WorksheetsDSL- Cardiovascular System
Total questions: 27
Worksheet time: 27mins
Listed below are the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures within a microcirculatory bed.
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg
Capillary hydrostatic pressure = 25 mm Hg
Venous hydrostatic pressure = 5 mm Hg
Arterial pressure = 80 mm Hg
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure = −5 mm Hg
Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure = 10 mm Hg
Capillary filtration coefficient = 10 ml/min/mm Hg
What is the rate of net fluid movement across the capillary wall?
25 ml/min
50 ml/min
100 ml/min
150 ml/min
200 ml/min
The diameter of a precapillary arteriole is decreased in a muscle vascular bed. Which change in the microcirculation would be expected?
Decreased capillary filtration rate
Increased interstitial volume
Increased lymph flow
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased arteriolar resistance
In control conditions, flow through a blood vessel is 100 ml/min under a pressure gradient of 50 mm Hg. What would be the approximate flow through the vessel after increasing the vessel diameter to four times normal, assuming that the pressure gradient was maintained at 50 mm Hg?
300 ml/min
1600 ml/min
1000 ml/min
16,000 ml/min
25,600 ml/min
An ACE inhibitor is administered to a 65-year-old man with a 20-year history of hypertension. The drug lowered his arterial pressure and increased his plasma levels of renin and bradykinin. Which mechanism would best explain the decrease in arterial pressure?
Inhibition of angiotensin I
Decreased conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Increased plasma levels of bradykinin
Increased plasma levels of renin
Decreased formation of angiotensin II
A healthy 22-year-old female medical student has an exercise stress test at a local health club. An increase in which of the following is most likely to occur in this woman’s skeletal muscles during exercise?
Vascular conductance
Blood flow
Carbon dioxide concentration
Arteriolar diameter
All the above
A balloon catheter is advanced from the superior vena cava into the heart and inflated to increase atrial pressure by 5 mm Hg. An increase in which of the following would be expected to occur in response to the elevated atrial pressure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
Renal sympathetic nerve activity
Which of the following vessels has the greatest total cross-sectional area in the circulatory system?
Aorta
Small arteries
Capillaries
Venules
Vena cava
An increase in atrial pressure results in which of the following?
Decrease in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide
Increase in plasma angiotensin II concentration
Increase in plasma aldosterone concentration
Increase in sodium excretion
Autoregulation of tissue blood flow in response to an increase in arterial pressure occurs as a result of which of the following?
Decrease in vascular resistance
Initial decrease in vascular wall tension
Excess delivery of nutrients such as oxygen to the tissues
Decrease in tissue metabolism
An increase in which of the following tends to decrease capillary filtration rate?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
Venous hydrostatic pressure
Arteriolar diameter
An increase in which of the following would be expected to occur in a person 2 weeks after an increase in sodium intake?
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
Potassium excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide
A decrease in the production of which of the following would most likely result in chronic hypertension?
Aldosterone
Thromboxane
Angiotensin II
Nitric oxide
Which of the following would be expected to occur during a Cushing reaction caused by brain ischemia?
Increase in parasympathetic activity
Decrease in arterial pressure
Decrease in heart rate
Increase in sympathetic activity
Which of the following tends to increase the net movement of glucose across a capillary wall?
Increase in plasma sodium concentration
Increase in the concentration difference of glucose across the wall
Decrease in wall permeability to glucose
Decrease in wall surface area without an increase in the number of pores
Decrease in plasma potassium concentration
A decrease in which of the following tends to increase pulse pressure?
Systolic pressure
Stroke volume
Arterial compliance
Venous return
Plasma volume
Blood flow to a tissue remains relatively constant despite a reduction in arterial pressure (autoregulation). Which of the following would be expected to occur in response to the reduction in arterial pressure?
Decreased conductance
Decreased tissue carbon dioxide concentration
Increased tissue oxygen concentration
Decreased vascular resistance
What would decrease venous hydrostatic pressure in the legs?
Increase in right atrial pressure
Pregnancy
Movement of leg muscles
Presence of ascitic fluid in the abdomen
What often occurs in decompensated heart failure?
Increased renal loss of sodium and water
Decreased mean systemic filling pressure
Increased norepinephrine in cardiac sympathetic nerves
Orthopnea
Weight loss
In which condition would you expect a decreased resistance to venous return?
Anemia
Increased venous resistance
Increased arteriolar resistance
Increased sympathetic output
Obstruction of veins
At the onset of exercise, what normally occurs?
Decreased cerebral blood flow
Increased venous constriction
Decreased coronary blood flow
Decreased mean systemic filling pressure
Increased parasympathetic impulses to the heart
Which vasoactive agent is usually the most important controller of coronary blood flow?
Adenosine
Bradykinin
Prostaglandins
Carbon dioxide
Potassium ions
Which statement about coronary blood flow is most accurate?
Normal resting coronary blood flow is 500 ml/min
The majority of flow occurs during systole
During systole, the percentage decrease in subendocardial flow is greater than the percentage decrease in epicardial flow
Adenosine release will normally decrease coronary flow
Which statement about the results of sympathetic stimulation is most accurate?
Epicardial flow increases
Venous resistance decreases
Arteriolar resistance decreases
Heart rate decreases
Venous reservoirs constrict
What is normally associated with the chronic stages of compensated heart failure? Assume the patient is resting.
Dyspnea
Decreased right atrial pressure
Decreased heart rate
Sweating
Increased mean systemic filling pressure
What normally occurs in a person with unilateral left heart failure?
Decreased pulmonary artery pressure
Decreased left atrial pressure
Decreased right atrial pressure
Edema of feet
Increased mean pulmonary filling pressure
What normally causes renal sodium retention during compensated heart failure?
Increased formation of angiotensin II
Increased release of atrial natriuretic factor
Sympathetic vasodilation of the afferent arterioles
Increased glomerular filtration rate
Increased formation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following occurs during heart failure and causes an increase in renal sodium excretion?
Increased aldosterone release
Increased atrial natriuretic factor release
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Increased angiotensin II release
Decreased mean arterial pressure
