Pharmaceutical equivalents are drug products that contain:

The purpose of biotransformation reaction is:

The advantage of sublingual/buccal administration is

In LADMER system, L stands for liberation as the first step which determines the ff. aspects, EXCEPT:

Factor that contribute to patient’s difference in drug concentration in the body except;

The effect of reduced particle size of a drug s:

A cause of patient to patient variability of time course of the drug in the plasma is:

Dissolution rate tests can be used to predict bioavailability if:

Elimination half-life of a drug is the time in hours needed to reduce drug concentration to:

Tmax means:

The difference in bioavailability of a drug product of the same therapeutic agent is due to:

The ultimate evaluation of dosage forms or delivery system is on:

A rate limiting factor in the dissolution of drugs is:

15. To generally increase the solubility of a poorly soluble drug in an aqueous medium, the process is:

The ionization constant of a drug is important in bioavailability since it determines the ff. except;

Which of the crystal forms give the best dissolution rate?

For faster absorption, what type of diluent or filler is needed if the drug is hydrophobic?

The route of administration which will by-pass the GIT degradation and hepatic metabolism is:

A branch of science which deals with the changes of drug concentration and its metabolites in the human or animal body after administration is:

The first step which determines the onset of action, rate of absorption, availability is:

The integral of drug level over time from zero to infinity is:

A site in the biophase to which drug molecules can be bound is:

A branch of science which deals with physical and chemical properties of the drug substance, the dosage form, and the biological effectiveness of a drug or drug product upon administration is:

The ability of a substance to exist in different crystalline forms is:

Differences in bioavailability are most frequently observed with drugs administered by which of the following route?

Which of the ff. factors delays transmit time?

S drug can exert its pharmacologic effect only when it is:

The principal site of drug metabolism is:

The mechanism for drug excretion via the kidney is:

The major plasma protein involved in the distribution of weak acid is:

The rate at which the drug appears in the bloodstream is known as:

The dose size required to maintain effectiveness or therapeutic concentration according to the dosage regimen is:

34. An inactive or much less active substance which is transformed to active drug in the body is:

Studies of bioavailability are generally not required when:

Gastric emptying is showed by the ff. except:

The ratio of the concentration of a drug in two immiscible phases is known as the

The metabolism of drugs generally results in:

Liberation is a process controlled by:

Reabsorption of drugs and its metabolites occurs in the:

Which of the ff factors affect the dissolution in the lipid membrane of the lipid soluble unionized fluid compartment:

The prerequisites of the binding of a drug to a receptor are as follows, EXCEPT

The following mechanism of absorption required the presence of drug in aqueous solution, EXCEPT:

A type of transport whereby drug molecules dissolved in aqueous medium at the absorption site move along with the liquid through the pore.

The ff. compounds are absorbed via convective transport EXCEPT:

When a substance is half ionized at a certain pH, its pKa is

The Noyes-Whitney Equation determines

48. Differences in bioavailability are most frequently observed with drugs administered by which of the ff routes?

49. When considering drug transport, a “passive transport process” implies that:

The rate of diffusion of drugs across biological membranes is most commonly:

In general, various oral dosage forms can be ranked in which of the ff expected order of availability (fastest to slowest)

The rectal route of administration may be preferred over the oral route for some drug because:

Drugs that are poorly lipid soluble or extensively ionized at the pH of the blood generally

The ff statements are true, EXCEPT

These are addition compounds of drug and organic solvents:

The displacement of drug from protein binding site causes:

The major pathway of excretion

Which of the ff factors tend to alter the rate of absorption?

Which of the ff properties of surfactants tend to increase the rate of dissolution?

Which of the ff events modify drug absorption?

The process that determines absolute bioavailability are the first pass effect and:

A relative bioavailability study is necessary when there is:

In organs and tissues that are well perfused:

The ff pathological states influence the volume of distribution, EXCEPT

Renal clearance depends on:

The breakdown of ingested foreign compounds to simpler structures:

The magnitude of bile production depends on

Biliary excretion principle

Biotransformation of a drug takes place in the liver in the presence of:

Due to their anatomical structure, the organ which is the most important site of drug absorption is

A factor determining the activity of a drug:

Factor affecting difference between loading and maintenance doses

Factor affecting gastric emptying time of a drug

Application of clinical pharmaceutics as to management of individual patient is the:

If the extent and rate of absorption is similar to the standard drug, it has achieved the:

The time in hours necessary to reduce the drug concentration in the blood, the plasma, or serum, to half its original concentration after equilibrium is reached:

The hypothetical plasma volume in ml of the unmetabolized drug which is cleared in one minute via the kidney:

An entity which can be described by a definite volume and a concentration of drug contained in that volume:

79. A cell or cell compartment where the final interaction between drug and receptor takes place

Drugs that are absorbed in the GIT are generally:

The volume of distribution of a drug is

The biologic half life of many drugs is often prolonged in new born infants because of:

Which of the ff factors increase the rate of gastric emptying?

The force of attraction which binds drugs to albumin:

The metabolism and/or the elimination of a drug by gastrointestinal and hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme which can occur after oral administration of a drug:

The administration of the same dose of active ingredient in different galenic forms:

Possible approaches to measure the bioavailability

Drugs that are usually released much more slowly from fat because

Cumulative urinary excretion is often used in pharmacokinetic and clinical studies in man and animals to learn about the disposition of the drugs and to determine the ff.:

The theory which states that the cell membrane is made up of a bi-lipid layer and fluid protein molecules interspersed in between the 2 layers of lipid

It is the loss of the drug from the central compartment due to transfer into other compartments and or elimination or metabolism

Obtained when the drug product is administered at the site where the pharmacological response is desired and when the drug released from the product acts by the adsorption to the skin or mucosa or penetrates into the skin or mucosa, but does not enter the systemic circulation or lymphatic system.

Maintenance of a steady state which characterize the internal environment of the healthy organism.

The speed of blood perfusion in an organ, usually expressed in ml/100g organ weight/min

Those drugs which the pharmacological actions depend directly on the chemical structure of the drug.

If drug A is more lipophilic than drug B, then;

Drugs of low solubility may be brought into solution by the use of:

A type of antagonism whereby the agonist and antagonist bind to different receptor and have opposite pharmacologic actions:

The LADME system is employed in:

A type of antagonism whereby the antagonist forms irreversible receptor binding: