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WorksheetsBiology EOC Review
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 56mins
Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
All living things are made of cells.
All cells come from other preexisting cells.
Cells form through spontaneous generation.
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
X-rays
computers
the light microscope
the scanning electron microscope
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
lysosome
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
passive transport by diffusion
active transport using ATP
passive transport by osmosis
phagocytosis
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
bacteria
only animal cells
protists
both plant and animal cells
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
ribosome - protein synthesis
mitochondrion - movement
vacuole - cell division
nucleus - storage of nutrients
Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?
one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands
two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
two molecules, each with two new strands
two molecules, each with two old strands
At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?
before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
before a cell divides, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
during cell division, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
after a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.
There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?
segment 1 only
segment 3 only
segment 2 and 3
segment 2 and 4
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
4
8
12
20
Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?
the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
the release of messenger RNA from DNA
During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.
yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.
yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.
Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.
It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes and event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
two stages of cell division
replication of cellular genetic material
daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?
absence of cyclins in the DNA
multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA
uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle
presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement.
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms.
It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord.
It is the first stage of mitosis.
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
It becomes inactive.
It begins to replicate.
It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.
It's activity increases to digest more proteins.
Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what?
cell membranes
hormones
lipids
fatty acids
RNA and DNA are which type of macromolecules?
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
protein
What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?
The reaction rate will increase
The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained.
The reaction rate will decrease.
The reaction will stop.
The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components?
monosaccharides
nucleic acids
amino acids
phospholipids
Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation.
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Water expands as it freezes.
Water is an excellent solvent.
Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
Water is able to moderate temperature.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
Water is an acid.
Water is a versatile solvent.
Water has a high heat capacity.
Water acts as a buffer.
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
purity
polarity and cohesion
high heat capacity
expansion upon freezing
If the xylem in a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?
performing photosynthesis
transporting sugar to the roots
transporting water to the leaves
absorbing water from the soil
A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which physiological adaptation would be most useful to the plant?
colorful flowers
large leaves
deep roots
thin cuticle
The cambuim is a section of cells in a plant that can become either part of the xylem or phloem, depending on the growth and needs of the plant. If the cambium of a particular plant was damaged, what would be the most likely effect on the plant?
The plant would lose its ability to carry out photosynthesis.
the plant would have uncontrolled growth.
The plant would not experience any change in physiology.
The plant would not be able to transport nutrients and water.
Which structure in the leaf controls the opening and closing of the stoma?
cuticle
epidermis
guard cell
spongy mesophyll
What lobe of the brain is letter B?
temporal
parietal
occipital
frontal
What lobe of the brain is letter A?
temporal
parietal
occipital
frontal
The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow?
A high viscosity of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
A low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and lead to a faster blood flow.
The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to a faster blood flow.
Which of the following factors would most directly affect blood flow through the circulatory system?
blood pressure
blood sugar
respiratory rate
outside temperature
What causes blood pressure?
cholesterol in the blood
stress that exercise puts on heart muscle
contraction of the ventricles in the heart
removal of oxygen from the blood
What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms?
antibodies
lymph nodes
white blood cells
the skin
What is immunity?
The body's ability to produce cells that inactivate foreign cells or substances.
The body's ability to regulate homeostasis through feedback loops.
The body's ability to produce the "fight or flight" response.
The body's ability to use the endocrine system to fight disease.
Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with?
antibodies to a disease bacterium
live, inactive viruses
weakened viruses or antigens from the virus
blood from a person who has had the disease
Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics have been so widely used. Now, bacteria that used to be killed by antibiotics are more difficult to treat. What is the best way to proceed in dealing with this public health problem?
Antibiotics should no longer be used.
Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.
Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.
Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics.
While genetic engineering has positive benefits, there are also concerns associated with widespread use of genetic engineering in agriculture. If many farmers begin to plant more genetically modified crops that have an increased tolerance to insects, which of the following may result?
an increase in the use of pesticides
a decrease in genetic diversity of the crops
an increase in the contamination of the water supply
a decrease in crop productivity
What kind of genetically modified crops would be most successful in wet-tropical countries that are overcrowded?
crops that are drought- and pest-resistant
high-yield crops that do not need a lot of sunshine
high-yield crops that are pest-resistant
crops that are drought-resistant and need a lot of sunshine
Sperm are created through meiosis in an area of the testes called the seminiferous tubules. Through which structure do the sperm travel to exit the testes?
vas deferens
seminiferous tubules
scrotum
epididymis
Which of the following is true of a zygote?
It forms into a blastocyst
It is an unfertilized egg
It produces haploid male gametophytes
it is a fertilized egg
How does the predator-prey relationship affect a population?
The predators and prey are in competition with each other.
Usually either the predator or the prey will become extinct.
The predator species usually has exponential growth.
The relationship controls the population size of both species.
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true?
Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.
Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate.
Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate.
Growth rate is exponential.
In a process called transpiration, plants get rid of excess water through pores in the leaves called stomata. This excess water is then released into the atmosphere as part of the water cycle. Which of the following terms best describes how the released water enters the atmosphere?
condensation
precipitation
evaporation
capillary action
The framework of organic molecules essential to all organisms is composed mainly of carbon atoms. Which processes are involved in the cycling of carbon within an environment?
photosynthesis and respiration
evaporation and condensation
transcription and translation
diffusion and transpiration
According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed in horses?
commensalism
inbreeding
migration
evolution by natural selection
Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?
The jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time.
The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time.
There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time.
The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size.
Organisms classified as fungi have unique characteristics. Which of the following characteristics is found only in organisms classified in the kingdom fungi?
single cells without a nucleus
multicellular with chloroplasts
multicellular filaments that absorb nutrients
colonies of single, photosynthetic cells that reproduce asexually
Which kingdoms have photosynthetic organisms?
fungi and plants
fungi and protists
protists and plants
plants and animals
Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
prokaryotic and aerobic
prokaryotic and anaerobic
eukaryotic and aerobic
eukaryotic and anaerobic
Over time, the climate of an island became drier, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape thrived, while those not having that beak shape decreased. Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the finch populations to occur?
fewer mutations
limited food resources
limited beak variations
overproduction of offspring
Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?
An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.
The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.
Hitchhiker's thumb (H) is dominant to no hitchhiker's thumb (h). A woman who does not have hitchhiker's thumb marries a man who is heterozygous for hitchhiker's thumb. What is the probable genotypic ratio of their children?
0% Hh: 100% hh
50% Hh: 50% hh
75% Hh: 25% hh
100% Hh: 0% hh
