Only with _________________ does the breast completely mature and become fully functional

When considering the breast tissue in response to the production of breast milk, which of the following occur?

The most common benign breast masses are ___________________ . These arise from the terminal duct lobular unit.

A greater percentage of breast cancers are found in which quadrant of the breast?

Which is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer (other than gender)?

The most common site for breast cancer to spread is the -

The proto-oncogene, HER-2/neu gene codes for a transmembrane glycoprotein that:

The most common invasive breast cancer is ___________________ .

A rare form of breast cancer that beings in the milk passages and spreads to the skin of the nipple and areola is ______. It typically presents as persistent dermatitis and ezcematous skin lesions.

Breast devemopment is due to the initial release of _________, which causes fat storage in breast tissue.

Which of the following accurately describes acute mastiitis?

Which of the following is characterized by a painful erythematous mass that mimics a bacterial abscess?

Which of the following is associated with masses that are associated with densely collagenized stroma and must be distinguished from breast cancer?

The most aggrssive forms of breast cancer are linked to what types of cells?

T/F: Lobular carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of cancer in BOTH breasts

HER2/neu would likely benefit from which of the following treatments?

Which of the following cells of the corpus luteum converts androsterone to 17B - Estradiol?

A strong surge of ________ at day 14 of the menstrual cycle, triggers ovulation of an egg from a mature follicle.

Why is fertilization less likely during the luteal phase, 16 - 28 days after ovulation?

Which of the following phases of follicular development occurs most rapidly?

A 28 y/o female presents to your clinic for an annual routine checkup. Her BMI is 42 and she complains of scant uterine bleeding every month with her cycle. What other findings suggest PCOS?

"Basal-like" breast cancers are ER ______ and PR _______, which causes high proliferative rates and poorly differentiated carcinomas.

Which of the following is the most common invasive breast cancer?

Which of the following is characteristic of colostrum?

What hormone inhibits milk production during pregnancy, and drastically decreases with the delivery of the placenta?

Mature milk is produced ______ days after delivery and in response to __________ levels of prolactin, but also requires ___________ production.

which probiotic is found in mother's milk and feeds on oligosacchrides?

Oxytocin is important for the:

Mature milk is sufficient for all vitamins except for -

GP120, found on the surface of the HIV, attaches to the _________ receptor on the surface of T cells and further binds with the use of ______________ receptors to enter the cell.

Human Placental Lactogen, is a major coponent of individuals that develop gestational diabetes. As it promotes the utilization of ______ and increases the availability of maternal ___________ for the infant

After integration into the host genome, the HIV uses what enzyme to create cDNA?

Cryptococcosis occurs in about 10% of AIDS patients. What is the major clinical manisfestation from this infection?

A 54 y/o Female, G4 P4, presents with a palpable periareolar mass, thick white nipple secretions and mild skin retractions. Patient has no pain or erythema. A likely diagnosis is -

HAART Therapy for HIV infections include which of the following?

During the natural progression of the HIV virus, a patient that is asymptomatic and experiencing little to none opportunistic infections is likely in what phase of the disease?

Which of the following drugs is responsible for blocking the reverse transcriptase enzyme in the cytoplasm of the cell by binding to the genetic material?

When considering the anatomy of the eye, what structure contains the ciliary body, which is responsible for creating the vitreous humor?

Exposure to chronic levels of UV light can lead to which of the following disorders?

Which of the following disorders is associated with Down Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, and atopic disorders?

The second leading cause of blindness is:

Select all of the symptoms that are associated with closed angle glaucoma:

Most common worldwide cause of reversible blindness is:

What is the most common risk factor associated with cataracts?

The leading cause of blindness is :

Which of the following is associated with dry age-related macular degeneration?

Neovascularization arising from disc or retinal vessels that may lead to preretinal and vitreous hemorrhage describes:

Which of the following is an emergent condition in patients that have hypertensive retinopathy?

Increased expression of the _____ and ____ genes lead to increased oncogensis in HPV

Which of the following are cofactors in the pathogenesis of HPV and cervical cancer?

True or False: PCOS has androgen and estrogen excess.

What are the most common types of HPV in Cervical Cancer?

1.Which of the following are theories of endometriosis (pick all that apply)

Which of the following is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancers, is aggressive, and often presents as advance disease (Stage III or IV) due to vague symptoms initially (bloating, constipation).

Which of the following often presents with a large ovarian mass, with elevated CEA labs, and has appendectomies often performed with staging to ensure primary tumor site identification?

Which of the following tumors is most likely to produce steroid hormones? Labs (AFP, LDH, Inhibin, and Hcg should be checked)

What is the most common gynecologic malignancy?

Which of the following is a benign ovarian neoplasm?

The most common renal cell carcinoma is-

Von Hippel Lindau mutations are associated with which of the following carcinomas?

Transition cell carcinoma is associated with mutations in:

An established link between the _________ gene and prostate cancer has been established.

The most common germ cell neoplasm and the least malignant is-