Prison, mentally ill/disabled and elderly, women's rights, education, temperance, & abolition were all examples of this.

Always a peaceful protest. Refusing to follow laws because of the belief that the laws were unjust. Always based on morality, in public, & accept consequences. Boston Tea Party was the 1st example.

The right to vote. 15th and 19th Amendments are examples.

Mostly supported in the north. Individuals that wanted to abolish/eliminate slavery.

To improve society. Change for the better.

Folk/gospel songs by slaves describing religious values and hardships of slavery.

This reform movement was founded in the 1820's by women & numerous religious. Supporters believed people's health would be ruined, increased family violence, & led to unemployment. Chief goal was the avoidance of alcohol; stop people from drinking.

Vast network of routes & people (conductors) who helped fugitive slaves escape from the south to the north and as far north as Canada. Runaway slaves would travel at night & hid in safe places called stations.

Religious revival movement renewing faith, with multiple denominations, & centered on reform movements

This group was the 1st in the 13 colonies that was against slavery. They thought slavery violated or contradicted their christian beliefs and principles. Just thought slavery was morally wrong

Congress made this decision in 1807.

Required that runaway slaves and freedmen were re-captured and returned to plantation owners without due process (innocent until proven guilty).

This amendment was passed in 1865 abolishing slavery

Former slave, accomplished orator & writer. Leading African American abolitionist. Spoke and wrote about early life as a slave. Editor of the anti-slavery newspaper North Starr. Helped hide slaves in the Underground Railroad

Leading abolitionist & published the anti-slavery newspaper called the Liberator.

Former slave that was the most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad. Often referred to as Moses making 19 dangerous journeys to free enslaved.

Former slave that spoke about own experiences as a slave. Lived with the Quakers that helped this individual win a court case because her son was illegally sold into slavery. Most famous speech was "Ain't I a woman".

Novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in response to the Fugitive Slave Acts/Laws. The north now realized the evils and realities of slavery. The biggest impact from the novel was that growing support for the abolitionist movement in the north.

This goal of this reform movement was rehabilitation. Conditions were dirty, unhealthy, had to stay silent, and food was poor. Eliza Farnham & Dorothea Dix were leaders of this reform. Improvements were that individuals were now able to talk, access to a library, education (learning how to read & write), & separate cells for women, men, and children.

This reform movement saw horrible conditions such as locked in unheated rooms, chained to beds, and beaten into obedience. Dorothea Dix led this movement fighting for better conditions. One improvement was states building new hospitals and staff receiving training to assist patients more humanely.

This reform movement dealt with public education. Usually only wealthy children were taught to read and write. This individual fought to provide free public elementary school to every child, wanted all social classes mixed in at the same school, & introduced the first school to train teachers.

This individual organized the Seneca Falls Convention in New York with the help of Lucretia Mott. Leader of the 19th century women's suffrage movement. Passed the Declaration of Sentiments; which was also written by this individual. Called on men to not withhold women's rights, take her property, & refuse her right to vote.

Modeled after the Declaration of Independence & Unalienable Rights. Presented at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York. Message was that all men and women are created equal & women are on the same level as men.

Key spokesperson for the 19th century suffrage movement. Argued that voting would give women political power to win other rights. Had a newspaper called the Revolution. Pushed for women to own property & equal pay for work. Arrested for illegally leading a group of women to vote in New York

European movement in literature and art emphasizing nature & creativity. Authors began exploring themes of the American wilderness.

Founded by Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau. Philosophy that the spiritual world is more important than the physical world. One can learn & find the truth about oneself by having a connection/relationship with nature. A new beginning for the nation because of newly acquired western territory/land.

Strong believer in civil disobedience. Was arrested and in jail because this individual refused to pay taxes because this individual was against a country that supported slavery & the Mexican-American War.

This author is famous for the novels titled The Adventures of Tom Sawyer & Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The novels capture the unique American experience & language used by Americans in the south and along the Mississippi River.

Founded by Thomas Cole in New York achieving fame by painting romantic landscapes. Paintings reflected the 3 themes. Nature takes center stage encouraging western expansion, western frontier, & a new beginning for the nation.

3 themes of America in the 19th century by the Hudson River School

This individual drew American wildlife such as birds, mammals, plants, & other nature. Based on his drawings, he was responsible for the discovery of many new birds and mammals.

Song of the Union Army & written by Julia Ward Howe

Unofficial anthem of the south & written by Daniel Decatur Emmett