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8th grade - Heredity

Total questions: 57

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This is the combination of genes from your mom and dad.

a)

Phenotype

b)

Allele

c)

Genotype

d)

Dominant

2.

This is a gene that you get from your mom or dad.

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

Allele

d)

Recessive

3.

These are the traits we see because of the genotype

a)

Recessive

b)

Dominant

c)

Allele

d)

Phenotype

4.

The type of allele that will always show

a)

Genotype

b)

Recessive

c)

Dominant

d)

Allele

5.

If you have this type of allele it might not even show.

a)

Recessive

b)

Dominant

c)

Allele

d)

Progressive

6.

The different forms of a gene

a)

alleles

b)

atoms

c)

proteins

d)

wheels

7.

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

a)

heredity

b)

a molecule

8.

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

a)

dominant allele

b)

codominance

c)

probability

d)

Punnett Square

9.

The mathematical chance that an event will occur

a)

accident

b)

probability

10.

An organism's physical appearance or visible traits. (what it looks like)

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

11.

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combination. The letters we use to show the allele combination.

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

12.

An organism that has two identical (THE SAME) alleles for a trait (purebred)

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

13.

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (hybrid)

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

14.

B = brown fur b = white fur

In the Punnett square, what is the probability for white fur?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

15.
What is genetics?
a)
The study of DNA nucleotides
b)
The study of heredity
c)
The study of a cell dividing into 2
d)
The study of eye color
16.
After Mendel died scientists began to recognize the importance of his ideas. They called him a name. What was that name?
a)
Father of genes
b)
Father of heredity
c)
Father of genetics
d)
Father of traits
17.
Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Mitochondria
18.
What is a recessive allele?
a)
A trait that is always shown (capital letter)
b)
A trait that can be hidden (lower case letter)
c)
Alleles that are the same
d)
Alleles that are different
19.
The genes of an organism
a)
Mesotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Teletype
d)
Genotype
20.
The physical traits of an organism
a)
Teletype
b)
Genotype
c)
Mesotype
d)
Phenotype
21.
A unit of genetic material that determines a trait
a)
Carrier
b)
DNA
c)
chromosome
d)
Gene
22.
Genes always appear in pairs. Your parents donate ________ allele for every trait.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
23
d)
46
23.
____________________ are used to make predictions about the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
a)
Dominant Squares
b)
Punnett Grids
c)
Punnett Squares
d)
Recessive Squares
24.
What are the two genotypes that show the DOMINANT Phenotype
a)
GG, gg
b)
GG, Gg
c)
Gg, gg
25.
What is the only Genotype that shows the RECESSIVE Phenotype?
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
26.

Every living thing has genetic information stored in the form of

a)

Ribosomes

b)

DNA

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Mitochondria

27.

Chromosomes are

a)

Found in the mitochondria

b)

Made of 20 pairs

c)

Long strands of DNA that contain many genes

d)

Bundles of DNA that contain only one gene each

28.

True or false: Mutations only harm chances of survival:

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Traits that are passed from parents to offspring are always

a)

Recessive

b)

Inherited

c)

Dominant

d)

Heterozygous

30.

The genetic difference between individuals in the same species is

a)

Interesting

b)

Harmful

c)

Variation

d)

Genetics

31.

If a gene is always expressed or always shown with a capital letter it is

a)

Bossy

b)

Recessive

c)

Yelling

d)

Dominant

32.
The pictures below show two dogs. The instructions determining the color of their fur are found in their cell...
a)
cytoplasm
b)
membrane
c)
mitochondria
d)
chromosomes
33.
White hair (W) is dominant in horses, and non-white (w) is recessive. A dominant WW horse is crossed with a recessive ww horse, as shown in the Punnett square. What percentage of offspring would have white hair?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
34.
Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r) in pea plants. If two heterozygous parents are crossed as shown above, what percentage of offspring would have round seeds?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
35.
Hanging earlobes (L) are dominant to attached earlobes (l). Based on the diagram, which box would have attached earlobes?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
36.
In mussels, brown coloring (B) is dominant and blue coloring (b) is recessive. Which cross would have 100% of offspring with blue color?
a)
Bb x Bb
b)
BB x bb
c)
bb x bb
d)
BB x BB
37.
According to the theory of natural selection, how did giraffe necks get longer over time?
a)
Short-necked giraffes were killed by long-necked giraffes.
b)
Giraffes stretched to make their necks longer.
c)
Long-necked giraffes could reach more food and survived longer to reproduce.
d)
Long-necked giraffes only mated with long-necked giraffes.
38.
Peppered moths come in light and dark colors. Light moths are more common, since they blend in with the light bark of the trees they live on. If pollution darkens the color of the bark, what does natural selection predict will happen to the moths?
a)
Their color will remain light gray
b)
Their color will turn dark gray
c)
Their wings will get shorter
d)
Their wings will get longer
39.
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
a)
protein
b)
trait
c)
DNA
d)
gene
40.
Children of a parent
a)
Offspring
b)
Behavior
c)
Trait
d)
Instinct
41.
Why can some people roll their tongues and others cannot? 
a)
Rolling your tongue is an instinct
b)
Rolling your tongue is an inherited trait
c)
Rolling your tongue is an acquired trait
d)
Rolling your tongue is a learned behavior
42.

During meiosis, how many haploid daughter cells are produced?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

23

d)

46

43.

Gametes must be haploid because —

a)

the gametes’ chromosomes will be replicated prior to cell division

b)

two gametes will unite during fertilization to create a diploid cell

c)

fertilization results with a haploid zygote

d)

gametes are small and can hold only the haploid number of chromosomes

44.

The process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells is called —

a)

interphase

b)

meiosis

c)

cell division

d)

mitosis

45.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can exchange DNA in a process known as — See Figure M-10.

a)

crossing over

b)

replication

c)

cytokinesis

d)

internal fertilization

46.

The process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells is called —

a)

interphase

b)

meiosis

c)

cell division

d)

mitosis

47.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
48.
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
a)
The same number
b)
One-fourth as many
c)
Twice as many
d)
Half as many
49.
Which of the following cells is a gamete?
a)
egg
b)
bone
c)
heart
d)
muscle
50.
In mitosis cells are genetically _______, but in meiosis cells are genetically ______.
a)
diverse, identical
b)
identical, diverse/different
51.

An inherited trait that helps those organisms that have it to survive

a)

niche

b)

structure

c)

characteristic

d)

adaptation

52.

A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.

a)

an adaptation

b)

environment

c)

response

d)

stimulus

53.
DNA codes for...
a)
bases
b)
proteins
c)
amino acids
d)
phosphates
54.

What is the name of this structure found in our nucleus?

a)

chromosome

b)

gene

c)

ribosome

d)

DNA

55.
The drawing shows the structure of what molecule?
a)
A DNA molecule
b)
A lipid molecule
c)
A carbohydrate molecule
d)
A protein molecule
56.

How many chromosomes do human cells have?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

2

d)

44

57.

Bundled up, organized DNA is called a

a)

gene

b)

trait

c)

chromosome

d)

nucleotide

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