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WorksheetsPH518 Pharmacology (Hafez)
Total questions: 38
Worksheet time: 39mins
(a) is a bone disorder characterized by progressive loss of bone mass and skeletal fragility. It is most pronounced in postmenopausal women.
The purpose of bone remodeling is to:
Break down bone
Create osteocytes
Remove and replace damaged bone
Activate osteoclasts
The cells responsible for the breakdown of bone, also known as bone resorption, are called:
(a)
The cells responsible for a process called ossification or new bone formation are called:
(a)
Which drug class inhibits osteoclastic activity and promote osteoclasts apoptosis by depositing in bones with high concentrations and entering the osteoclasts through endocytosis?
Bisphosphonates
SERMs
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin hormone
Which of the following is true about bisphosphonates?
Food and other medications interfere with absorption
Eliminated primarily via kidney
Absorption after oral administration is poor
All of the above
What is an adverse effect caused by bisphosphonates?
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, musculoskeletal pain
Esophageal irritation and ulcers
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
All of the above
Which drug can cause a drug-interaction if co-administered with bisphosphonates?
Calcium
Aspirin
Antacids
All of the above
Which of the following is a function of estrogen?
Promote bone formation
Inhibit bone resorption
Promote apoptosis of osteoclasts
All of the above
Estrogen replacement is no longer recommended as primary preventive therapy for osteoporosis. It increases the risk of ___________ when used without progestin in a women with an intact uterus.
pregnancy
hot flashes
osteopenia
endometrial cancer
Raloxifene is a SERM that increases bone density without increasing the risk of endometrial cancer.
True
False
Raloxifene:
promotes bone formation
prevent menopausal bone problems
prevent breast and uterine cancer due to its MOA
all of the above
What Black Box Warning is associated with raloxifene?
Risk of endometrial cancer
Risk of breast cancer
Risk of VTE and stroke
Risk of pulmonary disorders
A recombinant form of human parathyroid hormone and is the first approved treatment for osteoporosis that stimulates bone formation is:
Alendronate
Teriparatide
Calcitonin
Risedronate
Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to:
RANKL
RANK
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
The Black Box Warning regarding teriparatide is that there is an increase risk for:
(a)
Denosumab can increase risk for serious infection because:
The anterior pituitary gland releases:
GnRH
FSH and LH
Estrogen
Progesterone
FSH stimulates:
growth, development and maturation of ovarian follicles
estrogen secretion from follicles
ovulation
release of mature ovum
LH promotes:
growth of follicles
process of ovulation
release of mature ovum
thickening of endometrium
If no fertilized egg arrives in the uterus:
progesterone levels fall
endometrium is shed and menstruation takes place
negative feedback on FSH continues
corpus luteum continues to secrete hormones
Oral contraceptives block the release of _____ by feedback inhibition to prevent follicle maturation, ovulation and egg release, and fertilization.
GnRH
progesterone
FSH and LH
estrogen
Oral contraceptive promote:
thin lining of uterus
increase thickness of cervical mucus
decrease thickness of cervical mucus
thickening of uterus lining
Oral contraceptives are majorly metabolized by CYP3A4. Which of the following, if co-administered, may increase plasma hormone concentrations?
Grapefruit juice
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Barbiturates
What is the Black Box Warning associated with oral contraceptives?
What are some of the roles of estrogen?
Body temperature and changes in puberty
Fat distribution in female's body and cholesterol lowering effect
Preserving bone density
Vaginal and uterus maturation
All of the above
Hot flashes during menopause occurs to:
increase in estrogen levels
decrease in estrogen levels
increase in progesterone
decrease in progesterone
Acetylcholine (Ach) causes the bladder muscles (detrusor smooth muscle) to (a) when it binds to receptors, leading to urge of urination.
Mirabegron is a ______ that causes relaxation of the detrusor muscle, preventing the urge for urination.
B3 agonist
B3 antagonist
M2 agonist
M3 antagonist
Mirabegron is a CYP2D6 inhibitor. Which of the following drugs is metabolized by CYP2D6 and will increase in plasma concentration if co-administered with mirabegron?
Acetaminophen
Metoprolol
Ibuprofen
Desipramine
Which of the following is a selective a-1 antagonist with minimal cardiovascular effect and less risk of dizziness and postural hypotension?
Silodosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin
Terazosin
The alpha-1B receptor subtype is predominant in _____, whereas alpha-1A is predominant in ____.
Which 3 drugs are non-selective alpha 1 blockers used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia?
What is the mechanism of action of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors ?
The first 5a-reductase inhibitor approved in US for treatment of BPH:
alfuzosin
dutasteride
finasteride
tamsulosin
Sildenafil is used to treat erectile dysfunction. It works by inhibiting _____ and preventing the breakdown of cGMP.
PDE4
PDE5
PG2
GTP
Sildenafil (Viagra) should be taken with a high fat meal for better absorption.
TRUE
FALSE
What is an adverse effect of sildenafil?
vision and color change
platelet antiaggregatory effect
cardiovascular issues
all of the above
