WorksheetsSocial Psych Exam 3 Review
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 28mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Hostile aggression differs from instrumental aggression in that instrumental aggression __________.
a)
often follows from anger or frustration
b)
is more destructive than hostile aggression
c)
is more likely to result in retaliation
d)
is done as a means to an end other than causing pain
2.
Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression?
a)
Scott has a quick temper and gets into fights at parties
b)
An assassin kills a leader to ensure the success of a coup.
c)
Angry at her boyfriend, Liz destroys his stereo.
d)
Karin runs over her neighbor’s cat.
3.
Mr. Jenkins was backing out of his driveway and accidentally hit his neighbor (whom he dislikes) as he was biking by. Why isn’t this act aggressive?
a)
Because no psychological harm was done.
b)
Because Mr. Jenkins wasn’t angry at the time.
c)
The neighbor was defenseless.
d)
It was unintentional.
4.
According to evolutionary theory, some psychologists argue that men are programmed to be aggressive. What is their explanation for this claim?
a)
Men are stronger than women, thus more aggressive.
b)
Men are socialized to be more aggressive.
c)
Aggression may help men perpetuate their genes
d)
Acts of aggression and violence are attractive to many women
5.
Survey research by Nisbett (1993) has revealed that although southerners are no more likely than northerners to endorse aggression in general, __________
a)
southerners are more prone to aggress in response to insults
b)
the availability of handguns in the South produces more homicides there
c)
the “culture of honor” in the North encourages alternatives to aggression
d)
southerners are less likely to endorse aggression at the service of self-protection
6.
According to Nisbett (1993), a(n) __________ is characteristic of regions where inhabitants evolved from herding societies, and thus __________.
a)
culture of honor; aggression is relatively rare
b)
culture of honor; some forms of aggression are more common
c)
norm of “machismo”; aggression is more common and more lethal
d)
ethos of cooperation; aggression has become evolutionarily maladaptive
7.
In Bandura’s famous “Bobo” doll study, he had some children watch a woman aggress against an inflated doll, while other children did not watch an aggressive act. Bandura found that the children who watched someone beat up the doll were later __________.
a)
just as likely as the control-group children to aggress against a similar doll
b)
less likely than control-group children to behave aggressively against a similar doll
c)
more likely than control-group children to behave aggressively against a similar doll
d)
likely to behave more aggressively in general
8.
Two children, Jane and Joan, have been eyeing a new water pistol in the local toy store for months. Each is convinced that her parents will buy her the water pistol as soon as summer comes. Yesterday, Jane’s parents bought her the water pistol, which turned out to be the last one in the store. As soon as Joan found out, she had a temper tantrum and hit Jane in the stomach. __________ best explains Joan’s behavior.
a)
Social exchange theory
b)
Frustration-aggression theory
c)
Social learning theory
d)
The emotional consistency effect
9.
Kevin is told that if he works for five days at a telemarketing job, he can expect to earn $100 a day on commission alone. When he gets his paycheck at the end of the week, it comes to only about $80 per day. He’s very upset even when he finds out that his coworkers all made only about $60 each per day. This is an example of __________.
a)
catharsis
b)
instrumental aggression
c)
relative deprivation
d)
dispositional frustration
10.
The weapons effect is __________.
a)
the finding that the presence of weapons in a situation keep it from escalating for fear the weapons will be used
b)
the finding that the absence of weapons in a situation make it escalate into a fistfight
c)
an increase in aggression that can occur because of the mere presence of a gun or other weapon
d)
a decrease in aggression shown by people who have a previous weapons history
11.
Based on research on the idea of catharsis, what is the bottom line—does catharsis work to reduce aggression?
a)
No, it actually makes people more aggressive
b)
No, it does not reduce aggression in children, only adults.
c)
Yes, it can reduce aggression
d)
Yes, it is the most effective means of reducing aggression
12.
Moreland and Beach (1992) had a confederate attend large university classes for a systematically varied number of class sessions. She attended some classes a few times and other classes many more times. In keeping with the research on the mere exposure effect presented in the text, when unsuspecting students in those classes were later shown photos of the confederate, when would they have liked her best? When she had __________.
a)
worn their school colors to all the classes
b)
challenged the professor
c)
attended more classes
d)
attended class only a few times
13.
Based on what the authors of your text present about similarity and liking, who would Russ (a liberal philosophy major) be most likely to become friends with?
a)
George, a conservative accounting major
b)
Emily, a college Democrat and philosophy major
c)
Armand, a registered Independent and biology major
d)
Wilamena, a conservative religion major
14.
In studies on what people find attractive, the __________ of the face seems to be very important
a)
size
b)
shape
c)
symmetry
d)
distinctiveness of features
15.
In all likelihood, there is a kernel of truth to the “what is beautiful is good” stereotype; that is, attractive people are often more warm and socially skilled than less attractive people. According to the authors, this is probably because attractive people __________.
a)
are treated differently than unattractive people
b)
have higher self-esteem than unattractive people
c)
are more introverted than attractive people
d)
compensate by emphasizing their intelligence
16.
Researchers provided men with photographs of either attractive women or unattractive women and told the men that their conversation partner was the woman in the photograph. They found that men who believed they were talking with an attractive woman __________ than did men who thought they were talking with an unattractive woman.
a)
talked less
b)
were more nervous
c)
were more confident
d)
behaved in a warmer way
17.
According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, intimacy plus passion is what kind of love?
a)
Companionate
b)
Romantic
c)
Liking
d)
Fatuous
18.
According to Rusbult’s investment model of relationships, __________.
a)
some relationships are communal, in the sense that people are not concerned about the rewards they are getting from their partners
b)
the main predictor of whether people will stay in a relationship is how satisfied they are with that relationship
c)
some women stay in abusive relationships because they have a high investment in the relationship and they have poor alternatives
d)
when deciding whether to stay in a relationship, people rarely consider their “comparison level”
19.
In their relationship, Mark is concerned with maintaining an equal ratio of rewards and costs, whereas Jenn is concerned with being responsive to Mark’s needs. Mark views the relationship as a(n) __________ relationship and Jenn views it as a(n) __________ relationship
a)
exchange; communal
b)
interlocked; loose
c)
communal; interdependent
d)
dependent; interdependent
20.
The best predictor of a relationship that is ending is the couple __________.
a)
never fights
b)
calms down before discussing the disagreement
c)
exhibits an ability to listen without getting defensive
d)
responds to conflict with sarcasm, contempt and criticism
21.
“Giving someone the chase,” or not letting them know whether or not you like them, increases attraction because…
a)
of the reciprocity principle – we like those who like us.
b)
we start to idealize them as partners, because we don’t yet know any of their flaws.
c)
it increases the amount that we think about the other person, which results in more mental exposure to the person.
d)
they then view us as the reward at the end of that chase.
22.
Ramona cares deeply about Raül, but does not feel any passion for him. Raül, on the other hand, has feelings of great longing accompanied by physical arousal whenever she’s near. In this situation, Ramona is feeling __________ love for Raül, whereas Raül, is feeling __________ love
a)
consummate; companionate
b)
companionate; passionate
c)
fatuous; consummate
d)
passionate; fatuous
23.
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, being aroused by ________ should intensify passionate feelings.
a)
pornography on video or in magazines
b)
sight and smell
c)
any source
d)
exercise
24.
People high in social dominance orientation are most likely to:
a)
support social work.
b)
avoid expressing negative attitudes toward minority groups.
c)
prefer professions such as politics and business.
d)
indulge less in prejudiced behavior
25.
Which of the following is not one of the ways to overcome stereotype threat?
a)
Connect minority students with role models who share the same identity as them
b)
Invite minority students to participate in weekly review sessions where they can receive extra help on their homework
c)
Teach minority students about stereotype threat
d)
Place minority students in advanced classes, where they are given challenging assignments
26.
Women exposed to ________ sexism performed worse on a job selection test than women exposed to ___________ sexism.
a)
hostile; benevolent
b)
benevolent; hostile
c)
modern; benevolent
d)
old-fashioned; modern
27.
Researchers had participants look at photos of White men and men wearing a turban holding various objects in their hands. The participants’ job was to determine if the object in the hand was a gun or not, and to press a button labeled “shoot” if the object was a gun. This research demonstrated a greater likelihood to __________.
a)
press the button and “shoot” the man wearing the turban, regardless of what they were holding
b)
press the button and “shoot” the White young men, regardless of what they were holding
c)
not press the button at all and thereby be shot themselves
d)
press the button for every young man they saw
28.
Researchers (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) tested the self-fulfilling prophecy as it relates to prejudice. They observed the differential behaviors of White interviewers who interviewed either African-American or White job candidates. They then trained other interviewers to manifest these two different interview styles. When the new interviewers later interviewed White job applicants, the applicants who were treated as African Americans in the first study __________.
a)
confronted the interviewers and terminated the conversation
b)
actually behaved in less effective and comfortable ways
c)
experienced a loss of self-esteem
d)
became more convinced that their initial negative expectations were confirmed
29.
In which of the following cases would stereotype threat NOT be likely to occur?
a)
an African-American male taking a difficult and presumably diagnostic test of intellectual ability
b)
a white female taking a difficult and presumably diagnostic test of mathematical ability
c)
a white male taking a difficult and presumably diagnostic test of mathematical ability in competition with a group of Asians
d)
a white male taking a difficult and presumably diagnostic test of mathematical ability
30.
Under which of the following conditions have White males shown signs of stereotype threat?
a)
when taking a math test in a room with women
b)
when taking a math test in a room with Asian Americans
c)
when taking a standardized test in a room with women and ethnic minorities
d)
when taking a physics exam in a room with Germans
31.
Some psychological scientists question the interpretations of the Implicit Association Test. Rather than revealing implicit bias, what else might the test be revealing?
a)
explicit bias
b)
overt behavior
c)
discrimination
d)
cultural stereotypes or associations
32.
From a social psychologist’s perspective, the first step toward prejudice is __________.
a)
the categorization of people into groups
b)
the preference we give to in-groups
c)
our tendency to disparage out-groups
d)
identification with similar others
33.
__________ may be an even more powerful reason for discrimination than outright prejudice and hostility, according to Greenwald and Pettigrew (2014).
a)
Ethnocentrism
b)
social identity
c)
out-group bias
d)
in-group bias
34.
Recall that British social psychologist Henri Tajfel (1982) divided strangers into groups based on such criteria as whether they over- or underestimated the number of dots on a slide. Tajfel designed such experiments to determine __________.
a)
the minimal conditions for establishing in-group bias
b)
when existing stereotypes will overshadow the effects of minimal categorization
c)
how to minimize competition between in-groups and out-groups
d)
the effects of minimal categorization on people’s implicit personality theories
35.
When prejudiced people say, “They all look alike to me,” they are illustrating the __________.
a)
in-group bias
b)
illustory correlation
c)
out-grou phomogeneity bias
d)
fundamental attribution error
36.
In the U.S., when times are hard economically and jobs are scarce, realistic conflict theory would predict that __________.
a)
there will be less prejudice against minorities
b)
there will be more cooperation among minorities and the majority group
c)
minorities will benefit more from affirmative action than is really fair
d)
there will be more prejudice against minorities
37.
__________ posits that increased prejudice and discrimination result from limited resources and consequent intergroup conflict.
a)
The self-fulfilling prophecy
b)
Relative deprivation theory
c)
Attribution theory
d)
Realistic conflict theory
38.
Recall that Sherif and his colleagues (1951) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Once in-group cohesiveness was established, they set up a series of competitive situations such as tug-of-war and other competitive games. Conflict between the two groups escalated. Sherif and his colleagues were only successful in reducing conflict and hostility when __________.
a)
they brought the groups together in neutral situations
b)
leaders endorsed a truce between the two rival groups
c)
they constructed situations that fostered mutual interdependence
d)
groups were punished for behaving with hostility
39.
In the jigsaw classroom technique, __________.
a)
children work on jigsaw puzzles to foster cooperative interdependence
b)
lessons are structured so students’ only access to most of the information they will be tested on is from other students
c)
lessons are structured so each student works at his or her own pace and can feel a sense of mastery
d)
lessons are structured so that groups compete for small prizes to create incentives for learning
40.
Jason assumes that women are good cooks. However, his friend is a successful entrepreneur and hardly knows cooking. Jason reasons that his friend is an exception to the rule and her hectic schedule does not permit her to learn cooking. In the context of prejudice, this scenario exemplifies ________.
a)
rosy retrospection
b)
subtyping
c)
scapegoating
d)
hostile sexism
41.
Leah and Kaitlyn, two college students, are roommates and stay in an apartment. They buy an expensive hair cream and split its cost. Although they say they should save it for special occasions, they each want to make sure they get their fair share of the hair cream before it’s gone. Soon, they find that the jar of cream is empty. In the context of social dilemmas, which of the following is most likely experienced by Leah and Kaitlyn in this scenario?
a)
the Prisoner's Dilemma
b)
pluralistic ignorance
c)
the Tragedy of the Commons
d)
an illusion of transparency
42.
In the commons dilemma, people often consume more than they realize when:
a)
others take on a cooperative strategy
b)
resources are not partitioned
c)
the "commons" are divided into equal parts.
d)
they belong to a small group
43.
For contact between opposing racial groups to reduce conflict, the interracial contact must
a)
occur in a zero-sum context
b)
ideally be between persons equal in status
c)
temporarily award superior status to the minority group
d)
be competitive and unsupported by authorities
44.
In playing the laboratory version of the Prisoner's Dilemma, you would personally obtain the best payoff on any given trial if ____
a)
you confess and the other person does not confess
b)
both you and the other person confess
c)
you do not confess but the other person confesses
d)
both you and the other person do not confress
45.
One potential way to resolve social dilemmas is to:
a)
avoid making regulations
b)
avoid two-way communication
c)
reduce excess resources
d)
keep groups small.
46.
Mr. Lemming's neighbors mowed his lawn, but he was too sick and weak to reciprocate. We can predict that Mr. Lemming is likely to feel:
a)
demeaned because he cannot return the help.
b)
angry at his neighbors.
c)
grateful and happy.
d)
proud and unthreatened.
47.
Joshua, a student at a medical school, gets help from his roommate to fix a chair, and Joshua helps his roommate with the laundry. According to the social-exchange theory, Joshua and his roommate exhibit ________ in this scenario.
a)
an illusion of transparency
b)
a pluralistic ignorance
c)
the reciprocity norm
d)
the social-responsibility norm
48.
According to the evolutionary psychology notion of kin selection, Bob is most likely to help his __________.
a)
cousin Herbert
b)
step-sister Sally
c)
brother Ralph
d)
best friend Randall
49.
According to evolutionary psychologists, why would Doris be more likely to save her children than her parents in a life-threatening emergency? Doris’s children __________.
a)
are more likely to pass on her genes
b)
are less likely to be able to save themselves
c)
are more likely to seek Doris out than are her parents
d)
share more genes in common with Doris than do her parents
50.
“Put yourself in my position,” Janice whines. “Can’t you spare an hour to help me out?” Janice is attempting to evoke __________ when trying to persuade you to help her.
a)
empathy
b)
the reciprocity norm
c)
kin selection
d)
social exchange pressures
51.
The “feel good, do good” effect in studies of prosocial behavior refers to the idea that __________.
a)
helping puts people in a good mood
b)
people in a good mood are more likely to help
c)
in adults, helping is self-reinforcing
d)
helping in emergencies relieves distress
52.
According to the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), if you just witnessed a mugging, you will be most likely to call for help if you __________.
a)
are the sole witness
b)
are one of seven witnesses
c)
are in a good moo dprior to the mugging
d)
perceive yourself as similar to the victim
53.
When Darley and Latané exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that __________.
a)
although participants who believed they were lone witnesses took longer to help, more of them did eventually help than in the other conditions
b)
when lone participants thought the experimenter also overheard the seizure, they took longer to hel
c)
participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster
d)
helping is not substantially reduced when the number of witnesses increases from two to five
54.
Joseph was on the subway when he noticed a man lying slumped over on the seat. Joseph looked around at the other passengers, who seemed calm and unconcerned. Joseph concluded that the man was probably okay. However, the other passengers may have been looking around at Joseph, to see how he reacted. This would be an example of __________.
a)
social reciprocity
b)
pluralistic ignorance
c)
false uniqueness
d)
conformity
55.
Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground. She thinks about whether to call an ambulance, but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so. This is an example
a)
diffusion of responsibility
b)
the urban overload hypothesis
c)
the empathy-altruism hypothesis
d)
social exchange theory
56.
If you are in an emergency situation and need help, which of the following statements to a bystander is most likely to get you the help you need?
a)
“Will someone please help me?”
b)
“Help!!! This is an emergency!!”
c)
"Hey! I’m in trouble here!”
d)
“You in the red sweater—call 911!”
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