The seller makes the goods available at his premises. The buyer is responsible for all charges. This trade term places the greatest responsibility on the buyer and minimum obligations on the seller. The Ex Works term is often used when making an initial quotation for the sale of goods without any costs included.

When the goods are transported by rail and road. The seller pays for transportation to the named place of delivery at the frontier. The buyer arranges for customs clearance and pays for transportation from the frontier to his factory. The passing of risk occurs at the frontier.

The seller pays for all transportation costs and bears all risk until the goods have been delivered and pays the duty.

The seller delivers the goods to the buyer to the named place of destination in the contract of sale. The goods are not cleared for import or unloaded from any form of transport at the place of destination. The buyer is responsible for the costs and risks for the unloading, duty and any subsequent delivery beyond the place of destination.

The passing of risk does not occur until the goods have been unloaded at the port of destination. Similar to DES

The seller pays for carriage to the named point of destination, but risk passes when the goods are handed over to the first carrier.

The passing of risk does not occur until the ship has arrived at the named port of destination and the goods made available for unloading to the buyer. The seller pays the same freight and insurance costs as he would under a CIF arrangement.

The seller must place the goods alongside the ship at the named port. The seller must clear the goods for export. Suitable only for maritime transport only, but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers.

The seller hands over the goods, cleared for export, into the custody of the first carrier (named by the buyer) at the named place. This term is suitable for all modes of transport, including carriage by air, rail, road, and containerized / multi-modal sea transport.

It's a document that works as a bill of lading but applies only to airfreight. List of goods and shipping instructions.

The sellers must themselves load the goods on board the ship nominated by the buyer, cost and risk being divided at ship's rail. The seller must clear the goods for export. Maritime transport only but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers.

Seller must pay the costs and freight to bring the goods to the port of destination.

Required in some countries, it describes the shipment of goods and shows information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment.

The most common of all export documents. Required for shipments above $2,500* and for shipments of any value requiring an export license.

It's a bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer. Often used by governments to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties.

Lists seller, buyer, shipper, invoice number, date of shipment, mode of transport, carrier, quantity, description, the type of package (such as a box or carton) the quantity of packages, total net and gross weight (in kilograms), package marks, and dimensions.

Is required by some countries for all or only certain products. The exporter should verify whether a CO is required with the buyer and/or an experienced shipper/freight forwarder or the Trade Information center. A document that shows where goods come from

The seller must procure and pay for insurance for the buyer. Maritime transport only.

Used to assure the consignee that insurance will cover the loss of or damage to the cargo during transit.