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WorksheetsP.3.4.1.6 Momentum
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 24mins
The graph shows how the resultant force F on a football, which is initially at rest, varies with time t.
Which graph shows how the momentum p of the football varies with time t?
Objects P and Q are initially at rest at time t = 0
The same resultant force F is applied to P and Q for time T.
The mass of P is 10 times greater than the mass of Q.
What is the ratio shown?
0.1
1
10
10
The diagram shows a gas particle about to collide elastically with a wall.
Which diagram shows the correct change in momentum Δmv that occurs during the collision?
A bullet of mass 10 g is fired with a velocity of 100 m s–1 from a stationary rifle of mass 4.0 kg. Consider the rifle and bullet to be an isolated system.
What are the recoil velocity of the rifle and the total momentum of the rifle and bullet just after firing?
A
B
C
D
The graph shows how the force F applied to an object varies with time t.
What is the momentum gained by the object from t = 0 to t = 10 s?
18 kg m s–1
32 kg m s–1
40 kg m s–1
58 kg m s–1
Two bodies of different masses undergo an elastic collision in the absence of any external force.
Which row gives the effect on the total kinetic energy of the masses and the magnitudes of the forces exerted on the masses during the collision?
A
B
C
D
A car of mass 580 kg collides with the rear of a stationary van of mass 1200 kg.
Following the collision, the van moves with a velocity of 6.20 m s–1 and the car recoils in the opposite direction with a velocity of 1.60 m s–1.
What is the initial speed of the car?
5.43 m s–1
11.2 m s–1
12.8 m s–1
14.4 m s–1
Two unpowered toy cars, P and Q, are released from rest from X and travel down the track to Y. Car P has twice the mass of car Q. There is negligible friction.
What quantity is the same for car P and car Q?
The gravitational potential energy at X.
The accelerating force at X.
The velocity when they arrive at Y.
The momentum when they arrive at Y.
A ball of mass 0.20 kg is thrown and moves in a curved path, as shown below. At Q it is travelling horizontally.
Assume air resistance is negligible.
What is the momentum of the ball at Q?
zero
2.0 N s
3.5 N s
4.0 N s
An object is accelerated from rest by a constant force F for a time t. Which graphs represent the variation of time with the change in the kinetic energy and the change in momentum of the object?
A
B
C
D
A body falls freely, with negligible air resistance. What quantity of the body is its rate of change of momentum?
mass
power
kinetic energy
weight
A firework rocket is fired vertically into the air and explodes at its highest point. What are the changes to the total kinetic energy of the rocket and the total momentum of the rocket as a result of the explosion?
A
B
C
D
What is represented by the area under a force–displacement graph?
rate of change of kinetic energy
change in momentum
work done
acceleration
In a test a 500 kg car travelling at 10 m s–1 hits a wall. The front 0.30 m of the car crumples as the car is brought to rest.
What is the average force on the car during the impact?
830 N
7500 N
8300 N
83 000 N
Which line, A to D, in the table correctly shows what is conserved in an elastic collision?
A
B
C
D
The graph shows how the resultant force applied to an object of mass 2.0 kg, initially at rest, varies with time.
What is the speed of the object after 1.0 s?
2.5 m s−1
5.0 m s−1
7.5 m s−1
10 m s−1
Which one of the following has the same unit as the rate of change of momentum?
work
energy
acceleration
weight
The nucleus of a radioactive isotope X is at rest and decays by emitting an α particle so that a new nuclide Y is formed.
Which one of the following statements about the decay is correct?
The momentum of Y is equal and opposite to the momentum of the α particle.
The momentum of Y is equal to the momentum of X.
The kinetic energy of Y is equal to the kinetic energy of the α particle.
The total kinetic energy is the same before and after the decay.
Trolley T1, of mass 2.0 kg, collides on a horizontal surface with trolley T2, which is also of mass 2.0 kg. The collision is elastic. Before the collision T1 was moving at 4.0 m s–1 and T2 was at rest.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
Immediately after the collision
T1 is at rest and T2 moves at 4.0 m s–1.
T1 will rebound from T2 at 4.0 m s–1.
T1 and T2 will both move at 2.8 m s–1.
T1 and T2 will both move at 1.4 m s–1.
The graph shows how the force acting on a rocket varies with time. Which one of the following is represented by the area under the graph?
distance travelled
gain in kinetic energy
change in velocity
change in momentum
A golf club strikes a stationary golf ball of mass 4.8 × 10–2 kg and the ball leaves the club with a speed of 95 m s–1. If the average force exerted on the ball is 7800 N, how long are the ball and club in contact?
5.8 × 10–4 s
1.2 × 10–2 s
0.51 s
0.58 s
Water of density 1000 kg m–3 flows out of a garden hose of cross-sectional area 7.2 × 10–4 m2 at a rate of 2.0 × 10–4 m3 per second. How much momentum is carried by the water leaving the hose per second?
5.6 ×10–5 N s
5.6 × 10–2 N s
0.20 N s
0.72 N s
Which one of the following is a possible unit of impulse?
Ns–1
kg ms–1
kg ms–2
sN–1
A railway truck of mass 8000 kg travels along a level track at a velocity of 2.5 ms–1 and collides with a stationary truck of mass 12000 kg. The two trucks move together at the same velocity after the collision.
What is the change in momentum of the 8000 kg truck due to the impact?
8000 N s
12000 N s
20000 N s
25000 N s
A gas molecule of mass m moving at velocity u collides at right angles with the side of a container and rebounds elastically. Which one of the following statements concerning the motion of the molecule is incorrect?
The magnitude of the change in momentum of the molecule is zero.
The magnitude of the change in momentum of the molecule is 2mu.
The force exerted by the molecule on the side of the container is equal to the force exerted by the container on the molecule.
The change in kinetic energy of the molecule is zero.
The graph shows how the resultant force, F, acting on a body varies with time, t.
What is the change in momentum of the body over the 5 s period?
2 Ns
8 Ns
10 Ns
12 Ns
A ball of mass m travelling at velocity v collides normally with a smooth wall, as shown in the diagram, and rebounds elastically.
Which line gives the correct expressions for the magnitude of the change of momentum, and the change of kinetic energy, of the ball?
magnitude of change of momentum: 2mv
change of kinetic energy: 0
magnitude of change of momentum: 2mv
change of kinetic energy: mv2
magnitude of change of momentum: 0
change of kinetic energy: 0
magnitude of change of momentum: 0
change of kinetic energy: mv2
A cricket ball of mass 0.16 kg travelling at a speed of 35 ms–1 is hit by a bat and, as a result of the impact, leaves the bat in the opposite direction at 30 ms–1. If the duration of the impact is 52 ms, what is the magnitude of the average force on the ball?
0.015 N
0.20 N
15 N
200 N
A ball is released so that it falls vertically. The graph shows how the resultant force acting on the ball changes with time.
Which one of the following is represented by the area under the graph?
distance travelled
gain in kinetic energy
acceleration
impulse
The graph shows how the force acting on a body changes with time.
The body has a mass of 0.25 kg and is initially at rest. What is the speed of the body after 40 s assuming no other forces are acting?
200 ms–1
400 ms–1
800 ms–1
1600 ms–1
A stationary unstable nucleus of mass M emits an α particle of mass m with kinetic energy E
What is the speed of recoil of the daughter nucleus?
Two ice skaters, initially at rest and in contact, push apart from each other.
Which line, A to D, in the table states correctly the change in the total momentum and the total kinetic energy of the two skaters?
A
B
C
D
A ball of mass 2.0 kg, initially at rest, is acted on by a force F which varies with time t as shown by the graph.
What is the velocity of the ball after 8.0 s?
20 ms–1
40 ms–1
80 ms–1
160 ms–1
A body X moving with a velocity v makes an elastic collision with a stationary body Y of equal mass on a smooth horizontal surface. Which line, A to D, in the table gives the velocities of the two bodies after the collision?
A
B
C
D
Which line, A to D, in the table shows correctly whether the moment of a force, and momentum, are scalar or vector quantities?
A
B
C
D
The graph shows how the resultant force applied to an object of mass 2.0 kg, initially at rest, varies with time.
What is the speed of the object after 1.0 s?
2.5 ms–1
5.0 ms–1
7.5 ms–1
10 ms–1
Which of the following is a possible unit for rate of change of momentum?
N s
N s–1
kg ms–1
kg ms–2
A rail truck X travels along a level track and collides with a stationary truck Y. The two trucks move together at the same velocity after the collision.
Which line states how the total momentum and the total kinetic energy of the trucks change as a result of the impact.
total momentum: unchanged
total kinetic energy: unchanged
total momentum: unchanged
total kinetic energy: decreases
total momentum: decreases
total kinetic energy: decreases
total momentum: decreases
total kinetic energy: unchanged
Which one of the following statements is correct?
The force acting on an object is equivalent to
its change of momentum.
the impulse it receives per second.
the energy it gains per second.
its acceleration per metre.
The graph shows how the force on a glider of mass 2000 kg changes with time as it is launched from a level track using a catapult.
Assuming the glider starts at rest what is its velocity after 40 s?
2.5 m s–1
10 m s–1
50 m s–1
100 m s–1
A gas molecule of mass m in a container moves with velocity v. If it makes an elastic collision at right angles to the walls of the container, what is the change in momentum of the molecule?
zero
21mv
mv
2mv
The graph shows the variation with time, t, of the force, F, acting on a body.
What physical quantity does the area X represent?
the displacement of the body
the acceleration of the body
the change in momentum of the body
the change in kinetic energy of the body
Water of density 1000 kg m–3 flows out of a garden hose of cross-sectional area 7.2 × 10–4 m2 at a rate of 2.0 × 10–4 m3 per second. How much momentum is carried by the water leaving the hose per second?
5.6 × 10–5 N s
5.6 × 10–2 N s
0.20 N s
0.72 N s
Which row, A to D, in the table correctly shows the quantities conserved in an inelastic collision?
A
B
C
D
Take the acceleration due to gravity, gE, as 10 ms−2 on the surface of the Earth.
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon is gE/6 . An object whose weight on Earth is 5.0 N is dropped from rest above the Moon’s surface. What is its momentum after falling for 3.0s?
2.5 kg m s−1
6.2 kg m s−1
15 kg m s−1
25 kg m s−1
A body is accelerated from rest by a constant force.
Which one of the following graphs best represents the variation of the body’s momentum p with time t?
A
B
C
D
The diagrams show the variation of velocity and acceleration with time for a body undergoing simple harmonic motion.
Which one of the following is proportional to the change in momentum of the body during the time covered by the graphs?
The area enclosed by the velocity-time graph and the time axis
The gradient of the velocity-time graph at the point P
The area enclosed by the acceleration-time graph and the time axis
The gradient of the acceleration-time graph at the point Q
The diagram shows the graph of force on a car against time when the car of mass 500 kg crashes into a wall without rebounding.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
The area under the graph is equal to the initial momentum of the car
Momentum is not conserved in the collision
Kinetic energy is conserved in the collision
The average force exerted on the car is 10 × 104 N
