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Review for Final 20-21

Total questions: 116

Worksheet time: 2hrs 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Polaris is called the North Star because...

a)

It is a cold star.

b)

It is the brightest in the sky.

c)

It is located above the Earth's North Pole.

d)

It is only seen in the winter.

2.

Which altitude of Polaris could be observed in NYS?

Hint: look at page 3 of your ESRT

a)

23o

b)

35o

c)

44o

d)

90o

3.

The angle of the star Polaris above the northern horizon can be used to determine an observer's

a)

solar time

b)

latitude

c)

longitude

d)

local time

4.

At which location would you NOT see Polaris?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

5.

What is the altitude of Polaris at 40* North?

a)

40 degrees

b)

40 North

6.

If a mineral can scratch topaz what is it's hardness range?

a)

8.5 - 10

b)

7.5 - 1

c)

8

d)

unknown

7.
What is the scale that is used to indicate hardness of a mineral?
a)
Red Scale
b)
Moh's scale
c)
Einstein's Scale
d)
Fracture Scale
8.

When a mineral breaks apart in an irregular way with rough or jagged edges, it is called

a)

Cleavage

b)

Fracture

c)

Hardness

d)

Streak

9.

Moh’s scale of hardness ranks minerals from 1 which is the _______________ to 10 which is the ________________.

a)

Softest, hardest

b)

Hardest, softest

10.

Minerals formed from magma that cools very slowly will have __________ crystals

a)

Large

b)

Small

c)

Pink

d)

Cubic

11.

Minerals formed from magma that cools quickly will have __________ crystals

a)

Large

b)

Small

c)

Red

d)

Hexagonal

12.

______________ is the least reliable clue of a minerals identity because trace elements could throw off its identity.

a)

Streak

b)

Color

c)

Cleavage

d)

Hardness

13.

Talc is the softest mineral on Mohs Hardness Scale.

a)

True

b)

False

14.

The size of crystals in Igneous Rocks depends upon

a)

pressure

b)

the presence of air

c)

the presence of water

d)

cooling rate

15.

Coarse-grained intrusive igneous rocks result when

a)

Sedimentary rocks are cemented and compacted.

b)

magma cools quickly

c)

magma cools slowly

d)

lava cools quickly

16.

Which characteristics could help you identify an igneous rock as cooling on the surface?

a)

Vesicles (air bubbles) and large crystals

b)

Vesicles (air bubbles) and very small or no crystals

c)

Large crystals and multi-colored

d)

Being dark or light in color and having layers

17.

The most common INTRUSIVE igneous rock is

a)

granite

b)

gabbro

c)

rhyolite

d)

sandstone

18.

Mafic rocks are

a)

light in color due to high silica content

b)

coarse-grained

c)

dark in color due to their high iron and magnesium content

d)

fine grained

19.

All igneous rocks are formed from

a)

cementing and compacting of rocks

b)

heat and pressure within the Earth

c)

the remains of ancient organisms

d)

magma and lava

20.

Which particles will be transported by a stream moving at a velocity of 5 cm/s?

a)

pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, only

b)

sand, silt, and clay, only

c)

silt and clay, only

d)

clay, only

21.

Which two locations have the greatest stream velocities?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

D and A

22.

At which two locations would the stream most likely be the deepest?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

D and A

23.

At which point does the greatest stream erosion occur?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

24.

What is the name of the largest sediment that can be transported by a stream moving at a velocity of 100 centimeters per second (cm/s)?

a)

silt

b)

sand

c)

pebbles

d)

cobbles

25.

The block diagrams show two landscape regions labeled A and B. What is the most probable cause of the difference in surface features between A and B?

a)

A is the result of a humid climate, while B is the result of a dry climate.

b)

A is at a high elevation, while B is located at sea level.

c)

A is a plateau region, while B is a mountainous region.

d)

A is composed of igneous bedrock, while B is composed of sedimentary bedrock.

26.

The block diagrams, labeled A, B, and C, show the relative elevation and rock structure of three different landscape regions. Which set correctly identifies the landscape region shown in each block diagram?

a)

A—mountain, B—plateau, C—plain

b)

A—mountain, B—plain, C—plateau

c)

A—plateau, B—mountain, C—plain

d)

A—plateau, B—plain, C—mountain

27.

The generalized landscape regions of New York State are classified according to

a)

bedrock structure and elevation

b)

bedrock type and index fossils

c)

latitude and longitude

d)

climate and topography

28.

The diagram represents a stream valley. Which diagram below best shows how this valley might be modified after a glacier has moved through it?

a)
b)
c)
d)
29.

Till deposited in a moraine of a glacier is best described as

a)

sorted according to particle size

b)

sorted according to particle shape

c)

sorted according to particle texture

d)

unsorted

30.

_____ are parallel scratch marks on bedrock

a)

Plucking

b)

Abrasion

c)

Striations

d)

Till

31.

What type of glacier covers huge areas of land?

a)

alpine

b)

continental

c)

till

d)

moraine

32.

What type of glacier forms in a mountainous area?

a)

alpine

b)

continental

c)

till

d)

moraine

33.

An area on Earth's surface where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquake can be detected.

a)

fault zone

b)

focus

c)

shadow zone

d)

seismic gap

34.
P Waves can move through which of the following?
a)
Gas
b)
Liquid
c)
Solid
d)
All of these
35.
S Waves can move through which of the following?
a)
Gas
b)
Liquid
c)
Solid
d)
All of these
36.

Earthquakes most often occur

a)

in the middle of plates

b)

near plate boundaries

c)

where thunderstorms are

d)

along the coast

37.

The location on the Earth's surface where an earthquake occurs is referred to as

a)

tsunami

b)

focus

c)

epicenter

d)

subduction

38.

Only P-waves were recorded at seismic station C because P-waves travel

a)

only through Earth’s interior, and S-waves travel only on Earth’s surface

b)

fast enough to penetrate the core, and S-waves travel too slowly

c)

through iron and nickel, while S-waves cannot

d)

through liquids, while S-waves cannot

39.
Which layer of Earth is characterized by rock that is plastic, or soft enough to flow?
a)
asthenosphere
b)
crust
c)
lithosphere
d)
inner core
40.
The solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
a)
Lithosphere
b)
Mesosphere
c)
Mantle
d)
Crust
41.

True or False: The curst is the Earth's only solid layer

a)

True

b)

False

42.

True or False: The asthenosphere is the thinnest layer

a)

True

b)

False

43.

True or False: There is no relationship between plate tectonics and volcanoes

a)

True

b)

False

44.

The type of tectonic plate boundary involving a collision between two tectonic plates is

a)

Divergent

b)

Convergent

c)

Transform

d)

Normal

45.
The OLDEST seafloor is located? 
a)
Closest to the mid-ocean ridge
b)
Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
46.

___________ help explain why Earth is not getting any larger even though the tectonic plates are always moving.

a)

earthquakes

b)

subduction zones

c)

fossils

d)

volcanoes

47.

The OLDEST seafloor is located?

a)

Closest to the mid-ocean ridge

b)

Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge

48.

True or False : Sea-floor Spreading adds new material to the ocean floor?

a)

True

b)

False

49.

What is one piece of evidence of seafloor spreading?

a)

age of the rocks

b)

old rock pushes new rock to the side

c)

scientist can use sonar

d)

subduction

50.

At the Mid-Ocean Ridge and active volcanoes you can find:

a)

fault lines

b)

earthquakes

c)

older crust

d)

newest crust

51.
What causes the crust to move?
a)
convection
b)
conduction
c)
tension
d)
radiation
52.
Why were magnetic patterns found on the ocean floor puzzling?
a)
They showed alternating bands of normal and reversed polarity.
b)
No rocks were magnetic.
c)
They did not show alternating bands of normal and reversed polarity.
d)
All rocks were magnetic.
53.
What evidence helps scientists show how sea floor spreading occurs?
a)
Ocean Floor Material
b)
Magnetic Stripes
c)
Drilling Samples
d)
All of the Above
54.
The layer of the atmosphere that is nearest the Earth's surface.
a)
Thermosphere
b)
Mesosphere
c)
Troposphere
d)
Stratosphere
55.
All weather occurs in the ___________
a)
Thermosphere
b)
Troposphere
c)
Mesosphere
d)
Stratosphere
56.
Name the "minor layer" that separates  the troposphere from the stratosphere
a)
Tropopause
b)
Stratopause
c)
Mesopause
d)
Thermopause
57.
On which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone  concentrated?
a)
Troposphere
b)
Stratosphere
c)
Mesosphere
d)
Thermosphere
58.
As the altitude increases in the Troposphere, the temperature ________________
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
59.
As the altitude increases the air pressure _______
a)
increases
b)
decreases
60.

The temperature at which water condenses is referred to as the

a)

relative humidity

b)

dewpoint

c)

50% humidity

d)

freezing point

61.

The diagram below shows dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature readings for a parcel of air. What is the dewpoint of the air?

a)

27°C

b)

10°C

c)

3°C

d)

–5°C

62.

What is the relative humidity when the dry-bulb temperature is 16°C and the wet-bulb temperature is 14°C?

a)

90%

b)

80%

c)

14%

d)

13%

63.

The diagram below represents the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures on a sling psychrometer. What was the relative humidity of the air when these temperatures were recorded?

a)

5%

b)

17%

c)

20%

d)

63%

64.

What is the relative humidity if the dry-bulb temperature is 16°C and the wet-bulb temperature is 10°C?

a)

4%

b)

37%

c)

45%

d)

16%

65.

Isolines that connect like temperature are called ...

a)

contours

b)

isolines

c)

isotherms

d)

isobars

66.
Lines that connect points of equal pressure are called?
a)
Isobars
b)
Isolines
c)
Isotherms
d)
Contour lines
67.

Isolines Isolines connect points of (unequal, equal) value

a)

unequal

b)

equal

68.

ESRT page 1 – Gradient equation =

a)

distance/change in field value

b)

change in field value/distance

69.

The diagram below is a contour map. Between which two points is the slope of the hill steepest?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

A and D

70.

What is a possible elevation for point C?

a)

300 ft

b)

50 ft

c)

325 ft

d)

250 ft

71.

What is the elevation at point A?

a)

500 ft

b)

50 ft

c)

100 ft

d)

250 ft

72.

Phase change going from Liquid to Solid...

a)

Melting

b)

Freezing

c)

Condensation

d)

Sublimation

73.

Phase change going from a Gas to a Liquid...

a)

Sublimation

b)

Deposition

c)

Ionization

d)

Condensation

74.

Phase change going from a Liquid to a Gas...

a)

Vaporization

b)

Deposition

c)

Condensation

d)

Melting

75.

Phase change going from a Solid to a Gas...

a)

Deposition

b)

Sublimation

c)

Condensation

d)

Recombination

76.

Phase change going from a Solid to a Gas...

a)

Deposition

b)

Sublimation

c)

Condensation

d)

Recombination

77.

Phase change going from a Solid to a Liquid...

a)

Freezing

b)

Condensation

c)

Melting

d)

Sublimation

78.

Phase change going from a Gas to a Solid...

a)

Deposition

b)

Sublimation

c)

Condensation

d)

Vaporization

79.

Which path shows the apparent motion of the Sun on the first day of summer in New York State?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

80.

On which date in New York State does the Sun follow the apparent path shown in the diagram?

a)

Jun 21

b)

Dec 21

c)

Jan 21

d)

Mar 21

81.

During which season in the Northern Hemisphere is Earth closest to the Sun?

a)

winter

b)

spring

c)

summer

d)

fall

82.

Using the following diagram, at which position is Earth located on December 21?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

83.

At which position is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing the Vernal Equinox?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

84.

On which day is the altitude of the noon Sun at its highest position in New York State?

a)

Winter Solstice

b)

Vernal Equinox

c)

Summer Solstice

d)

Autumnal Equinox

85.

At which location are direct sun rays striking Earth in the following diagram?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

86.

Which degree of latitude receives the greatest intensity of insolation on December 21?

a)

0 °

b)

23.5 °N

c)

23.5 °S

d)

90 °S

87.

At which degree of latitude are perpendicular sun rays striking Earth in the diagram?

a)

Equator

b)

Tropic of Cancer

c)

North Pole

d)

Tropic of Capricorn

88.

Which mineral cleaves in four directions and consists of calcium and fluorine?

a)

pyroxene

b)

calcite

c)

dolomite

d)

fluorite

89.
Marble is formed from what sedimentary rock?
a)
limestone
b)
granite
c)
shale
d)
conglomerate
90.
Granite forms what type of metamorphic rock?
a)
slate
b)
marble
c)
gneiss
d)
quartzite
91.

What type of rock is this?

a)

Amphibole schists

b)

Mica Schists

c)

Gneiss

d)

Granit

92.

California is in Pacific time zone and Boston is in Eastern time zone. If it is 10:00 A.M. in Boston, what time is it in California?

a)

1:00 P.M.

b)

7:00 A.M.

c)

12:00 P.M.

d)

11:00 A.M.

93.

If it is 5:00 pm in Miami, Florida (Eastern), what time is it in Denver, Colorado (Mountain)?

a)

3:00pm

b)

8:00pm

c)

4:00pm

d)

6:00am

94.

If it is 9 PM in Florida, what time is it in California?

a)

12 midnight

b)

6 PM

c)

9 PM

d)

5 PM

95.

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

a)

microwaves

b)

UV rays

c)

Infrared

d)

Gamma rays

96.

Which of the following has the most energy?

a)

X-rays

b)

The color green

c)

Microwaves

d)

Infrared

97.

Which of the following has the shortest wavelength?

a)

Infrared

b)

The color Indigo

c)

Infrared

d)

TV

98.

Which of the following has the least amount of energy?

a)

UV rays

b)

The color yellow

c)

Radio waves

d)

Gamma rays

99.

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

a)

Gamma rays

b)

The color blue

c)

TV

d)

Infrared

100.

Which of the following has the most energy?

a)

TV

b)

Microwaves

c)

Radiowaves

d)

Infrared

101.
________is the instrument used to measure air pressure.
a)
barometer
b)
thermometer
c)
mercury
d)
watch
102.
Low pressure will usually bring what kind of weather?
a)
Sunny
b)
Calm
c)
Stormy
103.
Pressure is the effect of
a)
the weight of all the air above pressing down
b)
water vapor in the atmosphere
c)
greenhouse gases
d)
solar radiation
104.
High pressure will usually bring what kind of weather?
a)
clear and dry
b)
cloudy and wet
105.
Which kind of weather change will occur with an increase in air pressure?
a)
cooler and dryer
b)
colder and rainier
c)
hotter and stormier
d)
warmer and moister
106.
What happens to air pressure as you move upward into the atmosphere?
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
107.
Air pressure is greater _______.
a)
at the top of the mountain
b)
at the bottom of the mountain
c)
at the center of the mountain
108.

Two plates come together or collide at what boundary?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

109.

Two plates spread or move apart at what boundary?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

110.

Two plates slide past each other at what boundary?

a)

Covergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

111.

New oceanic crust (sea floor) is created at this boundary.

a)

Divergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Continental

c)

Convergent Oceanic

d)

Transform

112.

Oceanic crust (sea floor) is destroyed at this boundary.

a)

Convergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Oceanic

c)

Convergent Continental-Continental

d)

Divergent Continental

113.

These are NOT plate boundary features. They are areas where hot mantle plumes push up through the lithospheric plates to create volcanic islands such as Hawaii.

a)

Hotspots

b)

Convergent Boundary

c)

Divergent Boundary

d)

Transform Boundary

114.

What is the temperature for the following station model?

a)

4 ºF

b)

76 ºF

c)

80 ºF

d)

129 ºF

115.

What is the wind direction for the following station model?

a)

north

b)

east

c)

northwest

d)

northeast

116.

What is the wind speed for the following station model?

a)

10 knots

b)

15 knots

c)

20 knots

d)

25 knots

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