Important in determining which blood product can be safely used for blood transfusion.

These are all blood bank identification system, EXCEPT:

Tube color/additive for used for the collection of blood bank specimen.

Blood Donors should not be/have:

A test that checks the blood for pathogens for patients who have a fever of unknown origin (FUO). The test determines the presence of bacteria in the blood that causes bacteremia or presence of microorganism and toxins in the blood that causes septicemia.

How many blood culture sets should we collect?

Crucial in the blood collection procedure because it prevents the contamination by microbial flora in the skin which can be introduced in blood culture bottles and affect the results.

Also called Normal Flora, are the microorganisms that live on other living organisms or inanimate objects without causing disease.

Antiseptics used in blood culture: choose two (2)

How many seconds should you perform friction rub at a puncture site?

True or False: In blood culture testing, to mix the blood with the medium, shake the bottle a couple of times.

3 ways to inoculate the medium, EXCEPT:

A butterfly and a specially designed holder are used. The holder is connected to the Luer connector of the butterfly collection set.

Blood is transferred to the culture bottles after completing the draw using a safety transfer device, which is activated as soon as the needle is removed from the site.

Performed in the laboratory rather than the patient’s bedside. Nonetheless, this is not recommended because the sodium polyanethole sulfonate (SPS) in collection tubes increases its concentration when added to the blood culture bottles.

A physician requests this to assess the blood clotting functions especially if the patient has unexplained bleeding.

All are coagulation tests, EXCEPT:

A complex process in which multiple components of the blood clotting system are activated in response to vessel injury to control bleeding.

Vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation. The key component of primary hemostasis is the platelet. Primary Hemostasis is triggered by injury to the vessel wall, exposing subendothelial collagen.

Activation of coagulation factors and the generation of thrombin.

Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomers which polymerize to form a soluble clot. Thrombin will activate factor XIII which cross-links to fibrin monomers and will stabilize the clot.

Inhibition of thrombin generation and fibrin clot breakdown (fibrinolysis). Once the vessel is repaired the clot must be dissolved to restore the blood flow.

Factors III, VII

Factors X, V, II, Fibrinogen

Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII

Used to assess deficiencies or inhibitors of the Extrinsic pathway factors (factor III, VII) and Common pathway factors (X, V, II, fibrinogen). Measures how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample.

Used to assess deficiencies or inhibitors of the Intrinsic pathway factors (XII, XI, IX, VIII) and Common pathway factors (X, V, II, fibrinogen). Measuring a person’s ability to form blood clots.

Used to assess deficiencies or dysfunction of fibrinogen or the presence of an inhibitor of thrombin (factor IIa)

The process in which fibrin is dissolved. Produce plasmin, and that plasmin will cleave the fibrin and dissolves the clot.

Measures prothrombin time. A type of calculation based on prothrombin time test results.

It is a protein made by the liver, it is a clotting factor.

A blood-thinning medicine that is used to prevent dangerous clots. It is an anticoagulant therapy.

Tube color/additive for coagulation specimens

Blood to coagulant ratio:

This blood test is done to check if the patient is suffering from diabetes and other metabolic problems. It is also used to monitor insulin therapy.

Also called “Oral Glucose Tolerance Test”; This is to evaluate the ability of the body to metabolize glucose by measuring the tolerance level to high glucose level.

Glucose Tolerance Test Procedure, EXCEPT:

It is any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.

Measures the ability of the body to process lactose and determines if the patient lacks mucosal lactase which is an enzyme that converts lactose into glucose or galactose.

Performed to exclude the possibility of paternity of a particular child. Before the advent of DNA parenting testing, testing for parentage involves ABO and Rh typing and basic red cell antigen testing.

Measures drug levels at designated intervals so that the appropriate dosage can be established and maintained for the patient, thus avoiding toxicity.

Performed by drawing a large volume of blood about 500 mL from the patient as part of the treatment procedure for polycythemia and hemochromatosis.

Tube color/additive used for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

The overproduction of red blood cells which is harmful to the patient.

Aminoglycoside Drugs EXCEPT:

Involves the collection of blood, hair, urine, and other substances from the body for the purpose of determining the presence of toxins which could be in very small amounts.

The most common specimens are breath and blood for alcohol. Others request urine for drug screening, blood specimen for drugs, and DNA analysis.

Usually ordered for purposes related to treatment, but could also be for industrial or job-related purposes such as insurance claims or programs and employee drug screening. The law enforcement department orders Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) for individuals involved in traffic-related accidents.

Tube color/additive used for Blood Alcohol (ETOH) Specimens

The specimen used is urine instead of blood. The chain of custody protocol is strictly implemented since legal implications are involved.

Checks for the presence of aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, iron, and zinc. They are collected in small amounts and must use special element-free tubes colored royal blue, since traces of these elements in the glass, plastic or stopper could trickle into the specimen will affect the accuracy of the result.