layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus are magnocellular layers
The magnocellular layers of lateral geniculate nucleus comes from both eyes
Concerning the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which of the following statement is false?
The top four are parvocellular layers, two layers from each eye
Parvo LGN cells receive inputs from midget ganglion cells
The bottom two layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus are parvocellular layers
The parvocellular layers of lateral geniculate nucleus comes from both eyes
Which of the following statement is correct about parvo cells in the LGN
They respond more quickly and transiently than M cells
They are rarely sensitive to the color of the light on their receptive fields
They analyze spatial information a a finer level of detail than magnocellular cells
They are orientation selective
Which statement is true regarding the parvocellular fibers of lateral geniculate nucleus
Parvocellular fibers transfer information on colors only
Parvocellular fibers transfer high contrast black& white detail information
Parvocellular fibers transfer colour and high contrast black& white detail information
Parvocellular fibers transfer information on colors and visual acuity
Which statement is true regarding the magnocellular fibers of lateral geniculate nucleus?
Magnocellular fibers transfer colour and high contrast black& white detail information
Magnocellular fibers transfer motion information and high contrast black& white information
Magnocellular fibers transfer motion information and low contrast black &white information
Magnocellular fibers transfer color information and low contrast black&behind information
The parvocellular and magnocellular cells are found in the
Striate cortex
Restricted cortex
Lateral geniculate nuclues
Retina
Which statement is incorrect regarding the cellular layers in lateral geniculate nucleus
Layers 1,4 and 6 correspond to information from the contra lateral fibers of the nasal retina
Layers 2, 3 and 5 correspond to information from the ipsilateral (uncrossed) fibers of the temporal retina (nasal)
Layers 1,4 and 6 corresponds to information from the crossed fibers from the temporal visual field
Layers 2,3 and 5 correspond ti information from the crossed fibers of the temporal retina (nasal)
Magnocellular cells of the optic nerve of the opposite eye are concerned with
Depth or motion
Size and contrast
Color and depth
Orientation and depth
Axons extending from the nasal part of the retina project to the __side of the brai, whereas axons from the remained of the retina project to the ___ part of the brain
Dorsal, ventral
Medial, lateral
Opposite and same side
Same side and opposite
The cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus respond only to stimulation in the
Temporal retina only
Nasal retina only
Nasal plus temporal retina
Central retina
The visual cortex is located in the ____ lobe of the brain
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Frontal
The geniculo calcarine tract is also referred to as
Optic chiasm
Optic tract
Lateral geniculate body
Optic radiation
The primary sensory visual cortex is als ocalled
Geniculo calcarine pathway
lateral geniculate nucleus
Striate cortex
Extra- striate cortex
Regarding the primary visual cortex, which of the following statement is false
The primary visual cortex is located in the calcarine sulcus in the medial occipital lobe of the brain
The primary visual cortex is primary because the LGN send most of its axons there
The primary visual cortex processes the information coming from the 2 retinas
The primary visual cortex is the first visual processing area in the cortex
The dorsal where visual pathway passes through the _______and the ventral “what” pathway passes through the_____
Preterm lateral geniculate nucleus
hippocampus, amygdala
Parietal lobes, temporal lobes
Superior follicular, optic radiations
which of the following statement is correct?
The superior colliculus is involved in visual processing for perception
The superior colliculus is involved in resetting circadian rythms
The superior colliculus is involved in controlling eye movements
The superior colliculus is involved in focusing attention towards the object of regard
They were awarded the Nobel prize for discovering the functional organization and basic physiology of neurons in primary visual cortex
David hubel and torsten wiesel
Wheatsone
Bela julesz
Ewald hering
A simple cell in the primary visual cortex has
Motion and position selectivity
Orientation but not position selectivity
Orientation and position selectivity
Orientation and direction selectivity
If there is a damage to localized regions of the visual cortex can result in_____ in the field of vision
Scotomas
Tumors/ mass
Aneurysms
Embolus
If the lesion is located at the right occipital lobe, the resulting visual field defect is
Manifested in right visual field only
Manifested in left visual field only
Manifested in both sides of the visual field
Manifested in half of the visual field
A lesion on the right side of the optic tract will produce this field defect
Bitemporal hemianopia
Binasal hemianopia
Left homonymous hemianopia
Right homonymous hemianopiai
If a pituitary tumor is present this will produce a visual field defect called
Bitemporal hemianopia
Binasal hemianopia
Left homonymous hemnianopia
Right homonymous hemianopia
If there is an occlusion of the left posterior cerebral artery, the resulting visual field defect is called
bitemporal hemianopia
Binasal hemianopia
Left homonymous hemianopia
Right homonymous hemianopia
A test in which a topographic map is created of the patient’s visual field
Keratometry
Perimetry
Ophthalmoscopy
Retinoscopy
Which of the following does NOT cause a superior field defect
Upper lid ptosis
Upper lid dermatochalasis
Inferior retinal detachment
A large pointed nose
Who developed the trichromatic theory of colour vision?
David hubel and torsten wiesel
Stephen kuffler
Thomas young and hermann von helmholtz
Ewald hering
The trichomatic theory of color vision proposed that the retina is comprised of three distinct types of cones or color- sensitive photoreceptors. These are :
Red, white , blue
Red, orange, green
Red, green, blue
Red, blue, violet
Which theory of color vision states that the visual system interprets color in an antagonistic way like for example: red vs green, blue vs yellow, black vs white.
Trichomatic theory
Duplicity theory
Opponent process theory
Cone theory
He proposed the opponent process theory of color vision
David hubel and torsten wiesel
Stephen kuffler
Ewald hering
Thomas young and hermann von helholts
Which of the following colors is part of the visible spectrum
Pink
Cyan
Indigo
Purple
Which of the following statements is correct regarding color vision testing?
Ishihara test plates cannot be used by pre-verbal children
Ishihara test plates are designed mainly for acquired red- green color defects.
The f- munsell hue 100 test contains 84 color discs
The colors of the fra
Regarding color vision which of the following statement is false
Deuteranomaly is more common than deuteranopia
Red- green defect is common in acquired optic nerve disease
Blue cone is sensitive to longer wavelength than green cone
Blue- yellow defect is common in glaucoma
Which of the following statements about the change of the visual system during the first year after birth is not true
The eyeball and crystalline lens grow and change shape
Photoreceptors mature
Many new neurons are added to the visual system
Axons sprout and connect the eye to the brain
Infants 1 year and 8 months old will use____ cues but they will not use____ cues when remembering the location of a hidden object.
Pattern/ landmark: geometric
pattern/ landmark: depth
Geometric: patern/ landmark
Depth: geometric
Which is False about eye gaze?
White visible sclera helps human in perceiving each others’ gaze direction
Human visual system has extraordinary sensitivity to other’s gaze direction
Sensitivity to direction of gaze does not develop until after 1 year
Eye contact is a strong signal of dominance in primates
Which of the following statement is correct?
Color blind people with red cone deficiency cannot detect a red stimulus in a blue background
Human color vision has four dimensions: red, green, yellow , blue
Human visual system cannot recover the exact wavelength distribution of colored stimuli
The peak of sensitivity of rods in terms of wavelength, falls between that of the green cones and the red cones
If patient was diagnosed with cortical color blindness
V2
V4
V8
V1
If someone turns off the lights in the exam room now, what will happen to the light coming to your eyes from exam papers and words
The average luminance increases
The luminance of words (black) and the paper (white) decreases equally
The average contrast remains constant
The average contrast of the page decreases
Concerning the “mirror” neurons in our motor cortex respond, which statement is true?
When we see others execute actions, but not when we execute them
When we execute actions, but not when we see others execute them
When we execute actions and when we see others execute them
Only when we execute actions at the same time we see another executing the same action
What does retinoscopy mean
Points that are adjacent in the world are adjacent on the retina
Points that are adjacent in the world are adjacent on the visual cortex
Points that are adjacent on the retina are adjacent on the cortex
Points that are adjacent in the world are adjacent on the cornea
An optometrist tested a 3 month old baby’s visual development. The optometrist presented a red truck to the infant until the infant looked away and recorded the time the infant looked. She repeated the test for 2 other times, and on the 4th time, she showed a green version of the same truck and recorded the looking time until the baby looked away. The baby’s looking time was as follows: 14 sec, 11 sec, 8 sec, 8 sec. Which statement is correct on the name of this technique and what does the results tell us?
looking time, color vision has developed by the age of 3 months
Habituation, color vision has developed by the age of 3 months
Habituation color vision has NOT developed by the age of 3 months
Looking time, color visio nhas NOT developed by the age of 3 months
Which is correct about retinal color blindness
Retinal color blindness is the result of the partial or total loss of 2 classes of retinal cones
“ “ Of all retinal cones
“ “. Of one class of retinal cones
Retinal color blindess is not due to the cones
Where is the locus of color processing in the visual cortex
V1
V2
V8
V4
In cortical color blindness, patient loses the subjective experience of:
Color and the world looks black
Color and the world looks white
Color and the world looks black and white
Patient is color deficient only
which is TRUE about retinal color blindness
the world looks black to the patient
The world look black and white
A reduced set of colors are still seen by the patient
The world looks white to the patient
Which is TRUE about a patient diagnosed with “ cortical color blindness”?
the patient cannot perform shape from color detection
The patient cannot perform motion color detection
The patient can perform shape and motion from color detection
The patient cannot perform shape and motion from color detection
a 35 year old male patient was diagnosed with night blindness. This condition (night blindness) is caused by:
more number of cones
Lack of rods
problem in the rods
Problem in the cones
This is the range of light levels at which both retinal photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) are operating
Scotopic range
Photopic range
Mesopic range
Duplicity range
Binocular portion of the field of view of the patient is called
The field of vision for each eye
The total field of vision for the eyes
The overlap in the field of vision of the right and left eye
The temporal field of vision of both eyes
These are pairs of points, one in each eye which retain the same sense of visual direction
Nasal retinal points
Temporal retinal points
Corresponding retinal points
Retinal points
A condition when the fovea of the right eye had a common visual direction with an extrafoveal area in the left eye
Harmonious retinal correspondence
Normal retinal correspondence
Anomalous retinal correspondence
Abnormal harmonious corresponding
Which law states that the existence of corresponding retinal points with their common visual direction is the essence of binocular vision?
law of equal innervation to the muscles
Law of reciprocal innervation
Law of sensory correspondence
Law of inverse square
As night approaches we observed that a red flower seems to fade in brightness. When compared with a green leaf. This is reffered to as
Spectral adaptation
Nocturnal transmission
The Purkinje shift
The Muller’s shift
When filming a movie film directors often put a blue filter over the lens to create a more natural night scene. This is effect is termed:
Spectral adaptation
Nocturnal Transmission
The Purkinje shift
The Muller’s shift
The tern Blue shift is also known as
Spectral adaptation
Nocturnal transmission
The Purkinje shift
The Muller’s shift
Normally, people are unable to see stars during the daytime because
Clouds get in the way
Their contrast with the sky is below threshold
Of the sky coulour- it is blue during the day, but black at night
the stars are not there
Normally people are unable to see stars during the daytime because
Clouds get in the way
Their contrast with the sky is below threshold
Of the sky colour it is blue during the day, but black at night
The stars are not there
This is the ability to determine exact characteristics and distinctive features among similar objects or forms
Visual memory
Visual motor integration
Visual perception
Visual discrimination
This visual skill is the ability to remember for immediate recall the characteristics of a given object or forom
Visual memory
visual motor integration
Visual perception
Visual sequential memory
Which of the following visual skill described the ability to mentally manipulate forms and visualize the resulting outcomes
Visual memory
Visual closure
Visual perception
Visual figure ground
Which of the following visual skill is the ability to visualize a complete whole when given incomplete information or a partial picture
Visual memory
Visual closure
Visual perception
Visual figure- ground
This visual skill keeps children from getting lost in details
Visual sequential memory
Visual closure
visual perception
Visual figure- ground
This is the visual ability to distinguish differences among similar objects or forms
Visual sequential memory
Visual spatial relations
Visual motor integration
Visual figure- ground
This is commonly referred to by a developmental optometrist as eye- body or eye- hand coordination, which is a critical component of vision
Visual sequential memory
Visual spatial relations
Visual motor integrations
Visual figure- ground
The ability to recognize clues presented visually that allows a person to determine the appearance of the final product without presentation of all the details
Visual closure
Visual spatial memory
Visual sequential memory
Visual memory
The ability to recall the spatial location of an object or stimuli. The ability to be able to recall or reproduce a design or dominant feature of an object
Visual spatial memory
Visual sequential memory
Visual memory
Visual analysis
The ability to view and then recall a sequence of numbers, letters or objects in the order they were originally presented
Visual spatial memory
Visual sequential memory
Visual memory
Visual analysis
Which statement concerning accommodation is FALSE?
Accommodation decreases with age because the ciliary muscle lose strength
Accommodation starts to decrease at around the age of 40
Accommodation decreases the optical power of the eye
Accommodation decreases as the lens hardens
The synkinetic action of accommodation, miosis and convergence are together is called:
The oculomotor system
The involuntary reflex
The near triad
The accommodation- convergence ratio
Which is the most common form of colour vision deficiency
Monochromacy
Dichromacy
anomalous monochromacy
Anomalous trichromacy
A patient was diagnosed with color vision deficiency. Which is true regarding protanopia?
It is caused by abnormal blue cones
It is caused by abnormal red cones
It is caused by abnormal green cones
It is caused by normal red cones
Which is true about tritanopia
it is caused by abnormal red cones
It is caused by abnormal green cones
It is caused by abnormal blue cones
It is caused by abnormal red cones
True statement about deuteranopia
It is caused by abnormal red cones
It is caused by abnormal green cones
It is caused by abnormal blue cones
it is caused by normal red cones
Which is true regarding colour vision
Blue cone responds to wavelength of 580nm
Green cone responds to wavelength of 550nm
Red cone responds to wavelength of 450nm
Deuteranopia refers to problem with blue color
