Use spoken language in situations with no L1 translation

Desuggest limitations for students via music and playful practice

Learn language via communicative activities

Delay speaking until students are ready

Conduct oral/aural drills and pattern practice

Learn language in safe and supportive environment

Teach language and content at the same time

Delay speaking until students are ready

Extensive use of silence to encourage students' active participation and learning

Desuggest limitations for students via music and playful practice

Engage students in learning via communicative activities

Let students do tasks with a clear outcome

Dialogue with students, pose problems, and problem solve

Create nondefensive environment for learning; teachers = counselors, students = clients

Use spoken language in situations with no L1 translation

Increase students' autonomy in learning

Learn language through communicative activities

Delay speaking until students are ready; learn through actions

Learn language through communicative tasks like information gaps

Engage students in doing tasks with clear outcomes

Teach students learning strategies and cooperation

Teach students language and content at the same time

Help students become independent and autonomous learners

Teach students grammar inductively and deductively

Allow students to apply different talents in learning

Engage students in completing tasks with clear outcomes

Have students translate from TL texts to L1

Encourage student cooperation in learning situations

Delay speaking until students are ready

Dialogue with students, pose problems, and problem solve

Conduct oral/aural drills and pattern practice

Provide students a safe space to learn and grow as whole person

Teach students how (i.e., strategies) to learn language

Let students work together so that they can learn with and from each other

Combine language learning and content learning for students

Provide resources for students to learn at their own pace

Focus students' attention on meaningful learning

Design learning activities that appeal to different talents/minds; respect students' talents

Make learning easy and fun through actions and visuals

Remove anxiety and stress for students so that they can learn better

Allow students to collaborate with each other in learning

Provide enhanced and authentic language learning experiences in which students are more autonomous