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WorksheetsAP PSYCH REVIEW for Exam
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins
People who habitually wash their hands numerous times before going to bed most likely have
a compulsion
a phobia
an affective disorder
a conversion disorder
a panic disorder
People who have difficulty remembering recently learned materials because of similar information learned earlier in life are demonstrating the phenomenon of
cue-dependent forgetting
repression
reconstruction
retroactive interference
proactive interference
Of the following, a behavioral psychologist is most likely to study the
perceived locus of control of adults who experience panic attacks
formation of emotional attachments to significant others
defense mechanisms used by depressed adults and children in stressful situations
genetic basis for schizophrenic disorders
effects of token economies on establishing social skills among children with emotional disturbances
Receptors for olfaction are located
on the basilar membrane of the cochlea
in taste buds on the tongue
in the nasal cavity
in the esophagus
in the dermis
A standardized test must have all of the following EXCEPT
criteria for scoring
uniform instructions
reliability
multiple-choice questions
Norms
In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain?
Speech
Writing
Spatial reasoning
Reading comprehension
Language comprehension
Which of the following terms is used to describe the process by which important group decisions may be distorted because different viewpoints are not encouraged?
Intellectualizing
Just-world hypothesis
Groupthink
Pluralistic ignorance
Social loafing
In Elizabeth Loftus’ study of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was the
number of pictures the students were shown of the accident
length of time the students viewed pictures of the accident
wording of questions the students were asked about the accident
location of the accident
sex and age of the student
Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?
Describing one’s immediate sensations while looking at a rose
Determining the best way for children to learn in school
Conditioning an infant to fear rabbits
Recalling one’s unconscious desires
Creating intelligence tests for use in the military
Following the failure of his business, Mr. Jones disappeared and was discovered two years later in another state practicing law without a license. When questioned, he responded that he had found himself in a strange city and could not remember any personal information. Mr. Jones most likely would be diagnosed with
amnesia
dissociative identity disorder
dissociative fugue
dementia
bipolar disorder
According to Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer’s theory of emotion, which of the following is true?
The same physiological response can produce different emotions, depending on the context within which the response occurs and a person’s interpretation of that context.
Environmental events trigger physiological responses from the muscles, which in turn activate specific emotional states.
Emotional experiences and physiological responses are initiated at the same time.
Specific hormonal release patterns determine particular emotions.
Feedback from our facial expressions deter- mines our emotions.
Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye?
It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
It is caused by an excess of bipolar cells in the retina.
It is most apparent in low levels of illumina- tion.
It is stimulated only by high levels of illumi- nation.
It is caused by a bleaching of rhodopsin in the rods
Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?
Mood
Anxiety
Dissociative
Somatoform
Personality
In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?
It is correlated with dreaming.
It leads to a marked increase in muscle tone.
It alternates with NREM sleep in 30-minute cycles.
It occurs during the first half of an individual’s sleep cycle.
It involves decreased blood pressure and heart rate.
In a set of studies, Ivan Pavlov first touched a dog lightly on the side of its body and a few seconds later placed vinegar on the dog’s tongue. The vinegar made the dog salivate. After several pairings of touch and vinegar, the dog began to salivate as soon as it was touched and before it was given the vinegar. In these studies which of the following was the conditioned stimulus?
Touch to the body
Vinegar on the tongue
Salivation to the vinegar
Salivation to the touch
Time interval between the touch and the vinegar
In response to a set of ambiguous pictures,Rita writes several stories in which the main characters desire to compete with some standard of excellence and surpass their own previous performances. Psychologists in the tradition of Henry Murray, David McClelland, and Christiana Morgan would be likely to characterize Rita as rating high in
the need for affiliation
the need for achievement
the need for power
self-monitoring skills
ego strength
The feeling that you know someone’s name, but cannot quite recall it, is an example of
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
the serial position effect
state-dependent memory
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called
electroencephalography (EEG)
computed tomography (CT)
positron-emission tomography (PET)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
The diagram above depicts the human body’s endocrine system
immune system
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input
Improved memory function
Decreased pain sensation and decreased anxiety
Slower bodily functions
The experience of brief euphoria followed by a depressive state
According to rational-emotive behavior therapists, the source of much unhappiness is the individual’s
fixation at one of the early childhood stages
subconscious fear of achieving happiness
denial of the emotional consequences of an event
attempts to create self-actualizing events
system of inappropriate beliefs
Ernst Weber’s and Gustav Fechner’s psychophysical laws concern the relation between which of the following?
The perceived uniformity and size of a stimulus
The darkness of a room and the time needed for the rods to adjust
The quality of a stimulus and the likelihood that it is perceived as pleasurable
The perceived sizes of afterimages projected across different distances
The intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation
A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells
efferent neurons
afferent neurons
mirror neurons
motor neurons
Schwann cells
According to psychoanalytic theory, Tom’s constant shoplifting suggests that he has an underdeveloped
id
superego
defense mechanism
pleasure principle
libido
According to Noam Chomsky, understanding a sentence involves which of the following trans- formations between structures?
Perceptual to functional
Symbolic to analytic
Simple to complex
Surface to deep
Pragmatic to syntacti
Joan displays anxiety, irritability, inability to concentrate, and apathy. She also reexperiences a disastrous event through nightmares and vivid memories. Joan is experiencing
posttraumatic stress disorder
hypochondriasis
exhaustion
generalized anxiety disorder
Hypothetical and deductive thinking are char- acteristic of which of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
Preoperational
Operational
Concrete operations
Formal operations
Which of the following increases the chance that an individual will remember a telephone number that has been called several times within a short period?
Spacing
Retrieval
Rehearsal
Spontaneous recovery
Sandy’s father’s behavior gives her the impression that he will love her only if she gets very good grades. Carl Rogers would probably say that Sandy
is getting unconditional positive regard
is getting conditional positive regard
has high self-efficacy
has low self-efficacy
In certain situations, the larger the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that one of
them will help someone in trouble. This result is explained by
altruism
diffusion of responsibility
antisocial behavior
group polarization
What type of graph would a researcher use to represent these data?
A frequency distribution
A histogram
A scatterplot
A normal curve
Which of the following statistics best approximates the relation between the variables?
50%
N = 10
r = -,90
r = ,50
A parent who keeps a son’s room intact even though he’s been happily married and in his own home for five years is exhibiting which of the following defense mechanisms?
Denial
Projection
Reaction formation
Regression
The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?
Is language acquisition fairly complete by the early school years, or are most linguistic forms mastered only in adolescence?
Is gender identity most influenced by parental upbringing or by interaction with same-sex peers?
Does development proceed through a series of stages, or is it continuous?
Is level of intelligence the result of one’s environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?
Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?
Visual problems that make spatial judgments difficult
Receptive aphasia that makes it difficult
to understand what other people are saying
A problem regulating hunger
A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing
1,1,2,2,3,5,5,7,7,
The numbers above represent the quiz results for a psychology class. What is the median score for the class?
2
3
5
7
Individuals are most likely to obey when demands are made by a
close friend
physically attractive individual
legitimate authority
colleague of similar rank
Barbara is a talented architect. On which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design?
Linguistic
Musical
Spatial
Naturalist
Seven-year-old Maria helps her mother wash the dishes, while her nine-year-old-brother helps their father with the yard work. This involvement of the children in helping activities directly illustrates the process of
identity diffusion
gender-role development
preconventional morality development
evolutionary determinism
Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
the action potential
the threshold difference
depolarization
the absolute refractory phase
A person who experiences prolonged episodes of severe unhappiness and loss of interest in life would most
likely be diagnosed with
agoraphobia
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
hypochondriasis
Negative afterimages are explained by
the trichromatic theory
color detection by rods
the opponent-process theory
a lack of adaptation
One way to reduce intergroup conflict is to establish
superordinate goals
bystander apathy
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the
following theoretical perspectives?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
This graph The Yerkes Dodson Law realtes to:
relationship between arousal and performance
idea that highest arousal = optimal performance
idea that minimal arousal = optimal performance
law of Effect and arousal
Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?
It primarily responds to such environmental cues as the sight and smell of food.
It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.
It is effective in triggering, but not in depressing, the sensation of hunger.
It produces a sense of satiety to counter hunger feelings that arise from stomach contractions.
Of the following, which is essential for operant conditioning to occur?
Partial reinforcement
A behavioral consequence
Spontaneous recovery
Delayed conditioning
Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association help ensure that human participants in psychological research
have not participated in similar research in the past
are protected from physical and psychological harm
understand the hypotheses of the researcher before they take part
keep the purposes of the research project confidential
The results of Harry Harlow’s experiments with infant monkeys and surrogate mothers show that
contact comfort was the primary basis of attachment for infant monkeys
female infant monkeys are more independent than male infant monkeys
female infant monkeys are more obedient than male infant monkeys
food outranked all other factors in the development of the infant monkeys’ attachment to the mother
Which of the following kinds of learning is indicated by the ability to recall a memorized list of unrelated words in reverse order?
State-dependent
Serial
Procedural
aired-associate
When the stimuli in a task occur in highly predictable ways, an individual is often able to attend to both that task and another one at the same time. When this occurs, the processing of the first task is
automatic
top-down
bottom-up
sequential
Money most often modifies people’s behavior because it is a powerful
negative reinforcer
secondary reinforcer
conditioned stimulus
high-order stimulus
In memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to the
enhanced recall of items at the beginning of a list of words
enhanced recall of items at the end of a list of words
diminished recall of items at the end of a list of words
diminished recall of items at the beginning of a list of words
Which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?
It can be brought about by the individual’s expectations
It is found only among individuals in psycho- analysis
It is considered an invalid concept in research on client-centered therapy
It is typically experienced by individuals in long-term therapy
The synapse or synaptic cleft is the
Dendrite
Neuron
action potential
space between neurons
The Retina contains color sensative ____ and light sensative _____.
Rods ; Cones
Cones ; Rods
Olfactory bulbs ; olfactory shelves
Bulbs ; Anvils
In developmental psychology, one advantage of cross-sectional over longitudinal studies is that cross-sectional research
controls for gender
controls for cultural influences
involves subjects of the same age
requires comparatively little time
hich of the following is an example of social facilitation?
A student scores higher on tests taken with classmates than with strangers.
A child smiles more often in the presence of family members than in the presence of strangers.
An athlete performs better in games before a large crowd than she does in practice.
An editor’s productivity increases when she is given a private office.
The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?
Brightness
Saturation
Hue
Intensity
Which parenting style is characterized by high demands for obedience and low warmth?
Permissive
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Neglectful
Lithium carbonate is used to treat
agoraphobia
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative fugue
If students get approximately the same score on the second administration of a test as they did on the first, then the test is
valid
normed
reliable
standardized
Although people can acquire phobias to almost any object or situation, certain phobias (e.g., those to snakes, spiders, heights) are much more common than others. This finding can best be explained by which of the following concepts?
Biological preparedness
Stimulus discrimination
Stimulus generalization
Observational learning
In psychoanalysis, transference refers to the
inability of the patient to form an emotional attachment to the therapist
reluctance of the patient to bring to awareness unconscious information that has been repressed
patient’s projection onto the therapist of feelings associated with significant figures in the patient’s past
conscious process used by the patient to defend against unacceptable impulses toward the therapist
NEO-Freudian theories of psychoanalysis such as those of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson differ from Freud’s conceptualization in that they are less likely to
emphasize the libido
emphasize the ego
account for cognitive development
be based on empirical findings
