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WorksheetsPhysical Science Mid Term Exam Review
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 3hrs 39mins
The atomic number of an atom is defined as which of the following?
A. mass in amu
B. number of electrons
C. mass in grams
D. number of protons
In Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiments, some alpha particles were deflected from their original paths, but most passed through the foil with no deflection. Which statement about gold atoms is supported by these experimental observations?
A. Alpha particles and gold nuclei have opposite charges.
B. Gold atoms are similar to alpha particles.
C. Gold atoms consist mostly of empty space.
D. Alpha particles are less dense than gold atoms.
Using a periodic table, what is the average atomic mass of cobalt (Co)?
A. 40.08 amu
B. 52.00 amu
C. 58.93 amu
D. 65.55 amu
What is the charge of an electron?
A. -2
B. -1
C. 0
D. +1
Arsenic is a metalloid. Which statement best describes arsenic?
A. Arsenic is similar to a nonmetal because it is a gas at room temperature and similar to a metal because it is not malleable.
B. Arsenic is similar to a nonmetal because it is brittle and similar to a metal because it conducts heat and electricity well.
C. Arsenic is only similar to a metal because it is not ductile and is a gas at room temperature
D. Arsenic is only similar to a nonmetal because it is a good conductor and is reflective.
Due to the number of valence electrons, which type of atom would a Group 1 element bond with in a 1:1 ratio?
A. argon
B. oxygen
C. carbon
D. fluorine
What is the most important factor in determining how an atom will bond?
A. the number of protons the atom has
B. the number of neutrons the atom has
C. the number of isotopes of the atom that exist
D. the number of electrons in the atom's outermost energy level
The chemical properties of calcium are most similar to the chemical properties of
A. Ar.
B. K.
C. Sc.
D. Mg.
The periodic table of elements is shown.
Which element has chemical properties that are MOST similar to those of calcium?
A. Sr
B. K
C. Co
D. N
Which sequence of atomic numbers represents elements that have similar chemical properties?
A. 3, 12, 21, 40
B. 4, 20, 38, 88
C. 9, 16, 33, 50
D. 19, 23, 30, 36
The diagram shows the periodic table of elements with one group highlighted.
Carol has an unknown element in group 17. Using the periodic table, how many valence electrons does her element have?
A. five
B. seven
C. nine
D. seventeen
What leads to the formation of a covalent bond?
A. the transfer of electrons
B. the sharing of an electron pair
C. the transfer of protons
D. the sharing of a proton pair
What is the overall charge of the compound sodium chloride?
A. -2
B. 0
C. +1
D. +3
In a chemical equation, what indicates the number of molecules of a given substance?
A. subscript
B. coefficient
C. superscript
D. reaction number
Which best describes a stable binary ionic compound?
two ions with the same charges and a net charge of negative one (-1)
two ions with opposite charges and a net charge of positive one (+1)
two ions with the same charges and a net charge of zero (0)
two ions with opposite charges and a net charge of zero (0)
What is the formula for the compound formed when aluminum ions (Al3+) and chloride ions (Cl- ) unite?
A. AlCl
B. Al2Cl
C. AlCl2
D. AlCl3
What does a chemical formula show?
A. the number and type of each atom in a compound
B. the number of each atom in a compound, only
C. the chemical properties of atoms in a compound
D. the mass of atoms in a compound
What is the chemical name for NO2?
A. nitrogen oxide
B. nitrogen dioxide
C. nitrogen trioxide
D. nitrogen monoxide
What is the chemical formula for dinitrogen monoxide?
A. NO
B. NO2
C. 2NO2
D. N2O
In a chemical reaction, how does the total mass of the products compare to the total mass of the reactants?
A. They are always equal.
B. The reactants are always smaller.
C. The reactants are always larger.
D. They are never equal.
H2SO4 + Ca --> CaSO4 + H2
This is a ______________________reaction.
A. double replacement
B. decomposition
C. synthesis
D. single replacement
Look at the following chemical equation.
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
Does this equation follow the conservation of mass?
A. Yes, because the mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products.
B. No, because the mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products.
C. No, because the coefficient of the reactant is less than the coefficient sum of the products
D. Yes, because each atom that is in the reactants is found in the products.
The equation shows an unbalanced chemical reaction.
BaO + H2O → Ba(OH)2
Which coefficients correctly balances this reaction?
A. 2, 1, 2
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 1, 2, 1
D. 1, 1, 1
Which of the following is a balanced equation?
A. Na2S + 2KCl → 2NaCl + K2S
B. LiCl + 2H2O → 2HCl + Li2O
C. 2KBr + 2CaO → K2O + CaBr2
D. NaCl + H2O → NaO + 2HCl
Look at the following chemical equation.
8Ag2S → 10Ag + S8
What is true about this chemical equation?
It is balanced because the products contain the same number of sulfur (S) atoms as the reactants.
It is unbalanced because the products contain fewer silver (Ag) atoms than the reactants
It is balanced because the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.
t is unbalanced because the number of reactants is less than the number of products.
Look at the following equation.
__NaCl + __CaF2 → __NaF +__CaCl2
In order to follow the law of conservation of mass, this equation must have which set of coefficients, in order from left to right?
A. 2, 1, 3, 1
B. 2, 2, 2, 2
C. 2, 1, 2, 1
D. 1, 3, 1, 3
Which of the following describes a relationship between an atomic property and nuclear power generation?
Atoms such as the uranium-235 isotope absorb energy when they are split into smaller atoms.
Atoms such as the uranium-235 isotope can bond with other atoms to form larger molecules, releasing energy in the process.
Atoms such as the uranium-235 isotope can bond with other atoms to form larger molecules, absorbing energy in the process
Atoms such as the uranium-235 isotope release energy when they are split into smaller atoms.
Which of the following BEST describes what occurs in a fusion reaction?
wo low mass nuclei are joined to form one nucleus and gives off energy.
A single nucleus divides into two or more nuclei and gives off energy.
Electrons are shared between the nuclei
A chemical reaction occurs between the nuclei.
Which are nuclear reactions that produce energy by either splitting a nucleus or joining nuclei?
A. fission and fusion
B. chemical and fusion
C. electrical and mechanical
D. fission and electromagnetic
How many half-lives does it take for a radioactive substance to decay until only one quarter of the original substance remains?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
The graph shows the radioactive decay of a bone that is found to contain 1/8 of the carbon-14 found in living animals today. Approximately how old is the bone?
A. 5,730 years
B. 11,460 years
C. 17,190 years
D. 22,920 years
A student wants to determine the half-life of a sample. What will the student need to measure?
the rate at which nuclei in the sample decay
the rate at which electrons collide within the sample
the rate at which molecules in the sample form bonds
the rate at which atoms are produced within the sample
What is a benefit of using nuclear energy as an alternative energy source?
Nuclear power does not create extra heat as energy is being generated.
Nuclear power plants do not pose any risks to the communities they serve.
Nuclear power plants are more inexpensive to build than other power plants
Nuclear power releases less greenhouse gases than most other energy sources.
In 2011, a 15-meter-tall tsunami caused by an undersea earthquake seriously damaged a nuclear power plant on the coast of Japan. What pollutant resulted from the accident that is harmful to organisms?
A. ozone depletion
B. acid rain
C. radioactive gases
D. global warming
The protons and neutrons of three carbon isotopes are shown. Which BEST describes the difference between carbon-12 and carbon-14?
A. Carbon-12 has two less protons than carbon-14.
B. Carbon-14 has one less proton than carbon-12.
C. Carbon-12 has one more neutron than carbon-14.
D. Carbon-14 has two more neutrons than carbon-12.
Which of the following lists of elements contains a metal, a metalloid, a nonmetal, and a noble gas?
A. Be, Si, Cl, Kr
B. C, N, Ne, Ar
C. K, Fe, B, F
D. Na, Zn, As, Sb
Over time, scientists such as Newlands, Mendeleev, and Moseley aided in the formation and organization of the periodic table. How is today's modern periodic table organized?
A. by atomic mass
B. by atomic number
C. by number of neutrons
D. by number of electrons
Which of the following do elements of the same group have in common?
A. number of protons
B. number of valence electrons
C. number of neutrons
D. number of protons and neutrons
If an ionic compound formed between an element from the first column of the periodic table and another from the sixth column, you would expect the compound to include
one atom from each of the two different elements
one atom of the element in the first column and two atoms of the element from the sixth column.
two atoms of the element from the first column and one atom of the element from the sixth column.
three atoms of the element from the first column and two atoms of the element from the sixth column.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to bonds?
Ionic bonds and covalent bonds have exactly the same properties.
Ionic bonds require positive and negative charges, while covalent bonds require the sharing of electrons
Ionic bonds require the sharing of electrons, while covalent bonds do not.
Ionic bonds and covalent bonds both require the transfer of protons and occur primarily between nonmetals.
Which type of chemical bond is formed by the electrostatic force between a positive ion and a negative ion?
A. cooperative
B. covalent
C. ionic
D. metallic
The diagram shows a type of bond between electrons. Which best describes the type of bond shown?
It is an ionic bond because electrons are being shared.
It is a covalent bond because electrons are being shared.
It is an ionic bond because electrons are being transferred.
It is a covalent bond because electrons are being transferred.
What is the sum of the charges in a compound?
A. 0
B. + 1
C. − 1
D. + 2
Hydrofluoric acid is an extremely strong acid with a pH of 2.1. What is the chemical formula for the reaction between hydrogen and fluorine to make the hydrofluoric acid?
A. HF
B. H2F
C. HF2
D. H2F3
Which of the following compounds is composed of more than two atoms?
A. calcium oxide
B. sodium chloride
C. potassium chloride
D. magnesium fluoride
What type of reaction is shown in the equation below? 2H2o → 2H2 + O2
A. synthesis
B. decomposition
C. single replacement
D. double replacement
Look at the following chemical equation.
NaBr + Cl2 → 2NaCl + Br2
Is this a balanced chemical equation?
No, because the mass of the reactants is less than the mass of the products
No, because the reactants contain fewer molecules than the products.
Yes, because the reactants contain the same number of chlorine (Cl) atoms as the products
Yes, because the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products
The graphic represents a nuclear reaction. Which best describes this type of reaction?
A. fusion because the reaction formed heavier nuclei
B. fission because the reaction formed heavier nuclei
C. fusion because the reaction formed lighter nuclei
D. fission because the reaction formed lighter nuclei
What generates the energy produced when small, light atoms are combined into heavier ones?
A. fusion reactions
B. chemical reactions
C. fission reactions
D. nuclear chain reactions
A sample of argon-39 had an original mass of 1578 grams. After 538 years, the sample is 394.5 grams. What is the half-life of argon-39?
A. 135 years
B. 180 years
C. 269 years
D. 538 years
The cells most easily damaged by high energy radiation are those that
A. divide quickly.
B. carry oxygen.
C. divide slowly.
D. carry iron.
On March 11, 2011, radioactive isotopes were released into the environment during the nuclear accident at the Fukushima nuclear reactor in Japan. One of the isotopes released was cesium-137. The radioactive decay of cesium-137 is shown in the graph. The graph supports which statement about nuclear power?
. Wastes from all types of energy sources decay like nuclear radiation
Nuclear radiation can be disposed of anywhere because it naturally decays.
It is important for engineers to dispose of nuclear waste quickly so that it can begin to decay
Nuclear radiation can stay in the environment for decades because it can take a long time to decay
What is the biggest disadvantage of using nuclear power to produce electricity?
A. Nuclear fission releases more air pollution than burning coal.
B. Nuclear fission produces less energy than burning coal or oil
C. Nuclear waste must be safely stored for many years
D. Nuclear waste must be incinerated.
