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WorksheetsMedNeuro Summative
Total questions: 57
Worksheet time: 29mins
Neurons mostly complete during the...
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Birth
Infants with IUGR have a 15% rate of mild neurodevelopmental abnormalities characterized by ____ disabilities
Motor
Sensory
Cognitive
Language
The following are true about food variety EXCEPT
Important for pregnant woman and her child to have variety of foods
Diet with variety of foods help maintain a balanced combination of brain messenger and also keeps the mood from being skewed
It is influenced by fatty acids
Food variety will give complex combination of compound and stimulates the release of neurotransmitters
Which nutrient corresponds to D?
Protein-energy
Iron
Zinc
Copper
LC-PUFAs
Thiamine deficiency in babies causes the following EXCEPT
loss of sense of vibration
meningitis
irritable
vomit
Deficiency in vitamin ___ causes memory loss, depression, and dementia in elderlies
A
B
C
D
Group F was assigned to finish a project for MedNeuro. The due date is in 2 days, so they decided to discuss the project over zoom. Which association area is responsible for brainstorming?
Posterior association area
Limbic association area
Prefrontal association area
After doing 6 summas in the span of a week, Rozan feels very demotivated. Which part of the brain is responsible for this type of emotion?
Hippocampus
Limbic system
Cerebellum
Thalamus
When Aya watched Coco for the billionth time, she started getting emotional when the main character started singing “Remember Me” to his grandmother. Aya thinks that Coco is one of the saddest Disney movies of all time. Which sensory modalities trigger the receptor to perceive Coco as a sad movie?
Taste and Odor
Shape and Texture
Sound and Sight
Sound and Shapes
Which of the following statements is false about explicit memory
Requires the person to be unconscious
Past memories
Involves the medial temporal lobe
Also known as declarative memory
Which of the following statements is false about implicit memory
Memories that come naturally
Priming is an implicit memory effect
Also known as non-declarative memory
None of the above
Patients with lesions in different association areas cannot remember basic facts (e.g. name of color & sounds of letters)
True
False
Verrel got his first kiss when he was years old. What type of long term memory is this and which part of the brain is involved?
Explicit memory; medial temporal lobe
Autobiographical memory; prefrontal cortex
Implicit memory; amygdala
REM sleep is 75% of total sleep
True
False
What can you observe from this picture, showing the neuron following 8 days after axonal injury?
Necrosis
Central chromatolysis
Neuronophagia
Amyloidosis
What would best describe this pathological condition, represented by this brain tissue biopsy?
Alzheimer’s Disease due to accumulation of tau and misfolded beta-amyloid peptide.
Parkinson’s Disease due to accumulation of negri bodies in neuronal cells.
Spongiform encephalopathy due to gliosis.
Parkinson’s Disease due to accumulation of prions and normal MAP peptide.
Mrs Smith, a pregnant woman, delivered her baby in your clinic. the neonate shows an abnormally enlarged head and protrusion of skin containing liquor cerebrospinal with a portion of the spinal cord from undeveloped vertebrae in lumbar level. What condition best describes the baby?
The baby had meningoencephalocele and meningocele.
The baby had hydrocephalus and spina bifida occulta.
The baby had hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele.
The baby had anencephaly and meningoencephalocele.
Upon examination of brain tissue from Mr. Fox, a 25 year old male who complained of impaired motor function and slurred speech you found depigmentation of the grey matter and appearance of Lewy bodies. What disease might he have?
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer's disease
Glioblastoma
Meningitis
What condition do these two specimen suggests?
Subdural hematoma(A), epidural hematoma(B)
epidural hematoma(A), intraparenchymal hematoma(B)
glioblastoma(A), epidural hematoma(B)
epidural hematoma(A), subdural hematoma(B)
Which of these statements are correct regarding neuroregeneration?
Neurons are permanent cells, meaning it may divide and replace other neurons that have axonal injury.
Axonal lesions in CNS are repaired faster and easier than one happened in PNS.
Neurons will appear to have Lewy bodies once they experience anterograde degeneration.
Surrounding neurons may compensate for the function of the neuron that is injured by forming inter neuronal synapse connection.
What forms a bridge for a neuron to elongate its axon from proximal to distal once axonal injury has occured?
schwann’s cell
oligodendroglia
macrophages
myocytes
What is the role of macrophages in PNS’s neuroregeneration?
Phagocytose the cell bodies of neuron
Secretes IL-1 to stimulate neuron cells to produce NGF
Secretes IL-1 to stimulate schwann cells to produce NGF
Inducing chromatolysis by secreting inflammatory interleukins
What is the name of this appearance of the nerve tissue and what is the most plausible etiology?
Owl’s eye appearance due to inclusion bodies in neuron
Onion bulb appearance due to sequential episodes of demyelination and remyelination
Lewy bodies due to accumulation of alpha synuclein
Mosaic pattern due to normal innervation of muscle fibre
Upon biopsy examination of patient A's muscle tissue, you found an abnormal mosaic appearance of his muscle fibre. What is the most plausible etiology?
death of corresponding motor neurons causing domination of compensating motor neurons with many uninnervated muscle.
Accumulation of prion in the neuron of cerebral cortex
segmental demyelination of nerve fibers innervating muscle
infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Parasympathetic nervous system is dominated by functioning of adrenergic receptor
True
False
Parasympatholytic drugs inhibits those of parasympathetic nerve activity. They are in nature..
muscarinic agonist
muscarinic antagonist
cholinergic antagonist
cholinergic agonist
What is the mechanism of botulinum toxin effects in the PNS?
stimulation of neurotransmitters, increasing sympathetic nerve activity
Inhibition of transmitter synthesis, increasing sympathetic nerve activity
Inhibition of transmitter storage, decreasing parasympathetic nerve activity.
Inhibition of transmitter release, decreasing parasympathetic nerve activity.
Mrs Johnson, 25 years old expecting pregnant women come to the clinic complaining of high blood pressure and tachycardia. To prevent her having preeclampsia and heart complication, what would you prescribe and why?
labetalol, because it is an alpha and beta receptor antagonist
epinephrine, because it is beta receptor agonist
atropine, because it is an m2 receptor antagonist
betanechol, because it is a muscarinic receptor antagonist
Intoxication of cholinergic substance muscarine may happen days or weeks after consumption
True
False
a 5 year old was playing with baygon and came to the ER with tremmor, diarrhoea, vomiting, bronchoconstriction, red eyes with miosis. What is the mechanism of carbamate insecticides?
suppression of parasympathetic nerve activity
inhibit cholinesterase enzyme
inhibit secretion of acetylcholine
increase parasympathetic nerve activity
what is the mechanism of atropine intoxication ?
suppression of parasympathetic nerve activity
inhibit cholinesterase enzyme
inhibit secretion of acetylcholine
increase parasympathetic nerve activity
_______ is an indirect acting drug that inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine from synaptic cleft, strengthening and enhancing the sympathetic effect
amphetamine
cocaine
ephedrine
entacapone
epinephrine
what is the therapeutic use of adrenergic antagonists EXCEPT?
to treat hypertension
to treat anaphylactic shock
to treat diabetes
as a nasal decongestant
What is the most common type of primary CNS tumor ?
glioma
neuroblastoma
meningioma
ependymoma
one of the characteristics of meningioma is that it can cause hyperostosis (true)
True
False
which type of CNS neoplasm is most frequently found in the cauda equina of the spinal cord?
glioma
astrocytoma
meningioma
ependymoma
Traumatic neuroma is the reactive proliferation of schwann cells and fibroblast which is categorised as a neoplasm
True
False
Ependymoma is a type of CNA neoplasm derived from astrocyte cells in the brain.
True
False
Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by blockage of artery in the brain caused by ruptured atherosclerotic plaque
True
False
the most common form of cerebral aneurysm is
fusiform aneurysm
saccular aneurysm
berry aneurysm
artery-vein malformation
hemorrhagic aneurysm
Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by ruptured intracranial blood vessels
True
False
Which blood vessel connects the internal carotid artery with the posterior cerebral artery?
posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
circle of willis
anterior communicating artery
basilar artery
lesions or malformations of the intracranial blood vessels are a risk factor for hemoragic stroke
True
False
Which one is not the advantages of the ultrasound?
Reveals morphology of atheromatous plaques
Non-invasive and low cost
Operator dependent
Quantities blood velocity
Which one is true about CT Scan
In CT scan blood is hypodense
In CT scan HU for water is 1
In CT scan calcium is hyperdense
In CT scan air is Hyperdense
Ischemic stroke recognize as hypodense, whereas hemorrhage stroke will be recognize as hyperdense in CT scan
True
False
Pick the right answer!
Ultrasound use ionizing radiation
MRI is iodine based
Gadolinium is paramagnetic metal that hastens T1 relaxation of nearby water protons
In T1 the CSF is hypodense
Constriction of pupil by means of pupillary light reflex is associated with
Sympathetic Pathway
Parasympathetic Pathway
Both
What will happen to the Horner’s Syndrome patient when cocaine applied to their eyes?
Pupil will easily dilate
Pupil will poorly dilate
Pupil will easily constrict
Pupil will poorly constrict
In topical cocaine test, the drug will
enhance adrenergic function
inhibit adrenergic function
enhance chollinergic function
inhibit chollinergic function
What will happen in apraclonidine test
Produce mydriasis in both normal and effected eyes
The miotic pupil on the horner side will constricts and become smaller than the normal side
The miotic pupil on the horner side will dilate and become larger than the normal side
Produce mydriasis only on effected eye
Does a patient with horner’s syndrome could still have the normal pupilary syndrome?
Yes, because pupilary reflex depends on the sympathetic pathway
Yes, because horner’s syndrome only effect the sympathetic pathway
No, because horner syndrome damage both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathway
Yes, because horner’s syndrome only effect parasympathetic pathway
The best radiological modality to evaluate cerebral neurodegenerative disease is:
CT Scan brain with contrast
Cerebral Angiography
MRI brain without contrast
CT Scan brain without contrast
MRI brain with contrast
Alzheimer disease patient can suffer from anterograde amnesia. Which means:
His past memory is intact, but his recent memory is lost
He cannot recognize his family
He cannot remember everything in the past
He lost his personal identity
He still remember his childhood memory but unable to lear something new
Which part of the brain store explicit memory for long term period?
Striatum
Cerebellum
Neocortex
Amygdala
Thalamus
A patient was established with diagnosis of alzheimer’s dementia, the early sign that could be seen in the brain MRI includes:
Hippocampal Atrophy
Temporoparietal Athropy
Global Atrophy
Entorhinal cortex atrophy
In dementia, the last type of memory that impaired is
All type of memory is intact
Long term memory
Working memory
All type of memory affected simultaneously
Short term period
