A decrease in length, area, or volume of a material caused by a drop in temperature

The tensile or compressive stress developed in a material constrained against thermal expansion or contraction

The sudden stress a rapid change in temperature can produce in a material

The range of unit stresses for which a material exhibits elastic deformation

The range of unit stresses for which a material exhibits plastic deformation

The range of unit stresses for which a material exhibits increased strength with some loss of ductility

A change in the shape or dimensions of a body or structure resulting from stress

The property of a material that causes it to rupture suddenly under stress with little evident deformation

The breaking of a material resulting from the rupturing of its atomic bonds when stressed beyond its ultimate strength

The weakening or failure of a material at a stress below the elastic limit when subjected to a repeated series of stresses

A measure of a material's resistance to deformation when stressed within its elastic range

The property of a material that enables it to undergo plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the elastic limit and before rupturing

A desirable property of a structural material since plastic behavior is an indicator of reserve strength and can serve as a visual warning of impending failure

The property of a material that enables it to absorb energy before rupturing, represented by the area under the stress-strain curve derived from a tensile test of a material

The property of a material that enables it to resist deformation by compression, indentation, or penetration

The maximum unit stress permitted for a material in the design of a structural member, usually a fraction of the material's elastic limit, yield strength, or ultimate strength

The stress necessary to produce a specified limiting permanent set in a material, usually 0.2% of its original length when tested in tension

The ultimate tensile, compressive, or shearing stress a material can be expected to bear without rupturing or fracturing

The maximum stress to which a material can be subjected for an indefinite number of cycles without failing

The fractional change in length, area, or volume of a material per unit change in temperature at a given constant pressure

The property of a material that enables it to resist being worn away by friction when rubbed with another object

A measure of toughness rather than hardness

A necessary quality of flooring materials and surface finishes

The ratio between the fatigue limit and the tensile strength of a material

The property of a material that enables it to maintain its original shape and dimensions when subjected to changes in temperature or humidity

A graphic representation of the relationship between unit stress values and the corresponding unit strains for a specific material

The inelastic strain remaining in a material after complete release of the stress producing the deformation

A process for exposing a material to ultraviolet rays, water sprays, and heating elements in order to simulate the long-term effects of sun, rain, and temperature changes

A temporary change in the dimensions or shape of a body produced by a stress less than the elastic limit of the material

The stress beyond which the ratio of stress to strain for a material no longer remains constant

A coefficient of elasticity of a material, expressing the ratio between a unit stress and the corresponding unit strain caused by the stress

A permanent change in the dimensions or shape of a body produced by a stress greater than the elastic limit of the material, remaining rigid under stresses of less than a certain intensity

The stress beyond which a marked increase in strain occurs in a material without a concurrent increase in stress

The maximum stress that can be applied to a material without causing permanent deformation

The property of a material that enables it to deform in response to an applied force and to recover its original size and shape upon removal of the force

The taking in or reception of a gas or liquid by molecular or chemical action

The adhesion of a thin, condensed layer of gas, liquid, or dissolved substance to the surface of a solid, usually without any physical or chemical change in the material

The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to the effects of sun, wind, moisture, and changes in temperature

An increase in the bulk of a material caused by the absorption of water or water vapor. Also called bulking.

A device for determining the weather resistance of a material by subjecting a test specimen to accelerated weathering

A measure of the abrasion resistance of a material, commonly expressed as the depth of penetration or material loss after testing with a weighted abrasive wheel for a specified number of cycles

The theory that the temperature of a substance increases with an increase of the average kinetic energy of its particles when heat is absorbed

The brittle behavior an increased rate of load application can cause in a normally ductile material

The brittle behavior low temperatures can cause in a normally ductile material

The time-dependent decrease in stress in a constrained material under a constant load

The gradual and permanent deformation of a body produced by a continued application of stress or prolonged exposure to heat