-slowly adapting

-epidermal edge

-small receptive fields

-best stimulus: pressure, edges, points, corners, and curves

-function: texture and shape perception

-rapid adapting

-dermal papillae

-small receptive field

-stimulus: low frequency vibration and skin motion

-function: skin motion and detection of slippage

-slow adapting

-deep dermis

-large receptive field

-stimulus: stretch and strain of skin

-function: detect motion and skin shape changes

-rapid adapting

-dermis

-large receptive field

-stimulus: high frequency vibration

-function: detection of sensations created by vibration

sense of body's orientation in space, relies on two different sets of receptors in the musculoskeletal system: muscle spindle and golgi tendon

divisions of the spinal cord and trigeminal nerve that map to specific areas of the body, they are not perfectly discrete, some overlapping on edges

tactile and proprioceptive receptors on the skin to dorsal root ganglion, up the dorsal columns, decussates at medial lemniscus, travels to VPL thalamus, perceived in sensory cortex

multiple tracts that deliver information about nociception and temperature, has less detailed info about pressure and touch

conveys nociceptive and thermal inputs

transmits inputs related to crude touch and deep pressure

when both touch and pain receptors are stimulated, the interneuron will activate and suppress the ALS neuron for mild pain

tactile info from all 3 branches to primary CN 10 nucleus, proprioception from mandibular branch to mesencephalic nucleus, pain and temp through spinal nucleus, all end in VPM before going to sensory cortex

located in the post-central gyrus of parietal lobe, somatotopically organized to handle contralateral sensation, receives pre-organized info from VPM and VPL, separate areas for slow-adaption and rapidly adapting neuron info, contains multiple brodmann's areas (1,2,3a,3b)

passes experience to medial temporal areas (hippocampus), activated during touch and manipulation to recognize items

passes information to frontal lobe

normal behavior, enrichment, maladaptive experiences, injury, and disease are shown to cause changes in structure and function

compare cortical area before and after some type of experience or condition has been applied

-loss of input causes brain to reorganize, over time adjacent areas will begin to take over spaces left unused, similar changes are seen in the thalamus as well

normal experience of the connected fingers was always synchronized in time, s1 cortex came to represent the two fingers as a single finger

rate of length change and static length

force and load