1.9 The passages below are from Executive Order 13490, issued by President Barack Obama in 2009.

"By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution …it is hereby ordered as follows:

…Every appointee in every executive agency …shall be ...committed to, the following pledge upon becoming an appointee:

"As a condition, and in consideration, of my employment in the United States Government in a position invested with the public trust, …I will not accept gifts from registered lobbyists or lobbying organizations for the duration of my service as an appointee.”"

Based on these passages, what is the purpose of this executive order?

1.9 The quote below is from a 1977 interview with President Richard Nixon.

"Well, when the President does it, that means that it is not illegal."

Based on the quote, what can be presumed about the rule of law?

1.9 The conversation below took place between two U.S. citizens.

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Kevin: I do not want to visit a country where the police force operates like an organized crime gang.

Peggy: I do not want to visit a country where the police make up evidence.

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What principle is important to these citizens?

1.9 The statement below is from the Magna Carta written in 1215.

"To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice."

Which political principle justifies this statement?

1.9 Which statement describes an impact of the rule of law?

1.9 Which characteristic serves as a long-term protection against tyranny and is a foundation of liberty in the United States?

2.1 Which is a requirement for a person to become a naturalized U.S. citizen?

2.1 The events below describe the use of a government document.

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Laura was born in France and lived in France until she immigrated to the U.S. at age 21. At age 25, Laura visited Morocco on vacation.

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Why did Laura use a U.S. passport to travel?

2.1 The passage below describes a court decision.

"The Burlingame Treaty (1870) allowed the U.S. to deny citizenship to persons born in the U.S. whose parents were born outside the U.S. The U.S. Supreme Court granted writ of certiorari to a case challenging the constitutionality of the treaty."

How did the court apply the 14^th Amendment to decide this case?

2.1 Attached is a table of the four most populated states in the United States.

How might these populations affect political campaigns?

2.1 The table attached describes permanent resident status.

Based on the table, what could be predicted about the impact of permanent residents on government?

2.1 Which is a requirement for a person to become a naturalized U.S. citizen?

2.1 The diagram attached shows some general eligibility requirements.

Which statement completes the diagram?

2.2 What right do citizens have?

2.2 A citizen received the notification attached in the mail.

What civic responsibility does this notification represent?

2.2 Which type of service project would help promote the common good?

2.2 Which example is NOT a responsibility of citizenship?

2.2 The image attached describes a citizen obligation.

Based on this image, what can be presumed about citizen obligations?

2.2 The illustration attached shows a legal document.

Why are citizens obligated to respond to such documents?

1.1 The image attached concerns government.

Which Enlightenment idea is represented by the image?

1.1 The quote below is from a historical document.

"A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people."

How does this quote reflect the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the Founding Fathers?

1.1 Attached is a newspaper headline.

What Enlightenment idea is represented by the headline?

1.1 Which right is an example of an Enlightenment idea?

1.1 How are the Enlightenment ideas that influenced the Founding Fathers reflected in modern institutions?

1.1 The statements attached are from the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights.

Which statement reflects the Enlightenment ideas of government as expressed by Montesquieu?

1.2 Which idea is from the Magna Carta?

1.2 The conversation below concerns lawmaking.

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Doug: I believe in making laws only when everyone can participate in public decision making.

Nicole: I disagree with you; it is best for laws to be made by the people who have been chosen for that purpose.

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Which colonial principle is being discussed?

1.2 Attached is a timeline.

Which writing encourages the action demonstrated in the timeline?

1.2 The statements below are from the English Bill of Rights (1689).

"That the pretended power of suspending laws … without consent of Parliament is illegal;

That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted;

And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently."

Which purpose of government can be traced to these statements?

1.2 The passage below was written by Thomas Paine in his 1776 pamphlet, Common Sense.

"And as he hath shown himself such an … enemy to liberty, and discovered such a thirst for ... power, is he, or is he not, a proper man to say to these colonies, "You shall make no laws but what I please"?"

Based on this passage, how is the author’s view reflected in the U.S. political system?

1.2 Which documents influenced the colonists’ views of government?

1.2 The diagram attached shows that the colonists formed some of their political views from some historical documents.

Which phrase completes the diagram?

1.3 Which document addressed colonial concerns about English policies?

1.3 The stamp attached is from the front page of a 1765 newspaper.

What was the significance of the stamp on the newspaper?

1.3 The political cartoon attached was created by Benjamin Franklin in1754.

Which action did colonists use this cartoon to support?

1.3 The quotes attached are from historical documents.

What is the relationship between these concepts?

1.3 Why did Parliament eventually repeal the Stamp Act, which taxed goods such as newspapers and playing cards?

1.3 Which document addressed colonial concerns about English policies?

1.3 The diagram attached describes a cause that led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

Which action completes the diagram?

1.4 The passage below is from a historical document.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

Which document contains this passage?

1.4 The passage below is from a historical document.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights...."

What is the main idea of this passage?

1.4 The passage below is from a historical document.

"...That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it...."

Based on the passage, where should governments get their power?

1.4 Attached is a diagram.

Which statement completes the diagram?

1.4 What is one way that the ideas stated in the Declaration of Independence are evident today?

1.4 The passage attached was written by Thomas Paine in his 1776 book, Common Sense.

Based on this passage, with which complaint against the king from the Declaration of Independence would Thomas Paine agree?

1.5 The diagram attached shows steps leading to a historical event.

Which event completes the diagram?

1.5 Which weakness of the Articles of Confederation led to Shays’s Rebellion?

1.5 What was the state-level response to Shays’s Rebellion?

1.5 Why was the government’s authority to regulate commerce a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

1.5 The passage below is from a historical document.

"Art. II. Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled."

How does the U.S. Constitution address concerns that resulted from the government described in this passage?

1.5 How did the U.S. Constitution solve a problem created by the Articles of Confederation?

1.8 What was the Anti-Federalists’ greatest concern about ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

1.8 The table attached shows views about government.

What title completes the table?

1.8 Why does the U.S. Supreme Court continue to debate states’ rights?

1.8 The statement below appeared in a 1787 essay by James Winthrop.

"It is impossible for one code of laws to suit Georgia and Massachusetts."

What does this statement reflect?

1.8 The passage below was written by James Madison in 1787.

"Extend the sphere, and you take in

a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens;…"

Based on this passage, what change in modern political society would Madison support?

1.8 Which statement supports the Anti-Federalists in the struggle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution?

2.8 What are the names of the two major political parties in the United States today?

2.8 The statement below is from a political party platform.

"We, the workers and our allies, need to take power from the hands of the wealthy few, their corporations, and their political operatives."

Which political party’s position is represented in the statement?

2.8 Which spending increase would the Democratic Party likely support?

2.8 The conversation below is part of a political discussion.

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Lou: I am going to vote for the candidate who will support cutting government spending.

Bob: Yes, we spend too much on some programs.

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Which party’s candidates are these voters most likely to support?

2.8 The table attached describes political party associations of governors.

Based on the table, what has been an impact of political parties on policy making?

2.8 In the modern political system, which issue represents a basic disagreement between Republicans and Democrats?

2.9 Which is a constitutional requirement to run for Congress?

2.9 After serving as a U.S. Senator, Laura decided to run for governor of Florida. Liz, Laura’s opponent, claims in court that Laura is not qualified to run. A judge rules in Liz’s favor. What was the basis for the lawsuit?

2.9 The newspaper headline attached describes a government process.

Why might this have been a difficult election for Richards to win?

2.9 A local newspaper endorsed Mayor Sanford in a state senate race over his opponent. Why might the newspaper endorse Mayor Sanford?

2.9 The poster attached is from a recent election.

Based on the poster, what conclusion can be drawn about the candidate?

2.9 The political campaign posters attached are for two candidates running for mayor.

According to the information on the posters, what is the reason Maria could be considered more qualified than Todd to be elected mayor?

2.10 Who do lobbyists represent in their attempts to influence government?

2.10 Which example represents the media acting as watchdog?

2.10 How might a political action committee influence government?

2.10 How do the media typically influence government?

2.10 The table attached describes ratings for news organizations.

According to the table, what impact has media had on government?

2.10 Based on the government system in the United States, which individual activity is used to directly influence legislative decisions?

2.11 Which option presents a clear point of view?

2.11 Which source would give the most accurate information about the views held by an incumbent running for Congress?

2.11 The passage below is from a U.S. Supreme Court decision.

"The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has for many years imposed …a “fairness doctrine,” requiring that public issues be presented by broadcasters and that each side of those issues be given fair coverage."

Based on the passage, what is a goal of the FCC regulation?

2.11 Below is a statement made by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld.

"…the news media seem to want to carry the negative."

What type of political communication is being referenced in the statement?

2.11 The poster attached was placed in public buildings, businesses and schools by a civil rights group.

What is a long term policy goal of the interest group?

2.11 The poster attached was created in 1917.

Which type of communication is shown in this poster?

1.6 Which part of the U.S. Constitution states the six purposes of government?

1.6 The statement below was made by President Lyndon B. Johnson during an address to the nation on March 31, 1968.

"I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for

another term as your President."

Which intention of the Preamble is reflected in the statement?

1.6 Why did the Framers require that the U.S. House of Representatives have the sole power to introduce tax bills?

1.6 This newspaper headline describes an event in U.S. history.

Which government purpose identified in the Preamble is reflected in the headline?

1.6 The statement below is from a historical document.

"We the People of the United States... do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

How is this statement reflected in the modern American political system?

1.6 In the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution, what is the meaning of the phrase “We the People”?

1.7 What check does the U.S. Senate have on the president?

1.7 The statement below was written by John Adams in April 1776.

"A representation of the people in one assembly being obtained, a question arises, whether all the powers of government, legislative, executive, and judicial, shall be left in this body? I think a people cannot be long free, nor ever happy, whose government is in one assembly."

Which basic principle of American government is John Adams describing in this statement?

1.7 The table attached describes several powers of the U.S. government.

Which two principles are described in this table?

1.7 Which principle does the U.S. Supreme Court apply when it declares an act of Congress unconstitutional?

1.7 Which principle supports President Eisenhower’s action to uphold the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision that public schools should be integrated?

1.7 The passage attached is from Federalist No. 47, written by James Madison in 1788.

Based on this passage, which constitutional principle does Madison describe?

3.3 Which part of the U.S. Constitution outlines legislative power?

3.3 The passage below is from a speech by President George W. Bush, March 19, 2003.

"On my orders, coalition forces have begun striking selected targets of military importance to undermine Saddam Hussein's ability to wage war. These are opening stages of what will be a broad and concerted campaign."

What constitutional power justifies the actions described in the passage?

3.3 The following passage is from McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).

"If … such be the mandate of the Constitution, we have only to obey; but that instrument does not profess to enumerate the means by which the powers it confers may be executed…"

Which constitutional provision does this decision support?

3.3 Which list includes roles of the president?

3.3 The statement below is from a congressional document, July 27, 1974.

"Richard M. Nixon has acted in a manner contrary to his trust as President and subversive of constitutional government, to the great prejudice of the cause of law and justice, and to the manifest injury of the people of the United States."

How have similar statements influenced modern congressional actions?

3.3 Which branch of federal government makes laws?

3.3 The newspaper headline attached describes an event in U.S. history.

Which parts of the national government participated in the process described in the newspaper headline?

3.8 Who is responsible for breaking a tie vote in the Florida Senate?

3.8 Which action formally accuses a government official of “wrongdoing”?

3.8 What powers do the Florida governor and U.S. president have in common?

3.8 The chart attached shows the structures of local, state, and national governments.

Which choice best completes the last box in Row 1?

3.8 The table attached describes presidential vetoes.

Based on the table, how has the legislative process been impacted by presidential vetoes?

3.8 The diagram attached shows some of the steps involved in creating a Florida state law.

What is the next step in the lawmaking process?

3.8 What do the highest courts of Florida and the United States have in common?

2.4 Which three rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?

2.4 The image attached symbolizes a right protected by the Bill of Rights.

What constitutional right does this image symbolize?

2.4 Why does the U.S. Supreme Court continue to debate the constitutionality of the death penalty?

2.4 Which constitutional principle is applied when police inform suspects of their rights?

2.4 The statement below was made by President Dwight Eisenhower upon signing Public Law 396 in 1954 which added “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance.

"To anyone who truly loves America, nothing could be more inspiring than to contemplate this rededication of our youth, on each school morning, to our country's true meaning."

Which First Amendment protections have been cited in opposition to this change?

2.4 Where can a description of U.S. citizens’ civil liberties be found?

2.4 The statement attached was made by Thomas Jefferson in a 1786 letter to John Jay.

Why should this freedom be guarded?

2.4 The passage below is one of the grievances found in the Declaration of Independence.

"For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States"

Which rights listed in the Bill of Rights reflect this complaint?

2.5 Which type of law makes an act a crime after it has been committed?

2.5 What is the significance of the U.S. Supreme Court opinion that words creating a “clear and present danger” are not protected by the First Amendment?

2.5 Below is a statement from Chief Justice John Roberts.

“…students do not shed their First Amendment rights at the school house gate.”

Why is this statement significant?

2.5 The statement below is from a U.S. Supreme Court decision.

"A person who is a resident of a loyal State, where he was arrested, who was never resident in any State engaged in rebellion, nor connected with the military or naval service, cannot be regarded as a prisoner of war."

What constitutional safeguard does this passage describe?

2.5 The timeline attached shows events related to the death penalty.

What constitutional protections have resulted from these events?

2.5 Which right is NOT mentioned in the U.S. Constitution?

2.5 The passage attached about government is from Federalist No. 51.

How are the author’s views from this passage applied in the U.S. Constitution?

3.5 Which government institution may vote on constitutional amendments?

3.5 The newspaper headline attached describes an event in U.S. history.

Based on the headline, what happened before the event presented in the image?

3.5 The timeline below provides details about a constitutional amendment.

1917: Amendment prohibiting alcohol manufacture, sale or transportation voted on by Congress.

1919: 18th Amendment prohibiting alcohol manufacture, sale or transportation is ratified by the states.

1933: 21st Amendment reversing the 18th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution.

According to the timeline, what happened between 1919 and 1933?

3.5 The passage below was written by U.S. Senator Barack Obama in his 2006 book, The Audacity of Hope.

"I see democracy as a conversation to be had…It provides us with a framework and rules, but all its machinery are designed to force us into a conversation."

Based on the passage, which statement about the amendment process would Senator Obama support?

3.5 The passage below is from an 1848 speech by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

"In the United States of America women [are] unrepresented in this government—our rights and interests wholly overlooked."

Based on the passage, which action in the modern political system would Elizabeth Cady Stanton support?

3.5 Which is the last step in amending the U.S. Constitution?

3.6 Which individual protection is found in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

3.6 How do citizens experience economic freedom?

3.6 Which action represents an individual exercising a constitutional right?

3.6 Which freedom is enumerated in the U.S. Constitution?

3.6 The passage attached is from Executive Order 9066, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, February 19, 1942.

According to this passage, what impact does government have on the people?

3.6 Which individual protection is found in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

3.6 What has been one long-term result of the constitutional protection of free speech?

3.7 How did the passage of the Voting Rights of 1965 impact political participation?

3.7 The passage attached describes a U.S. Supreme Court decision.

According to the passage, what did this U.S. Supreme Court decision illustrate?

3.7 How are 14^th Amendment due process protections related to the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

3.7 The photograph attached illustrates an event in U.S. history.

What was Congress’ response to the social movement symbolized in the photograph?

3.7 The graph attached describes voter registration in Florida among blacks and whites.

Based on the graph, what conclusion can be drawn about voter turnout in Florida since the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed?

3.7 The newspaper attached details an important step in amending the U.S. Constitution.

How did the passage of this amendment to the U.S. Constitution impact the political process in the United States?