WorksheetsAP Bio 2nd Semester Review
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Sequence
C,D, B, A, F, E
B,E,C,F,A,D
D,A,F,C,E,B
C,B,D,A E,F
DNA is replicated during ______ of the cell cycle.
G1
G2
S
G0
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
A pair of identical chromosomes shown in a karyotype, one inherited from mom, and one inherited from dad are called
sister chromatids
centromeres
homologous chromosomes
autosomes
Which process does not occur in aerobic (with oxygen) conditions?
Fermentation
Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
How is cellular respiration related to photosynthesis?
Both require oxygen to start
It is the reverse reaction of photosynthesis
Both start with glycolysis
Both end with 38 ATP for cells
What is/are the product(s) of aerobic cellular respiration?
ATP
Water
CO2
All answers are correct
The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occurs across the ________ and so extra folds called ________ enable it to occur more often
Mitochondrial matrix, villi
Outer mitochondrial membrane, flagella
Inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae
Cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?
As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration (fermentation), which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.
During chemiosmosis
H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor
energy is released as H+ ions move freely across the mitochondrial membrane
a concentration gradient is generated when H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix to the inner mitochondrial membrane
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase
The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is _______ and this allows _______________ to continue
oxygen, electron flow
carbon dioxide, aerobic respiration
water, citric acid cycle
NAD+, chemiosmosis
The main purpose of fermentation is to
produce oxygen
replenish oxaloacetic acid for the Krebs cycle
replenish NAD+ for glycolysis
produce ATP
Photosynthesis is an energy storing process (in glucose) and cellular respiration is an energy releasing process (to ATP)
True
False
Suppose that in sheep, a dominant allele (B) produce black hair and a recessive allele (b) produce white hair. If you saw a black sheep, you would be able to identify
its phenotype for hair color
its genotype for hair color
the genotype of only one of its parents
the phenotype of both of its parents
In mice, the homozygous mice are black and white. The heterozygous mice are gray. What pattern of inheritance is expressed in fur color in mice?
complete dominance and recessiveness
incomplete dominance
co-dominance
pleiotropy
In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait. If a man and a woman have a son who is affected with hemophilia, which of the following is definitely true?
The mother carries an allele for hemophilia
The father is afflicted with hemophilia
The father carries an allele for hemophilia
both parents carry an allele for hemophilia
In peas, the trait for tall plants is dominant (T) and the trait for short plants is recessive (t). The trait for yellow seeds is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seeds is recessive (y).
A cross between two plants results in 292 tall, yellow plants and 103 short, green plants. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
TtYY x Ttyy
TTyy x TTYy
TTYy x TTYy
TtYy x TtYy
If you roll three dice, what is the probability that they all turn up with a 2?
1/2
1/6
1/36
1/216
Find the degrees of freedom
4
5
6
7
Observed in the wild are 10 circles, 20 squares and 30 triangles. The ratio for this particular population is 2:3:5 observed: 10 circles expected:12
observed: 20 squares expected: 18
observed: 30 triangles expected: 30
Chi square: 5.96
Would you accept (fail to reject) or reject?
Accept (fail to reject)
Reject
What is the effect of a nucleotide-pair substitution that results in a nonsense mutation in a gene?
it changes an amino acid in the encoded protein
it introduces premature stop codon into the mRNA
It has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein
it alters the reading frame of the mRNA
Which is an example of a gene SUBSTITUTION mutation?
TAC -> AGG
TAC -> AUUG
TAC-> AU
TAC -> AUG
Seals the Okazaki fragments together
DNA Polymerase
helicase
ligase
primase
Cells must control gene expression so that
their genes will be expressed only when needed
their genes will never be expressed
their genes will always be expressed
genetic disorders can be corrected
A repressor protein
prevents DNA synthesis
destroys amino acids before protein synthesis occurs
attaches to ribosomes during translation
blocks movement of RNA polymerase
Replication of DNA is a semi-conservative process. Which of the following best describes this characteristic of replication?
each new DNA molecule is made of pieces of the parent strand and alternating with segments that have been newly constructed from the free nucleotides.
The double-stranded DNA molecule unzips, acts as a template for a new DNA molecule to be constructed, and then zips back together into its original form.
One strand of the DNA molecule acts as a template for transcription, in which a strand of mRNA is formed.
Each strand of the original, double-stranded DNA molecule serves as a template for a newly constructed, complementary strand.
What does the inducer molecule do in an inducible operon?
it binds to the repressor protein allowing transcription to occur
it binds to the operator and stops transcription
it binds to the promoter allowing transcription to occur
it binds to the repressor and stops transcription
The table shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be approximately what?
28.8%
21.5%
19.9%
13.4%
Consider the replication bubble diagrammed at the right. Which letters represent leading strands?
W and X
W and Z
Y and Z
X and Y
What type of gene mutation has occurred here? Normal-
AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG
Mutant-
AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G
deletion frameshift
substitution
insertion frameshift
nonsense
Where does the oxygen produced in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis come from?
chlorophyll
the atmosphere
carbon dioxide
water
The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the _____.
thylakoid membrane
stroma
grana
mesophyll
What are the products of the light dependent reactions?
ATP, NADPH, oxygen
water, carbon dioxide
H+, e-, oxygen
Which of the following BEST explains why phytoplankton and algae who live at the top of the ocean are important?
they produce glucose through photosynthesis
they remove CO2 through photosynthesis
they produce oxygen through photosynthesis
they eat fish and help return N to the ocean
Which of the following macromolecules needs the P cycled in the phosphorous cycle?
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
Which of the following best explains why the respiration line is flat?
plants are always doing cellular respiration with mitochondria
plants are confused during the night
plants stop doing photosynthesis at night
plants don't like cold water
Mice survived the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. Which of the following best predicts how the population was affected the summer after.
they evolved that summer.
the survivors have different allelic frequencies than the original population.
the survivors were bigger, faster and smarter than those that did not survive
the survivors have different genes than the original population.
Which of the following best describes the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
they both have cilia and golgi apparatus
bacteria have cell wall made of peptidoglycan and circular DNA
they both have a diploid genome and linear DNA
each has members with membrane-bond organelles and flagella
The sodium-potassium pump only works if:
ATP is available to use as energy to work against the gradient.
ATP synthase is available to allow the flow of protons.
there is a sufficient concentration gradient.
cells don't use sodium and they commit apoptosis.
