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WorksheetsBiology EOC Practice Exam Part 2
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 58mins
How does the cell cycle affect the chromosomes that cells carry?
Whenever mitosis is completed, the number of chromosomes is reduced by one half.
Mitosis reduces the number of chromosomes by one half, and the S-phase restores the lost chromosomes.
Mitosis divides chromosomes into identical chromatids, and the S-phase replicates the chromatids.
Mitosis duplicates chromatids to form chromosomes, and the S-phase divides the chromosomes into identical chromatids.
When cells become cancerous, what changes generally occur to the cell cycle?
Cells remain stuck in the S-phase, and cell growth and cell division cease.
Cells pass directly from mitosis to the G1 phase, and they gradually grow larger and less differentiated.
Cells pass directly from the G1 phase to the G2 phase, and they gradually lose genetic information.
Cells pass through the cycle without proper control, and they grow and divide rapidly and improperly.
A parent cell with 24 chromosomes enters meiosis. Which type of cell is produced when meiosis is completed?
a cell with 24 chromosomes, genetically identical to the parent cell
a cell with 24 chromosomes, but it is not genetically identical to the parent cell
a cell with 12 chromosomes, one from each homologous pair of the parent cell
a cell with 12 chromosomes, representing 6 homologous pairs from the parent cell
Which event occurs in meiosis, but not in mitosis?
Homologous chromosomes are divided among daughter cells.
Daughter cells form with the same genetic information as the parent cells.
A spindle apparatus forms to move chromosomes across the cell.
Homologous chromosomes fuse together to reduce the chromosome number by one half.
Arnold is reviewing the Miller-Urey experiment and similar experiments on the origins of life on Earth. In each of these experiments, several inorganic gases were mixed in a chamber to simulate the atmosphere of early Earth. Then the gases were subjected to a spark of electricity, which simulated a lightning bolt. The gases reacted to form simple amino acids and other organic compounds.
Arnold claims that the results of the experiments show how the first organic molecules formed on Earth.
Which statement is the best evaluation of Arnold’s claim?
The claim is well justified. The results were verified by many experiments.
The claim is well justified. The experiments tested all of the possible mechanisms for making organic molecules.
The claim is poorly justified. The experiments tested only one mechanism for making organic molecules; other mechanisms may exist.
The claim may or may not be justified, depending on the conclusions of the scientists who completed the experiments.
The cladogram identifies the classification of the four major groups of plants, and it shows the evolutionary relationships among the groups.
Herschel wants to describe the most recent common ancestor of cone-bearing plants and flowering plants. Which description is most accurate?
The ancestor had seeds and flowers, because these traits are derived characters for either the clade of cone-bearing plants or the clade of flowering plants.
The ancestor had seeds but not flowers, because only seeds are a derived character for the clade of cone-bearing plants and flowering plants.
The ancestor lacked both seeds and flowers, because these traits evolved later in the evolutionary lineages of cone-bearing plants and flowering plants.
The ancestor had flowers but not seeds, because flowers evolved before seeds in the evolutionary lineage of flowering plants.
Scientists once used the general term bacteria to describe all prokaryotes. Why has the classification of bacteria been changed?
Evidence shows that prokaryotes include two distinct groups, so Bacteria and Archaea are now two domains of prokaryotes.
Evidence shows that bacteria are closely related to eukaryotes, so Bacteria are now a kingdom of prokaryotes and single-celled eukaryotes.
Evidence shows that bacteria have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, so Bacteria are now a domain that includes only single-celled eukaryotes.
Evidence shows that archaea evolved before bacteria, so Bacteria are now a kingdom of prokaryotes in domain Archaea.
Members of the domain Eukarya include animals, plants, fungi, and protists. According to modern evolutionary classification, which of these four groups is not a true kingdom?
animals, because vertebrates and invertebrates share very few physical or behavioral traits
plants, because the common ancestor of all plants was a single-celled algae
fungi, because fungi share several traits with plants, yet genetically they are more similar to animals
protists, because the common ancestor of all protists was also an ancestor for the other eukaryotic kingdoms
As supported by fossil evidence of human ancestors, which of the following traits evolved before the other traits in the evolutionary lineage that led to Homo sapiens?
bipedalism
making and using tools
large, human-sized brain
excellent hunting skills
Which of these events would most likely cause an algal bloom in a lake, river, or other body of water?
a sudden addition of nitrogen-rich compounds to the water
the removal of small animals that eat algae
a sudden increase in the temperature of the water
a gradual increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
Pesticides are used to kill harmful insects on farms. However, the pesticides can reduce biodiversity by killing a wide variety of insects. Based on this information, which is the most likely side effect of widespread pesticide use?
decreased plant growth, due to drier soil
increased risk of flood damage, due to dried-up wetlands
decreased plant growth, due to depleted soil
lower yields of fruit crops, due to decreased pollination
The diagram shows how a community will colonize bare rock and then change over many decades.
In this example, what is the main cause of the changes that the community undergoes?
climate change, because each community is determined by climate
the actions of animals, because each plant community provides food for an animal community
ecological succession, because each community promotes the growth of the succeeding community
tectonic events, such as earthquakes, because they disrupt one community and open niches for a new community
The graph shows the changing populations of wolves and moose on Isle Royale National Park. Wolves are predators, and moose are their prey.
Which statement about the populations of wolves and moose is most strongly supported by the data in the graph?
Wolves are a limiting factor on the moose population, but moose do not affect the wolf population.
Moose are a limiting factor on the wolf population, but wolves do not affect the moose population.
The wolf and moose population sizes are determined by abiotic limiting factors and not by predator-prey relationships.
Wolves and moose each act as a limiting factor on each other’s population.
The diagram shows a partial model of a food web in a terrestrial ecosystem. Other plants and animals take part in the food web, as do bacteria and other decomposers.
Does the owl depend on plants for its food?
Yes, the owl eats plants as part of its diet.
No, the owl eats other animals and not plants.
Yes, the energy in plant tissues is passed up the food web to the owl.
No, all of the energy in plant tissues is lost as heat to the environment.
The diagram shows a partial model of a food web in a terrestrial ecosystem. Other plants and animals take part in the food web, as do bacteria and other decomposers.
Which trophic level of the food web contains the greatest amount of energy?
the plants, which form the base of all food chains in the food web
the tertiary consumers, which accumulate all of the energy from lower trophic levels flow
the primary consumers, which are the most numerous of the consumer groups
the secondary consumers, which are the most physically active of the consumer groups
The diagram shows a partial model of a food web in a terrestrial ecosystem. Other plants and animals take part in the food web, as do bacteria and other decomposers.
The food web and ecosystem includes a farm and its crops. The farmer wants to spray the crops with a pesticide to kill grasshoppers and other insect pests. However, a scientist argues that the pesticide could persist in the ecosystem, similar to the persistence of DDT.
If the scientist’s argument is correct, then which is the most likely effect of the pesticide on the ecosystem?
The pesticide kills many insects, but it does not pass into the bodies of other consumers.
The pesticide passes up food chains and becomes evenly distributed among all consumers.
The pesticide passes up food chains and becomes highly concentrated in the tissues of tertiary consumers.
The pesticide circulates between producers and primary consumers, but it does not pass further along food chains.
Electricity can be generated from a variety of sources, including fossil fuels, nuclear power, solar cells, wind turbines, and geothermal energy. Which is a significant environmental cost of burning fossil fuels that is not incurred with the use of the other energy resources?
global climate change, which is caused by the transfer of carbon to the atmosphere
a disruption of the water cycle, which is caused by the heating of water at power plants
radioactive pollutants, which may be accidentally released at power plants
localized warming, which is caused by the release of heat into the atmosphere
Most familiar plants have a network of xylem and phloem that transports a variety of materials and substances around the plant. Do the activities of xylem and phloem support photosynthesis in the plant’s leaves?
Yes, they deliver carbon dioxide to the leaves and carry oxygen away from the leaves.
Yes, they deliver water to the leaves and carry the products of photosynthesis away from the leaves.
No, although they deliver water to the leaves, the water is not necessary for photosynthesis.
No, xylem and phloem extend only through roots and stems; they do not travel into leaves.
The diagram shows the structure of the mammalian brain.
Find the brain structure labeled by the arrow. Which of these activities would involve the greatest contribution from this brain structure?
solving a math problem
practicing a new dance step
remembering the name of a relative
sensing the air temperature as warm or cold
The illustration below shows simplified models of two different circulatory systems.
In both models, which is one way that the real circulatory system is more complex than the model shows?
The heart has several additional chambers for receiving and pumping blood.
Arteries and veins divide and branch many times to serve all of the body capillaries.
A capillary bed interfaces with the digestive system, where gas exchange occurs.
Twenty wide arteries extend directly from the heart, each carrying blood to a separate capillary bed.
When a virus, bacteria, or other pathogen invades the body, the cells of the immune system act to attack and remove the pathogen. However, when functioning properly, the immune system will not attack the body’s cells.
How does the immune system differentiate a pathogen from body cells?
Pathogens have especially weak cell membranes that the immune system can break.
Pathogens and body cells have different surface proteins, or antigens, that the immune system recognizes.
Body cells release a variety of chemicals that deactivate the immune system.
Pathogens are significantly smaller and reproduce more rapidly than body cells.
Healthcare professionals offer a wide variety of advice for staying healthy.
Here are three examples:
• Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet.
• Avoid eating rotten or spoiled food.
• Do not share personal items such as combs and toothbrushes.
What do all three of these practices have in common?
They keep toxic metals away from the body.
They help to reduce the mutation rate.
They help to stop the spread of pathogens.
They prevent allergic reactions.
In the past twenty years, new developments in biotechnology have raised a wide variety of issues involving personal rights and privacy. Which of the following is a new development in biotechnology that already has affected privacy rights?
A copy of a human gene can be transferred to an individual who needs it.
A copy of a human gene can be inserted into bacteria to make a useful product.
Human DNA can be extracted and used to make a clone.
DNA samples can be used to identify an individual.
The carbon cycle involves a variety of processes that move and convert carbon between Earth systems. The diagram summarizes the main processes of the carbon cycle.
Which pair of events could best be represented by the same arrow in the carbon cycle diagram?
A plant performs photosynthesis, and an animal performs cellular respiration.
Termites consume a tree trunk, and a tree trunk burns in a forest fire.
Humans burn trees to release energy in the trees, and humans burn fossil fuels to release energy in the fuels.
A plant performs photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide dissolves and acidifies ocean water.
The carbon cycle involves a variety of processes that move and convert carbon between Earth systems. The diagram summarizes the main processes of the carbon cycle.
Ted is concerned about the rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, which scientists argue are causing global climate change. As Ted studies the diagram of the carbon cycle, he notices that photosynthesis is the only process that converts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the carbon compounds of the biosphere.
Which of the following questions that Ted might ask could be investigated by applying the methods of science?
How can scientists convince government leaders that climate change is a serious problem?
Should we invest in research to improve artificial methods of converting carbon dioxide to other compounds?
Is a change in global rates of photosynthesis affecting levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What are the best strategies for fighting climate change or coping with its effects?
Both of Maya’s grandmothers suffered from the same inheritable genetic disorder. Maya does not know the name of the disorder or other information about it. However, she does learn that the two grandmothers were the only known family members to have this disorder.
Maya is healthy. However, if her parents have another child, could this child have the same genetic disorder as the grandmothers?
Yes, but only if the child is female.
Yes, if the genetic disorder is carried by a recessive allele.
Yes, if the genetic disorder is carried by a dominant allele.
No, because Maya’s parents do not have the disorder.
Simon is studying a marsh ecosystem that is being altered by purple loosestrife, an invasive species. Simon calculates that the population of the purple loosestrife has been doubling in size every 50 days.
How is the purple loosestrife population most likely to change in the future?
The population will eventually increase in a pattern of logistic growth as limiting factors begin to affect it.
The population will eventually increase in a pattern of exponential growth as its limiting factors are removed.
The population will eventually increase and decrease in a cyclical pattern, but it will never reach carrying capacity.
The population will eventually decrease to zero or near zero as native species develop new adaptations.
Demographers use graphs like this one to analyze patterns of population growth and decline.
Suzie studies the graph and concludes that in Stage I and at the end of Stage III, the population of a country either is not changing size or is increasing slightly. Which assumption is necessary for Suzie’s conclusion to be accurate?
The population of the country did not increase substantially during Stage II.
The population of the country increased at least slightly during Stage II.
The population has a roughly equal distribution of people in age groups from ages 0 to 60 years.
The difference between the rates of immigration and emigration is insignificantly small.
Demographers use graphs like this one to analyze patterns of population growth and decline.
As Suzie conducts additional research on demography, she researches data on population growth in several countries. Which of these steps would be most effective in assuring the accuracy of the data?
Make sure that many sources agree with the data, and ignore sources that provide conflicting information.
Only cite sources that are popular among the general public, such as magazines and newspapers.
Make sure data is provided by a reliable source, such as a government agency, a scientific journal, or a respected organization of scientists.
Only cite data that is at least 10 years old, because it is more likely to have been tested and be reliable than more recent data.
