Injury or compression to the long thoracic nerve can cause weakness to the _____ and lead to which condition?

A positive varus stress test at the elbow would most likely indicate damage to what structures:

All of the motions below are necessary to place a patient in the position of active insufficiency of the biceps brachii EXCEPT...

The supraspinatus contracts eccentrically during abduction of the shoulder.

A nurse missed a patient's median cubital vein while trying to withdraw blood and then inserted the needle far too deeply into the cubital fossa. This error could cause any of the following problems EXCEPT:

Abduction of the thumb occurs perpendicular to the palm.

The axis of rotation for wrist movements is reported to pass through which structure:

The boutonniere deformity is described as:

Normal range of motion for elbow extension and flexion is:

Which prehension pattern below will be utilized to grasp a glass of water?

Motions that increase tension in the medial collateral ligament of the elbow are:

Flexion and extension of the CMC joint occur parallel to the palm.

The close-packed position of the MCP joints is which of the following positions?

Which of the carpal bones can be palpated in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

Which carpal bone is saddle shaped, allowing a wide range of motion at its articulation with the 1st metacarpal?

Which carpal bone has the characteristics of a sesamoid bone?

A patient with weak or paralyzed finger flexors may produce a slight grip (tenodesis) by...

A swan neck deformity of the fingers would be characterized by which following presentation...

The most congruent position (close-packed) of the proximal interphalangeal joints is

Ulnar tilt of the distal radius allows for more _____ and palmar tilt allows for more _____ at the wrist.

The ultimate function of motion at the scapulothoracic joint is to:

Injury to what structure would most likely result in a shoulder AC joint "separation" injury?

What position would provide for passive insufficiency of the long head of the triceps brachii?

Impingement syndrome at the subacromial space would typically include injury to which of the following TWO structures (select BOTH)?

The properly functioning rotator cuff assists in all of the following activities except?

As the clavicle is elevated, the scapula experiences downward rotation.

Stability of the glenuhumeral joint is mainly from:

What degree of shoulder flexion ROM at the glenohumeral joint would be typical?

All of the following are upward rotators of the scapula at the scapulothoracic joint except.

The end feel of complete elbow extension is

Which of the following is true regarding the "screw home mechanism" of the elbow?

The close-packed position of the humeroulnar joint includes the following TWO motions (select BOTH):

Max flexion torque for the 3 primary flexors occurs at what degree of elbow flexion?

You are evaluating a healthy patient for flexion PROM of the elbow. You would expect the flexion PROM to be close to what value below?

For open chain flexion at the humeroradial joint, the arthrokinematics are as follows

For open chain supination at the distal radioulnar joint, the arthrokinmatics are as follows...

The Ulna accepts 80% of all compressive forces though the wrist.

]The supinators are capable of producing more torque than the pronators.

The functional wrist-hand position places the thumb in _____ opposition compared to the resting wrist-hand position.

When fabricating a Rancho style hand orthosis, at what length would you terminate the thumb post?

A "long opponens" orthosis refers to…

Which named hand orthosis design offers adjustability due to being formed from aluminum?

Which joint utilizes the most degrees of freedom?

The "functional arc" of range of motion for the forearm that is needed to perform normal daily activities is which of the following?

Which WHO design would be most appropriate for a patient with wrist extensor strength of 3/5, whose strength decreases to 2/5 when fatigued?

Which of the following would be the most precise form of prehension?

An "opponens bar" in an upper extremity orthosis does which of the following?

Which position would provide for passive insufficiency of the long head of the triceps brachii?

Various pinch prehension maneuvers are all reliant on function of which nerve?

Which of the carpal bones can be palpated in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

The "functional arc" of range of motion for the forearm that is needed to perform normal daily activities is which of the following?

Due to metacarpal length/positioning, MCP joints are aligned oblique to the distal ends of the radius and ulna.

You are evaluating a healthy patient for flexion PROM of the elbow. You would expect the flexion PROM to be close to which value below?

What is the primary function of brachioradialis?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the carrying angle of the elbow?

More than others, which joint relies heavily on muscle tone and function for its stability?

The deltoid muscle acts to abduct the shoulder with what other muscle?

Which WHO design would be most appropriate for a patient with wrist extensor strength of 1/5?

A "palmar bar" in an upper extremity orthosis does which of the following?

Which answer below best describes the position of active insufficiency for the biceps brachii?

Digitopalmar grip maneuvers are all reliant on the function of which nerve more than others?

Which named hand orthosis design requires casting and allows for active opposition of the 4th and 5th fingers?

Which named hand orthosis design is typically produced as prefabricated thermoplastic hand shells?

The "functional arc" of range of motion for the elbow that is needed to perform normal daily activities is which of the following?

All of the following prehensile patterns involve the thumb EXCEPT:

The functional wrist-hand position places the MCP joints in _____ flexion compared to the resting wrist-hand position.

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi are all muscles that make up the _____.

The functional wrist-hand position places the thumb in _____ opposition compared to the resting wrist-hand position.

Which type of humeral fracture would you most likely see as an orthotist?

Use of distal outriggers in upper limb orthosis design is most often seen in the treatment of which condition?

Edema following severe burns can arguably be more detrimental to recovery than the initial cell death injury.

A patient is seen in clinic. The patient presents with a midshaft humeral fracture (10 degrees of varus is noted at the fracture site). What orthosis would you recommend?

A fracture involving the distal articular surface of the humerus can lead to degenerative elbow arthritis.

If a patient has sustained burn on her hand and is at risk for clawhand deformity, where was the most likely location of the burn?

Which thumb deformity can result from rheumatoid arthritis and presents with MCP hyperextension and IP flexion?

If a patient has sustained burn on her hand and is at risk for flexion contractures at all joints, where was the most likely location of the burn?

Trimlines of a humeral fracture brace in the upper extremity need to encompass the fracture site.

Which of the following appropriately describes the alignment deformity risks at the MCP joints for an individual with severe rheumatoid arthritis?

Which potential condition following a severe burn includes MCP hyperextension?

Which nerve injury is most likely with a displaced mid-shaft humeral fracture?

Orthotic treatment is often used for all of the following types of burns EXCEPT:

The younger someone is, the more likely that a bone fracture will heal quicker.

Which thumb deformity can result from rheumatoid arthritis and presents with MCP flexion and IP hyperextension?

Which type of deformity results from damage to the central slip of a phalanx?

The condition of Ulnar drift occurs at what joint?

Which type of arthritis is most synonymous with "degenerative joint disease"?

What modification can you make to an ulnar fracture orthosis to increase its effectiveness at immobilizing a distal 2/3 ulnar fracture?

Which joint(s) of the hand is/are most susceptible to osteoarthritis? (select only one answer)

A very tight extensor digitorum muscle prevents full finger flexion into a fist from taking place, especially if the wrist is also flexed. This is an example of _____.

Some shoulder elbow wrist orthoses position the glenohumeral joint in its close-packed position. Which of the following describes that position?

This prehensile pattern is characterized by stabilizing the object between thumb and lateral border of the index finger.

In forearm pronation…

You are evaluating a healthy patient for flexion PROM of the elbow. You would expect the flexion PROM to be close to which value below?

Which of the following muscles is not part of the thenar eminence?

Which upper limb orthotic device utilizes parallelogram mechanical linkage in its design?

Assuming a mobile thumb, which of the following is the most important unit for achieving span grasp – specifically spherical grip as in holding a ball?

A patient you are working with has a median nerve lesion. You would expect that they will have loss of all functions EXCEPT:

Which type of peripheral nerve injury results in "intrinsic minus" deformity?

For which brachial plexus injury pathology would a wrist driven WHO be a more appropriate choice?

A brachial plexus injury occurs resulting in decreased wrist and hand function. Which type of injury is most likely the cause?

Which is a more serious brachial plexus injury that has a poorer prognosis?

Which specific brachial plexus injury results in the "intrinsic minus" hand position?

C8 and T1 involvement in a brachial plexus injury typically results in what is referred to as…

Your patient presents with her right radial nerve intact and severed median and ulnar nerves. What orthosis should you recommend?

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus leads to which of the following nerves?

Which specific brachial plexus injury results in what is referred to as "waiter's tip position"?

Which condition might show limited improvement after use of NSAIDs and rest/immobilization?

Which of the following appropriately describes carpal tunnel syndrome?

Which muscle would MOST likely be involved in tennis elbow?

Which of the following is true regarding Nursemaid's elbow?

What is the appropriate wrist positioning for an orthosis meant to treat carpal tunnel syndrome?

Which of the following appropriately describes cubital tunnel syndrome?

Which is correct?

Which of the following muscle tendons are most likely involved in De Quervain's tenosynovitis?

In which condition is the DIP not in flexion?

Which phalangeal deformity occurs as a result of disruption of the central slip at the PIP joint?

The lumbricals act to:

The axillary nerve branches most closely off of which of the following nerves?

You see a patient with wrist drop, paralysis of the triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, and extensor muscles of the wrist and digits. What nerve is responsible for this and where likely is the injury?

The radial nerve is injured within the radial groove. Which muscle would NOT be paralyzed?

Which nerve root is least often impacted in a brachial plexus injury?

Injury to the median nerve will result in what characteristic appearance when a patient tries to make a fist?

Orthotic treatment for basilar joint arthritis and De Quervain's tenosynovitis requires the application of similar immobilization principles.

Which condition might respond best to NSAIDs and rest/immobilization?

Regarding Dupuytren's contracture and trigger finger, in both conditions, the finger is flexed and cannot be extended at all without surgery.

Which phalangeal deformity occurs as a result of a volar plate avulsion at the PIP joint?

A very severe case of cubital tunnel syndrome could result in…

Nursemaid's elbow refers to…

Most patients who has sustained a spinal cord injury are…

Your patient has sustained a spinal cord injury, and upon evaluation you find that the strength in her extremities is largely unimpaired, but she has minimal position sense of her joints and major sensory impairment. Which diagnosis is most appropriate for her?

Which nerve risks entrapment at the elbow due to traction from spastic positioning (if orthotic treatment is not implemented)?

In a spinal cord injury, which is typically the case?

Flexor spasticity and contracture can be expected at the wrist and hand for most stroke patients when not treated early.

A manual muscle test assessment of knee extension provides a quick assessment of the motor integrity of which spinal level?

Which type of incomplete spinal cord injury is the most common?

Which is likely the most appropriate daytime orthosis for a patient with a complete C6 spinal cord injury?

In cases of stroke and traumatic brain injury, the majority of motor recovery is said to occur within…

Which is likely the most appropriate daytime orthosis for a patient with a complete C7 spinal cord injury?

To quickly assess the motor integrity of the C6 spinal level, what would you ask your patient to do (as you hold their limb segment in resistance)?

A manual muscle test assessment of long toe extension provides a quick assessment of the motor integrity of which spinal level?

Which of the following refers to the resistance of muscle to fast movement (velocity-dependent)?

Which is likely the most appropriate daytime orthosis for a patient with a complete C8 spinal cord injury?

Which of the following refers to a series of involuntary, rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations?

How is the electrical signal stopped when botulinum toxin has been used?

When someone is given a botox injection to treat spasticity, results will be apparent immediately.

Which of the following describes a patient's clinical presentation if they have Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

To quickly assess the motor integrity of the C8 spinal level, what would you ask your patient to do (as you hold their limb segment in resistance)?

For which diagnosis would orthotic intervention of a wrist driven WHO with extension assist likely be most appropriate?

Which of the following refers to the resistance of muscle to slow movement?

Which typically happens first following acute ischemic stroke?

Severe extensor spasticity and contracture can be expected at the elbow for most stroke patients when not treated early.

Which is likely the most appropriate daytime orthosis for a patient with a complete C5 spinal cord injury?

All injectable options to treat spasticity wear off in six months or less.

For which diagnosis would orthotic intervention of a wrist driven WHO without extension assist likely be most appropriate?

A manual muscle test assessment of ankle plantarflexion provides a quick assessment of the motor integrity of which spinal level?

A patient with a diagnosis of Brown Sequard Syndrome (SCI) occurring at C4 and affecting his right upper extremity and right lower extremity comes to your clinic for a LE orthosis. He is ambulatory but requires minimal assistance. Initially, what assistive device would be most appropriate?

A manual muscle test assessment of ankle dorsiflexion provides a quick assessment of the motor integrity of which spinal level?

Which of the following muscle tendons are most likely involved in De Quervain's tenosynovitis?

Which muscle would MOST likely be involved in golfer's elbow?

Which muscle would LEAST likely be involved in medial epicondylitis?

You see a patient who describes pain in her shoulder after chopping wood. You find on physical examination weakness with shoulder flexion and you note scapular winging. What is most likely the cause?