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WorksheetsEarth Module Review
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 29mins
What finally caused scientists to accept the plate tectonic theory?
Fossil evidence of supercontinents like Pangaea.
Magnetic pole wandering alignment of repositioned plates.
Ocean floor evidence of sea floor spreading.
Matching glacier scraping patterns on the coasts of different contents.
Why is the mantle of the Earth described as a semi-solid?
The mantle is composed of some solid pockets and some liquid pockets.
The mantle is liquid during warmer months and solid during colder months.
The mantle is so hot that it allows the rocky material to flow gradually.
The mantle is solid toward the crust and liquid toward the outer core.
What about the composition and state-of-matter of the outer core are necessary for creating Earth’s magnetic field? (Choose all that apply.)
What about the composition and state-of-matter of the outer core are necessary for creating Earth’s magnetic field? (Choose all that apply.)
The liquid state of the outer core allows it to flow in convection movement patterns, and convection is necessary for a magnetic field.
The outer core is composed of hydrogen and carbon. The non-metallic composition means that the outer core is magnetized, which is necessary for a magnetic field.
The solid state of the outer core is necessary for a magnetic field.
Which of the following is a result of sea floor spreading?
Mid-ocean ridges form at convergent boundaries.
Trenches form at transform boundaries.
Mid-Ocean ridges form at divergent plate boundaries.
Trenches form at divergent boundaries.
Which type of location produces some of the most explosive volcanoes?
divergent boundaries
transform boundaries
convergent boundaries
hotspot locations
Luke summarized the causes of earthquakes with the following sentence. “Earthquakes have both natural causes like volcanoes, faults and landslides and human-made causes like mining explosions, nuclear testing and tectonic plate subduction.” What needs to be corrected?
Volcanoes do not cause earthquakes.
Tectonic plate subduction does not cause earthquakes.
Subduction is a natural cause, not human made.
Faults are human made causes, not natural causes.
Limestone formations in caves such as Marvel Cave or Meramac Caverns are considered what kind of weathering?
mechanical
biological
chemical
hydraulic
Why is soil considered to be a non-renewable resource?
The cost of creating soil is too high for it to be a reasonable option.
Soil is no longer made in nature and can never be replaced.
Soil can only be formed by natural processes over hundreds or thousands of years.
There is a limited quantity of nutrients in soil.
What determines the type of soil that is created when it is formed?
the types of organisms living in the soil
the amount of time it takes to create the soil
the type of rock and minerals in the parent material
the altitude of the location of soil formation
What factors facilitate erosion by wind?
increased solar flares, close solar orbits and sunspots
heat, low water table and low humidity
drought, plant die-off and wind
ocean currents, El Nino and La Nina
What type of soil is best for growing crops?
loam
clay
silt
sand
Put the layers of the Earth in order from the surface/outermost to the innermost.
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
outer core, inner core, mantle, crust
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Which layer of soil contains organic matter and tiny rock particles?
topsoil
bedrock
subsoil
midsoil
How does weathering help to create soil?
Weathering builds up the rocks that create the deepest soil layer.
Weathering adds organic material to the soil.
Weathering breaks parent material into smaller pieces.
Weathering compacts small particles into larger rock pieces.
Put the parts of the soil cycle in order.
Rocks and minerals are broken down into silt and sediment by weathering and erosion; Living things die, are decomposed, and their nutrients are incorporated into the silt/sediment; Plants take up the nutrients from the soil using their roots; Animals obtain soil nutrients by consuming plants.
Animals obtain soil nutrients by consuming plants; Rocks and minerals are broken down into silt and sediment by weathering and erosion; Living things die, are decomposed, and their nutrients are incorporated into the silt/sediment; Plants take up the nutrients from the soil using their roots.
Plants take up the nutrients from the soil using their roots; Rocks and minerals are broken down into silt and sediment by weathering and erosion; Living things die, are decomposed, and their nutrients are incorporated into the silt/sediment; Animals obtain soil nutrients by consuming plants.
Living things die, are decomposed, and their nutrients are incorporated into the silt/sediment; Plants take up the nutrients from the soil using their roots; Animals obtain soil nutrients by consuming plants; Rocks and minerals are broken down into silt and sediment by weathering and erosion.
The breakdown of rocks primarily through abrasion, temperature change and pressure.
Physical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Biological Physical Weathering
Biological Chemical Weathering
Changes in the chemical makeup of the rock that causes it to be weak and easily broken into smaller pieces.
Physical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Biological Physical Weathering
Biological Chemical Weathering
The release of acids by plants and animals that contributes to the breaking down of rocks and landforms.
Physical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Biological Physical Weathering
Biological Chemical Weathering
The breaking up of rocks by plant roots and by animals walking over an area and knocking down rocks.
Physical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Biological Physical Weathering
Biological Chemical Weathering
_____ is the process that breaks down solid materials into smaller pieces or changes them chemically.
Weathering
Erosion
Chemistry
Fluctuation
Scientists are able to use body waves to determine what makes up the different layers of the Earth’s interior. What characteristics do the body waves have that allow scientists to do this? (Choose two.)
P Waves travel through liquids and solids.
S Waves only travel through solids.
S Waves travel through both liquids and solids.
P Waves travel only through solids.
The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is known as the _____.
epicenter
focal point
focal length
focal center
Name the type of fault.
Normal fault
Reverse fault
Transform fault
What is the name of the fault in Missouri which caused a major earthquake in 1811?
New Madrid Fault
San Andreas Fault
Cascadia Fault
Wasatch Fault
Built from layers of lava, ash and cinders. Have a low profile and broad distribution of liquid lava flows.
Shield volcano
Cincer cone volcano
Composite volcano
Built from particles of congealed lava. Simplest and smallest of the volcanoes.
Shield volcano
Cincer cone volcano
Composite volcano
Built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. Rising magma will often break into smaller channels called dikes.
Shield volcano
Cincer cone volcano
Composite volcano
Molten rock inside of the earth before it erupts onto the surface from a volcano.
Lava
Magma
Cinders
Ash
List the three main types of mountains.
Fault-block
Lifted
Volcanic
Tilted
Folded
At what two boundary types does mountain formation generally occur?
transform
divergent
convergent
strike-sip
A mountain type distinguished by large-scale folding patterns, caused by compression and uplifting of stratified rocks.
Folded mountain
Fault-block mountain
Lifted-block mountain
Tilted block mountain
A mountain type formed when deep areas of bedrock are broken into faults leaving steep vertical displacements in the Earth's crust.
Folded mountain
Fault-block mountain
Lifted-block mountain
Tilted block mountain
A mountain type distinguished by having two scarps and are caused by rock layers being stretched in different directions forming horsts and grabens.
Folded mountain
Fault-block mountain
Lifted-block mountain
Tilted block mountain
A mountain type distinguished by a gentle slope on one side and a scarp on the other side; caused when swelling underneath the rock broke the rock layers into perpendicular faults.
Folded mountain
Fault-block mountain
Lifted-block mountain
Tilted block mountain
A lifted block in a Tilted-Block Mountain
Horst
Graben
Scarp
A dropped block in a Tilted-Block Mountain
Horst
Graben
Scarp
A steep slope found in mountains.
Horst
Graben
Scarp
A long narrow depression that makes up the deepest part of the ocean floor is known as a _____.
Trench
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Subduction Zone
Scarp
Which of the following are evidence of the Plate Tectonics Theory? (Choose four.)
Mid-Ocean Ridge
The shape of the continents fitting together
Island Arcs
Matching fossils on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
Magnetic Field Reversals
Rock formed by the cementing together of material that had been broken down into smaller pieces by weathering and/or erosion.
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Rock formed when high heat and pressure cause chemical changes.
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Rock formed by the cooling and hardening of lava/magma.
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Fill in the blank for 1.
Cooling and Crystallization
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Compaction and Cementation
Fill in the blank for 5 and 6.
Cooling and Crystallization
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Compaction and Cementation
Fill in the blank for 4 and 7.
Cooling and Crystallization
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Compaction and Cementation
Fill in the blank for 2 and 8.
Cooling and Crystallization
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Compaction and Cementation
Fill in the blank for 3.
Cooling and Crystallization
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Compaction and Cementation
Movement of a fluid material in which it is heated from the bottom, expands and floats to the top, cools then sinks back to the bottom.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Coriolis Effect
An apparent force that as a result of the earth's rotation deflects moving objects (such as projectiles or air currents) to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Coriolis Effect
What three things are needed for a geodynamo to create a magnetic field?
A fluid medium that is electrically conductive.
Kinetic energy provided by the Earth's rotation.
Convection within the fluid medium.
Movement of the Earth's around the sun.
The Sun's Solar Wind hitting the Earth.
Who developed the Plate Tectonics Theory?
Wegener
Darwin
Galileo
Newton
Which type of plates move laterally, side-by-side, past each other with one plate moving one direction and the other plate moving in the opposite direction, i.e., one moving north and the other moving south?
Transform Plate Boundary
Divergent Plate Boundary
Convergent Plate Boundary
What are the two main forces that cause soil erosion?
water
wind
animals
plants
How do the nutrients in soil cause problems when erosion relocates the soil to ponds or lakes?
They cause algae to reproduce rapidly causing algae blooms.
They poison the fish in the ponds or lakes.
They poison the microorganisms that break down dead organic matter in the ponds or lakes.
They change the color of the water and reduce aquatic photosynthesis.
