WorksheetsSignal transduction
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 19mins
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein could be:
an amino acid
a second messenger
a steroid hormone
a receptor protein
Which of these is a property of an enzymatic cascade?
It leads to regulation
It amplifies the response of a single binding molecule
It decreases the response of a single binding molecule
Because it is unregulated, it provides a variety of responses
What type of receptor is being shown?
a transmembrane receptor
an intracellular receptor
What do second messengers do?
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
relay message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm
dampen the message
G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside a cell into the inside of the cell.
Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?
Production of the ligand molecule.
Reception of the signal.
Transduction of the signal.
Production of response to signal.
Type of cell signaling where the ligand is released and will affect cells in its "neighborhood"
autocrine signaling
juxtracrine signaling
paracrine signaling
endocrine signaling
Type of cell signaling where the ligand is produced at a location distant from its target cell(s)
autocrine signaling
juxtracrine signaling
paracrine signaling
endocrine signaling
What is being depicted in the image?
Amplification of the signal molecule
Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway
binding of signal molecule to intracellular receptor
Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule
Testosterone does not affect all cells of the body because __________.
testosterone cannot cross the plasma membrane
not all cells have cytoplasmic receptors for testosterone
not all cells in the body have membrane receptors for testosterone
it is a local regulator
it affects only cells that have ion-channel receptors
What could be the cause for a cell to undergo apoptosis?
DNA damage
Radiation
Nutrient deficiency
All of the above
Apoptosis can't kill which of the following?
Cell infected with viruses
Cell with DNA damage
Cancer cells
Immune cells
Which of the following cell organelle actively participates in animal apoptosis?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
When epinephrine binds to cardiac muscle cells, it speeds their contraction. When it binds to muscle cells of the small intestine, it inhibits their contraction. Which of the following best accounts for the fact that the same hormone can have different effects on muscle cells.
Cardiac cells have more receptors for epinephrine than do intestinal cells.
Epinephrine circulates to the heart first and thus is in higher concentration around cardiac cells.
The two types of muscle cells have different pathways for epinephrine and thus have different cellular responses.
Cardiac muscle is stronger than intestinal muscle and thus has a stronger response to epinephrine.
This is an example of
paracrine signalling
endocrine signalling
autocrine signalling
juxtacrine signalling
Give the correct sequence of apoptosis:
1. Nucleus begins to break
2. Nucleus condensation and formation of bleb
3. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies
1,2,3
2,3,1
3,2,1
2,1,3
Which of the following is not a reason that signal transduction is important?
The cells need to survive in the fast changing environment..
The cells need to know when to grow and hibernate.
The cells need to know when to destroy itself.
The cells need to know when to differentiate into different tissues.
All these choices are correct.
What if the signal transduction pathway goes wrong?
A cell might develop into cancer cell.
Embryonic stem cell won't develop into right tissue.
Cell is not optimized in the challenging environment
Cell may go forward to necrosis.
All these choices are correct
