The Spanish Government created an ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM that initially enslaved <<BLANK>> during colonization.

The KARANKAWAS lived in the COASTAL PLAINS. That means they were..........

The picture shows the Spanish Caste System. What would be the name of the group that belongs in LEVEL 1 (native born Europeans)

When the population of a region is divided into classes based on their ethnic heritage OR race, as they were in New Spain, the resulting social structure is best described as a(n) –

The U.S. Constitution can be AMENDED (or changed). Which of the following is NOT true about the amendment process.

The following pictures shows the American Colonists...

No "excessive fines" and no "illegal and cruel punishments."

The 8TH AMENDMENT says citizens shall have 'no excessive bail' or 'cruel and unusual punishments'. Which grievance below found in the Declaration of Independence is similar to the 8th Amendment?

The native Texas culture pictured would best be described as part of the

The Southeastern Culture lived in the NORTH CENTRAL region of Texas. They could be best described as having a...

Which of the following statements describes an ECONOMIC EFFECT of the Mexican War for Independence [1810-1821]?

Why is the BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD (1775) significant for the American Revolution?

Which INDIVIDUAL RIGHT from the Bill of Rights (1789) may have originated in this picture quote from the Magna Carta (1215)?

The ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP shown on the image is described as:

This image shows MERCANTILISM, because the colonies were ONLY allowed to trade with the MOTHER COUNTRY, to make her rich AND powerful. This IIMPACTED THE:

The United States government created by the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION:

General Santa Anna’s government was...

Citizens voting in elections for representatives shows which TWO PRINCIPLES?

A CITIZEN goes to the POLLS to VOTE for representatives. On the ballot, they also vote for state and local government decisions. THIS EXAMPLE shows all of the following principles EXCEPT:

A LONG-TERM effect of Spanish Colonization in the New World is...

"Coronado gathered 1,000 men and thousands of horses, mules, sheep and cattle for the expedition....Coronado … ordered them to submit to the King of Spain’s rule and convert to Christianity." THIS DESCRIBES A....

What does the picture show?

SPANISH MISSIONS in Texas were –

The main idea of the cartoon is about:

American Revolution: PATRIOTS

Mexican War of Independence: MESTIZOS and NATIVES

Which reason was SIMILAR for both groups wanting INDEPENDENCE?

The statement, “included separation of powers between three branches of government,” would –

This native culture rode horses and hunted buffalo. Who are they and where did they live?

Which of the following are characteristics of the Mountains and Basins region of Texas?

I. Hot, dry climate causes it to have a lower population than other regions

II. Fertile soil and availability of water from rivers improve agricultural production

III. Has the most diverse geography with both very low and very high elevations

Which one summarizes the DIFFERENCE between why the BRITISH wanted to colonize and the SPANISH?

The BATTLE OF SARATOGA (1777) is considered a TURNING POINT in the American Revolution. Which of the following is NOT a reason for this:

As one TRAVELS EAST across Texas, what would a Comanche [PLAINS CULTURE] experience:

ARTICLE I of the U.S. Constitution says:

"All _____________ powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives..."

Which PRINCIPLE matches correctly with the TEXT EVIDENCE?

CONGRESS is divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate. This is because of the GREAT COMPROMISE, which combined the New Jersey Plan and Virginia Plan.

Which plan is reflected in how the SENATE is composed?

A person who was given a contract to create a colony in Tejas and responsible for bringing families from the United States [ANGLOS] to Mexico would best be described as

One economic reason that Anglos accepted the Mexican government’s offer to colonize in Coahuila y Tejas was they –

When the Mexican Government began allowing Anglos to colonize Tejas, they had to: obey Mexican laws; be Christian; speak Spanish and adopt the Mexican Culture.

The government required this of Anglos because Mexico:

UNALIENABLE RIGHTS of LIFE, ___________, and HAPPINESS.

unalienable rights refer to rights that are –

Which of the following had the greatest NEGATIVE EFFECT on the Native American populations in the New World during the Columbian Exchange?

Bartolome de Las Casas, a Spanish priest, claimed that the primary motivation [3G'S] for Spanish exploration of the New World SHOULD be to

One cause of the American Revolution was the requirement that the British colonies could ONLY trade with their mother country and would be fined or taxed heavily if they disobeyed.

THIS IS KNOWN AS:

The individuals that Spain sent to the New World to claim land and find natural resources were known as —

A NEGATIVE EFFECT of the Spanish Missions was that "many Native Texan groups’ traditions and rituals were no longer practiced.."

This is an example of:

The _____________ region supported the LARGEST NUMBER of Native American groups/tribes in Texas.

The ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM [Spain] and the PLANTATION SIMILAR [Britain] were very similar because BOTH enslaved a group of people and forced them to work for a specific master or owner for free.

America's FIRST PLAN of government was the...

This plan was WEAK, since it gave al the power to the STATE GOVERNMENTS.

Under the Articles of Confederation, there was ONLY 1 BRANCH of government. Which branch was it?

HINT: A success of the Articles of Confederation is the passing of the law, the Northwest Ordinance.

A SUCCESS of the Articles of Confederation was the _________________, [1787] a law to admit new states from the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River that was gained through the Treaty of Paris (1783).

The Northwest Ordinance [1787], a success of the Articles of Confederation, outlined a list of rights and requirements for individuals who moved to new territories before it became a STATE which included ALL OF THE FOLLOWING except [not true]

The ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION was very weak. All of the following are WEAKNESSES, except [NOT TRUE].

It was not until _________________, [1787] a rebellion by Massachusetts farmers over the collection of state taxes that the national military could NOT help put down, that the political leaders of the country realized that the Articles of Confederation was TOO WEAK and NEEDED TO BE FIXED.

Because of SHAYS' REBELLION [1787], the leaders of the new country decided to meet to review the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION at the Constitutional Convention. BUT INSTEAD, decided to draft a new constitution (a new plan of government).

One of the plans introduced at the Constitutional Convention [1787] was a plan that stated that REPRESENTATION in the legislative branch should ONLY BE BASED ON POPULATION.

The more populated a state was, the more representatives it would have in Congress.

One of the plans introduced at the Constitutional Convention [1787] was a plan that stated that REPRESENTATION in the legislative branch should be EQUAL FOR ALL STATES.

All states have equal power.

The GREAT COMPROMISE combined the New Jersey Plan (EQUAL REPRESENTATION) and the Virginia Plan (REPRESENTATION BASED ON POPULATION).

It created a Congress/Legislature that was:

The GREAT COMPROMISE combined the New Jersey Plan (EQUAL REPRESENTATION) and the Virginia Plan (REPRESENTATION BASED ON POPULATION).

It created a Congress/Legislature that has TWO HOUSES (bicameral).

The UPPER HOUSE is called the:

The GREAT COMPROMISE combined the New Jersey Plan (EQUAL REPRESENTATION) and the Virginia Plan (REPRESENTATION BASED ON POPULATION).

It created a Congress/Legislature that has TWO HOUSES (bicameral).

The LOWER HOUSE is called the:

The GREAT COMPROMISE combined the New Jersey Plan (EQUAL REPRESENTATION) and the Virginia Plan (REPRESENTATION BASED ON POPULATION).

It created a Congress/Legislature that has TWO HOUSES (bicameral), the SENATE (upper house) and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (lower house).

Which plan is represented in the UPPER HOUSE (the Senate) if each state gets 2 senators?

The GREAT COMPROMISE combined the New Jersey Plan (EQUAL REPRESENTATION) and the Virginia Plan (REPRESENTATION BASED ON POPULATION).

It created a Congress/Legislature that has TWO HOUSES (bicameral), the SENATE (upper house) and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (lower house).

Which plan is represented in the LOWER HOUSE (the House of Representatives) if each state gets representatives based on population?

Because slaves made up such a large percentage of the population in the _______. This region would benefit if slaves counted for representation under the U.S. Constitution.

At the Constitutional Convention, the question of representation and slavery was discussed.

The Southern states wanted slaves to count for REPRESENTATION only.

BUT

The Northern states wanted slaves to count for TAXATION only.

Which COMPROMISE solved this debate?

The 3/5ths Compromise solved the issue of representation and slavery at the Constitutional Convention.

It STATED: For every ___ slaves, ___ slaves will count as 'free people' for TAXATION and REPRESENTATION in the House of Representatives.

TO RATIFY (=approve).

At the Constitutional Convention, this group of thinkers were FOR ratification of the U.S. Constitution, believed in a STRONG FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, and included people like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. They even wrote some essays to convince others of why the U.S. Constitution was needed--The Federalist Papers.

They were the:

TO RATIFY (=approve).

At the Constitutional Convention, this group of thinkers were AGAINST ratification of the U.S. Constitution, believed in STRONG STATE GOVERNMENTS, and included people like Samuel Adams. They also argued that the U.S. Constitution was missing/lacked a Bill of Rights to protect INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS.

They were the:

Which of the following was the PRIMARY EFFECT of the SPANISH MISSIONS in Texas?

The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory (1803) for $15 MILLION from what country?

In what year did Mexico WIN its independence from Spain?

Meaning: in what year did the war END.

The encomienda system initially used Native Americans as slaves while the plantation system used Africans as slaves.

NEW SPAIN: Who paid the MOST TAXES and had the LEAST OPPORTUNITIES and were hurt by ECONOMIC INSTABILITY?

A “republic” could best be defined as a government in which power rests with —

Most of the effects of the Mexican War for Independence actually caused more problems [NEGATIVE] EXCEPT

After seizing the wealth of the Native American empires, the Spanish turned to an __________________, in which the king of Spain gave grants of land to individual Spanish conquistadores, giving conquistadores control over the LAND and any NATIVE AMERICANS already living there.

The Spanish missionaries had the goal of “civilizing” the Native Americans.

The main effect of this “civilization” process was diminished Native American cultures and on some missions, Native Americans were even treated as slaves.

In 1519, _________ became the first European to map the coastline of Texas.

Beginning in the 1600s, other European countries such as France and Great Britain joined Spain in establishing settlements in North America.

In order to protect their land in TEXAS, the Spanish government created MISSIONS/PRESIDIOS.

___________refers to cultures who move from place to place, often following a food source, rather than staying in one place.

The first Texans of the ___________ lived in the Coastal Plains region.

This culture was primarily NOMADIC, relying on fishing, hunting, and gathering as a result of the availability of water and animals to hunt.

TRIBE: Karankawa

The first Texans of the ___________ lived in the Great Plains region.

They were also nomadic and relied on hunting and gathering as a result of the movement of herds of buffalo.

TRIBE: Comanche

The first Texans of the ___________ lived in the North Central region.

Relied mostly on a permanent lifestyle of farming as a result of consistent rainfall and fertile soil.

TRIBE: Caddo

The first Texans of the ___________ lived in the Mountains and Basins region.

Modified the environment by building permanent dwellings and creating irrigation systems to support their farming practices.

TRIBE: Jumano

During the last ICE AGE (12,000 years ago), there was an exposed piece of land that connected Alaska [NORTH AEMERICA] and ASIA.

This piece of land is today under water known as the __________.

As one travels WEST across Texas, the land gets ________ and ________ .

This is an ADOBE HOUSE that the Jumano built (Pueblo Culture). They were PERMANENT.

In which region would you find them?

Were built to protect the missions and guard against French forces and American Indians on the frontier.

Were built to spread the Catholic faith to American Indians and to gain control of the frontier.

Right to a SPEEDY and FAIR TRIAL by a JURY 🧑🏿‍🤝‍🧑🏿

The 10TH AMENDMENT says states have RESERVED POWERS, meaning it SHARES power with the federal government. Which principle does this exemplify?

Congress (Legislative Branch) passes a bill, and the President (Executive Branch) vetoes (refuses to sign) it.

The Senate (Legislative Branch) passes a bill.

Due Process, or the legal rights of the accused, is found in:

The BEST title for the information in the diagram above is —

Agriculture [FARMING] was important to the development of Native American cultures in Texas because it allowed people to —

ALL of the following were results of Spanish exploration of the New World EXCEPT—

According to the map , which of the following explains why there were NOT many missions in WEST TEXAS?

The information in the diagram is a result of —

Which of the following explains Father Hidalgo’s significance?