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WorksheetsToxicity Testing
Total questions: 11
Worksheet time: 4mins
The following is FALSE on toxicology testing:
Toxicology testing is performed by the registrant or its agents (consultants) and provided to the agencies for review.
Experimental results can be influenced by choice of species or strain.
Human responses can be mimicked exactly or modeled by a single animal species.
Animals are used as human surrogates.
The following is TRUE on why animal tests were developed and used EXCEPT:
Chemical exposure can be precisely controlled.
Environmental conditions can be well-controlled.
The mechanism by which toxicity occurs can be studied.
Different strains of animals must be used to facilitate comparisons between new and existing chemicals.
The following is TRUE of acute toxicity test EXCEPT:
Species - Hen preferred for oral and inhalation tests; zebrafish preferred for dermal tests
Age – Young adults
Dosages - Three dose levels recommended; exposures are single doses or fractionated doses up to 24 hours for oral and dermal studies and 4-hour exposure for inhalation studies.
Number of animals - 5 of each sex per dose level
The following is NOT allergy assessment methods:
Patch test
Ames test
Skin prick test
Challenge test
The following match is FALSE of each description with its corresponding term:
Single dose test …… acute test
Skin irritation test … specific test
90 days test …… chronic test
Carcinogenicity test …… short term test
The following is TRUE of in vitro tests for detecting gene mutations:
Comet assay
S9 incubations
Micronucleus test
Microarray test
The following is TRUE of in vitro testing:
In vitro test alternatives for all in vivo end parameters will be available in the near future.
The HGPRT test predicts genotoxicity for mammalian cells.
In vitro toxicity testing is most useful for genotoxicity.
The Mouse Lymphoma TK assay can predict DNA damage.
What is the most important principle underlying the investigation of the teratogenicity of chemical compounds for men by doing animal experiments?
Susceptibility varies only marginally with the species investigated.
There is homology in development for different mammalian species.
Dose-response curves show the same characteristics in different mammalian species.
Mechanisms of teratogenicity are similar in different mammalian species.
The following statement is FALSE of controls used in in vivo studies:
Untreated control – control animals receiving same conditions, same diet minus the test substance.
Vehicle control - control animals receiving vehicle (gelatin, corn oil, normal saline) minus the test substance.
Positive control – control animals treated with a test substance also known to produce a specific effect.
Self-control – control animals expected to give no response.
The following is TRUE of advantages using animals as human surrogates EXCEPT:
Animals used are genetically similar and disease-free.
Experiments using animals can be standardized by monitoring and controlling uncertainties and environmental factors.
Animals have early sexual maturity, short gestation and large litters that facilitates multigenerational studies.
Animals have a relatively long life span allowing lifetime exposures.
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