WorksheetsBiology Unit 6 EOC Review
Total questions: 33
Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins
A scientist is studying two strains of a species of bacteria, labeled A and B. Strain A has the trait of resistance to the drug penicillin, while Strain B is not resistant to penicillin. After populations of the two strains are mixed together, which is the most likely way that Strain B becomes resistant to penicillin?
The bacteria in Strain B form a mutualistic relationship with the bacteria in Strain A.
The bacteria in Strain B undergo random mutations, some of which provide resistance to penicillin.
The bacteria in Strain B form endosperms, which are temporary multicellular organisms.
Bacteria in both strains exchange genetic information through the process of conjugation.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a deadly disease. Could someone be infected with HIV yet show no symptoms of AIDS? Choose the correct answer and most likely explanation.
Yes, the virus may be inactive for many cell cycles, similar to the lysogenic infections of bacteria.
Yes, the virus may be active and damage the immune system, but no symptoms may arise.
No, the virus becomes active and damages the immune system very soon after infection occurs.
No, even when the virus is inactive, the immune system attacks it and symptoms of AIDS appear.
A scientist is studying the cells of an unidentified organism. Which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that the organism is a fungus?
The cells are especially small, and they do not have nuclei or cell walls.
The cells have a boxy shape, and they have cell walls made of cellulose.
The cells have cell walls that are made of chitin.
The cells have nuclei, but they do not have cell walls.
A scientist has identified a species that is unicellular and lacks nuclei. The cells are much smaller than the cells of a typical plant or animal. Is the species a member of domain Bacteria?
Yes, the species is classified in domain Bacteria.
Maybe, the species might be classified in domain Archaea.
Maybe, the species might be classified in kingdom Protista.
No, the species is classified in kingdom Protista.
Scientists continue to use the term protist to classify eukaryotic species, including many species that are similar to plants, animals, and fungi. Which discovery led scientists to re-evaluate the way they classified protists?
Some prokaryotic organisms resemble plants, animals, or fungi.
Some eukaryotic, single-celled organisms do not resemble plants, animals, or fungi.
All eukaryotic organisms are multicellular.
Some prokaryotic organisms resemble protists.
Mosses and other bryophytes are quite short, while many ferns, cone-bearing plants, and flowering plants can grow quite tall. Which type of tissue found in the taller plants, but not in mosses, is most useful for explaining the tall heights that plants can achieve?
endosperm, which nurtures the developing plant embryo in a seed
apical meristems, which allow growth in the tips of roots and shoots
vascular tissues, which conduct water and nutrients against the pull of gravity
leaf epidermis, which protects inner leaf tissues from drying out
Most familiar plants are either gymnosperms or angiosperms. Which structural feature is always found in examples of one of these two plant groups, but is not present in the other plant group?
a waxy coat that prevents water loss
cells with chloroplasts, where photosynthesis is performed
woody stems or trunks
seeds made by flowers and contained in fruits
What best describes the role of this example of a flower in seed production?
The flower may contribute pollen, but not ovules.
The flower may contribute ovules, but not pollen.
The flower may contribute pollen or ovules, but not both.
The flower may contribute pollen, ovules, or both pollen and ovules.
After the flower is pollinated, a seed and fruit will develop. What function, if any, is performed by the flower petals as seeds and fruits develop?
The petals wrap around the developing ovule to protect it.
The petals wrap around the developing fruit and become an outer rind or coat.
The petals attract animals that may help to distribute the fruits and seeds.
The petals fall away; their function was completed when the flower was pollinated.
Seeds are used as reproductive structures in a wide variety of plants, and all seeds have a very similar structure. Along with a food supply, what else is found in a seed?
separated male gametes and female gametes
either male gametes or female gametes, but not both
exactly one male gamete and one female gamete, ready to be joined together
a living embryo of the plant
Every year, an apple tree is dormant in winter and then blooms in spring. The flowers of an apple tree are a direct effect of changes in which tissue?
apical meristems, which gene expression transforms into floral meristems
ground tissue in the stems, which gene expression transforms into floral tissue
parenchyma in the leaves, which photosynthesis transforms into floral tissue
cork cambium in the stems, which produces flowers when it grows rapidly
Henri is conducting an investigation on plant growth. He calculates that one plant gained 18 grams in mass during the course of an experiment. He tried to measure the mass of water that the plant removed from the soil, but he failed to obtain a useful measurement.
Henri wants to draw a conclusion about the mass of water that the plant used during the experiment. Which general statement about plant processes is most useful for Henri to draw the conclusion?
The mass of plant tissues comes mostly from water and nutrients in the soil.
The mass of plant tissues comes equally from water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Almost all of the water that plants take up is transpired through the leaves.
Almost all of the water that plants take up is used for photosynthesis.
Stomata are tiny openings in the epidermis of a leaf, and they allow gases to diffuse between the air and leaf tissues. Under which circumstances are stomata most likely to be closed or nearly closed?
during hot, humid weather, when water is plentiful
during hot, dry weather, when water is scarce
when a plant is actively growing in spring or summer
when a young plant, or seedling, is actively growing
A variety of tropisms allow plants to respond to their environment and orient themselves appropriately. How does gravitropism compare between roots and stems?
The response is positive in both tissues, due to auxins migrating in the same way.
The response is positive in roots and negative in stems, despite auxins migrating in the same way in both tissues.
Roots, but not stems, experience gravitropism due to auxins affecting roots only.
Stems, but not roots, experience gravitropism due to auxins affecting stems only.
Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil around them. How does water enter the roots?
by diffusion, without any energy expended by the roots
by osmosis, due to the roots allowing mineral ions to diffuse out of its cells
by osmosis, due to roots pumping mineral ions into its cells by active transport
by active transport, with the aid of a special protein that pumps water across the cell membrane
The cladogram shown here describes evolutionary relationships among several vertebrate lineages. Each of the six labeled dots represents a derived character for a lineage. The cladogram also includes the names of six animals alive today.
The cladogram provides the least amount of evidence for determining which of the following?
whether or not lizards develop from an amniotic egg
whether or not lizards use mammary glands to feed their young
the order, from oldest to most recent, in which the six animals evolved
the order, from oldest to most recent, in which the six derived characters evolved
Tunicates and lancelets are marine (ocean-dwelling) animals that do not have backbones. Scientists classify them as nonvertebrate chordates.
These animals provide evidence for which evolutionary relationship?
A notochord evolved before vertebrae.
Vertebrae evolved before the notochord.
Notochords and vertebrae evolved at the same time.
Vertebrates evolved from animals that lacked notochords.
A fossil hominine, nicknamed Lucy, represents the species Australopithecus afarensis. Which conclusion about hominine evolution is supported by Lucy and other fossil examples of her species?
Bipedalism evolved before large brains and intelligence.
Bipedalism and large brains both evolved at the same time.
Bipedalism evolved after large brains and intelligence.
Early hominines migrated to nearly all land habitats.
Scientists have found many fossils of recent human ancestors, and the fossils represent several species. Over the years, scientists have proposed a variety of ideas about the identification and classification of many of these fossils. How do scientists explain their difficulty in classifying human ancestors and establishing the lineage that led to modern humans?
Evidence shows that Homo species arose independently in different regions of the world.
Evidence shows that human evolution began suddenly, soon after the dinosaurs became extinct.
Evidence shows that human evolution began suddenly about 5000 years ago, during a recent ice age.
Evidence shows that human ancestors had a complex lineage that involved interbreeding among Homo species.
The fossil record shows that amphibians were once the dominant vertebrates on land. What characteristics distinguish amphibians from the reptiles that replaced them?
The amphibians were much smaller and slower than reptiles.
Young amphibians hatched and developed in water
Adult amphibians had lungs and were able to breathe air.
The amphibians laid leathery eggs in nests on land.
Which event occurs in the circulatory system shown on the right, but not in the circulatory system shown on the left?
Blood travels only through blood vessels and not through open spaces called sinuses.
The blood receives oxygen when it passes through body capillaries.
The blood receives oxygen when it passes through a capillary bed in a respiratory organ.
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart before flowing through body capillaries.
Sometimes, a passageway of the circulatory system can narrow or become blocked. In the circulatory system shown on the right in the illustration, where would a blockage have the least effect on blood flow?
in one of the body capillaries
in one of the atria of the heart
in the artery that leads from the heart to the lungs
in the vein that leads from the lungs to the heart
The system shown at the right in the illustration includes a four-chambered heart. In some cases, a hole opens between the left side and right side of the heart. Blood from either side can pass through the hole to the other side. What is the main effect of this change in blood flow?
A greater volume of blood flows through all blood vessels.
A smaller volume of blood flows through all blood vessels.
The blood delivered to body capillaries has more oxygen.
The blood delivered to body capillaries has less oxygen.
Some animals are able to reproduce either by asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction allows the population to increase rapidly.
Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity by increasing the mutation rate in offspring.
Sexual reproduction decreases genetic diversity by producing offspring that are most fit for the environment.
Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity by combining existing genes from two parents.
A scientist is investigating reproduction in hydra, which can reproduce either sexually or asexually. The scientist has developed a compound that prevents meiosis from occurring normally in hydra, but it has no effect on mitosis. What effect would this compound have on hydra?
The compound stops the cell cycle, except for its involvement in reproduction.
The compound stops all forms of reproduction, while allowing growth to occur normally.
The compound prevents asexual reproduction from occurring, while allowing sexual reproduction to occur normally.
The compound prevents sexual reproduction from occurring, while allowing asexual reproduction to occur normally.
Julie compares the mammalian brain to the brains of amphibians and reptiles. Her comparison is most useful for explaining which advantage of mammals compared to the other animal groups?
ability to maintain homeostasis
ability to coordinate muscle motions
skills in reasoning, learning, and memory
speed of conduction of the nervous system
From top to bottom, what four main parts does the diagram show?
cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, spinal cord
cerebellum, cerebrum, spinal cord, medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata, cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord
medulla oblongata, cerebellum, cerebrum, spinal cord
Is it possible for tainted drinking water to make people sick throughout a community?
Yes, water that has not been treated properly may carry pathogens as well as toxins, such as lead and mercury.
Yes, water that has not been treated properly may carry pathogens, although most toxins settle out of the water.
No, pathogens cannot live in fresh water, and toxins always settle out of the water.
Maybe, scientists and public health officials think the evidence is inconclusive.
Ragweed pollen is a common allergen in environments where ragweed grows. How can ragweed pollen be a health concern when it is inhaled?
The pollen attacks and destroys cells of the immune system.
The pollen causes an immune system response, even though it is not a pathogen.
The pollen is a pathogen that causes a vigorous immune system response.
The pollen attacks and destroys cells of the respiratory system.
The body of a healthy 10-year-old boy is invaded by the virus that causes mumps. The boy has never suffered from mumps. Nevertheless, memory cells of his immune system recognize the virus and very quickly reproduce cells that attack it. No infection occurs.
What is the most likely explanation for the actions of the boy’s immune system?
The boy had previously suffered from a bacterial infection that has similar symptoms that occur with mumps.
The boy inherited the memory cells from one or both of his parents.
A mutation occurred in the boy’s DNA, generating the useful memory cells.
The boy had received a vaccine against this specific virus.
The immune system relies on antibodies to attack antigens. Which statement describes how this process works in humoral immunity?
Macrophages consume viruses and display antigens on their surface, where antibodies attack.
Antibodies circulate in the blood and lymph, attacking antigens they encounter.
Pathogens specifically attack antibodies, which then attack the antigens they display.
Antibodies attach themselves to body tissues and respond to antigens that attack them.
AIDS is a deadly disease that is caused by an infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most useful ways to prevent an HIV infection all involve which of these strategies?
administering anti-HIV drugs or vaccines to prepare the body for an infection
removing HIV with basic hygiene, such as by washing with soap and warm water
preventing HIV transmission through contaminated air or water
preventing HIV transmission through the exchange of body fluids, such as blood or semen
Vicky is concerned about acquiring infectious diseases, including both serious diseases, such as AIDS, and mild illnesses, such as the common cold. She asks a healthcare provider if she can practice behaviors or take actions in her daily life that would eliminate all chances of acquiring an infectious disease. Which statement is the most reasonable response to Vicky’s question?
Yes, all pathogens can be avoided by abstaining from certain risky activities, such as sharing needles.
Yes, all pathogens can be removed from the body by practicing basic hygiene, such as regular washing.
No, pathogens live nearly everywhere; behaviors in daily life can reduce but not eliminate the chances of infection.
No, pathogens live nearly everywhere; behaviors in daily life cannot affect the chances of infection.
