WorksheetsBDS12_Revision (GIT and Renal)
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 29mins
What is the name of the hormone that inhibits the stomach from secreting gastric juice?
gastrin
pepsin
enterogastrin
cholecystokinin
One of the functions of the liver is to produce
blood cells
digestive enzymes
insulin and glucagon
glycogen from glucose
Which of the following is a function of the normal flora of the large intestine?
To hydrolyse cellulose
To synthesise blood clotting proteins
To synthesise B vitamins and vitamin K
To secrete intrinsic factor
During which phase are our gastric secretions stimulated by the sight and smell of food?
gastric
digestive
cephalic
intestinal
All of the following statements regarding the liver are true EXCEPT
It can convert amino acids to glucose during periods of fasting
Blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein travels away from the central vein of each lobule
It contains special phagocytic cells which remove worn-out blood cells from the circulation
It converts ammonia to urea
Which hormone is responsible for contraction of the gall bladder?
secretin
gastrin
cholecystokinin
intrinsic factor
Which digestive enzyme in pancreatic juice digests proteins?
trypsin
lipase
pepsin
amylase
Which digestive enzyme in saliva breaks down starch?
trypsin
lipase
pepsin
amylase
Which one of the following is NOT secreted in pancreatic juice?
amylase
trypsinogen
pepsinogen
lipase
Which layer absorbs the end products of digestion?
sub-mucosa
muscularis externa
serosa
mucosa
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
digestion of fats
digestion of proteins
mechanical digestion
storage of food
A function of the large intestine is to:
absorb the products of digestion
absorb water
participate in mechanical digestion
release intestinal gastrin
What is a function of the stomach?
absorb the products of digestion
participate in deglutition
participate in mechanical digestion
release cholecystokinin
Which of the following structures produce bile?
gall bladder
liver
pancreas
duodenum
What feature do procarboxypeptidase, pepsinogen, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen have in common?
they are all enzymes
hey are all produced by the pancreas
they all digest proteins
they are all inactive
Which of the following is a function of bile?
To attach to vitamin B12 to allow it to be absorbed
To activate trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase
To digest fats
To disperse large lipid globules into smaller droplets
What are the cells in the pancreas that secrete “pancreatic juice” called?
hepatocytes
Peyer’s patches
acini
islets of Langerhans
What is the purpose of the mucosal barrier between the cells of the stomach wall and the stomach contents?
It prevents the enzymes in the stomach contents from digesting the stomach
It converts pepsinogen to its active form
It prevents bacteria in the stomach from invading the stomach wall
It prevents undigested food molecules from being absorbed by the stomach lining
Why are the blood capillaries in the liver lobules so permeable?
to allow the products of digestion to leave the blood for processing in the liver
to allow fatty acids to leave the liver cells to enter the blood
to allow plasma proteins that are synthesised in the liver to enter the blood
to allow red blood cells at the end of their life to leave the blood to be recycled in the liver
Name the major cell type in a liver lobule
Kupffer cells
hepatocytes
sinusoids
epithelial cells
What is the role of gastrin in the digestive system?
to stimulate release of bile and pancreatic juice
to stimulate gastric secretion
to activate pepsinogen
to hydrolyse proteins to polypeptides
An upper endoscopy of a 50-year-old man reveals erosions and ulcerations in the proximal duodenum and an increased output of gastric acid in the fasting state.
The patient is most likely to have a tumor secreting which of the following hormones?
Secretin
Somatostatin
Gastrin
Cholecystokinin
A 60-year-old woman undergoes total pancreatectomy because of the presence of a tumor.
Which of the following outcomes would NOT be expected after she recovers from the operation?
Steatorrhea
Hyperglycemia
Ongoing weight gain
Decreased absorption of amino acids
A child is brought to his pediatrician for an investigation of his failure to thrive. Genetic tests reveal a congenital absence of enterokinase.
A decrease in which of the following is expected in this patient?
Incidence of pancreatitis
Bile acid reabsorption
Gastric pH
Protein assimilation
An infant who displayed symptoms of acute diarrhea and dehydration was given an oral solution of glucose and electrolytes.
What membrane protein accounts for the ability of this solution to provide rapid hydration?
Chloride-bicarbonate exchanger
sodium-glucose transporter
Lactose-phlorizin hydrolase
Sucrase-isomaltase transporter
Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule in the presence of ADH
Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Descending limb of the loop of Henle
Solutes move from the blood in the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule due to which of the following influences?
osmotic pressure difference
diffusion down the concentration gradient
by active transport
hydrostatic pressure difference
Which material is actively reabsorbed from the filtrate in the kidney tubule?
Na+
HCO3−
Cl−
H2O
What molecule catalyses the formation of angiotensin I?
carbonic anhydrase
calcitriol
erythropoietin
renin
How are cortical nephrons different from juxtamedullary nephrons?
cortical nephrons lie almost entirely outside the renal medulla
cortical nephrons have an associated vasa recta
cortical nephrons have a longer tubule
there are fewer cortical nephrons
In the glomerulus, what is the method by which solutes are transferred from the blood to the Bowman’s capsule?
diffusion
active transport
secretion
filtration
How does the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond when systemic blood pressure is too high?
The juxtaglomerular cells send a message to the afferent arteriole to dilate
The macula densa sends a message to the efferent arteriole to constrict
The macula densa sends a message to the afferent arteriole to constrict
The granular cells release renin which causes systemic arterioles to constrict
What is the body’s response to a rise in blood plasma osmotic pressure?
The anterior pituitary releases ADH which makes the renal tubule permeable to water
The posterior pituitary releases ADH which makes the renal tubule permeable to water
The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases renin which promotes diuresis
The glomerular filtration rate increases so more urine is produced
What is the kidney tubule’s response to a rise in blood pH?
Bicarbonate ions are absorbed into the blood
Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate
Bicarbonate ions are secreted into the filtrate, while hydrogen ions are absorbed from the filtrate into the blood
Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate, while bicarbonate ions are absorbed from the filtrate into the blood
If the glomerular filtration rate is too high, the macula densa sends a message to the afferent arteriole. What is the effect of this message?
granular cells of arteriole walls release renin
afferent arteriole dilates
it inhibits the action of ATP and adenosine on the afferent arteriole
afferent arteriole constricts
The concentration of blood is 280 to 300 mosmol/L, but may rise to 1200 mosmol/L in which situation?
In the vasa recta of the kidney
In severe dehydration
In the peritubular capillaries of the kidney
In severe over-hydration
Which one of the following is NOT produced by the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
What part of the nephron performs the majority of the reabsorption of materials from the filtrate?
Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which hormone causes increased sodium reabsorption in the kidney?
angiotensin I
antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin
aldosterone
In the nephron, if the afferent arteriole dilates and the efferent arteriole constricts, which of the following would be TRUE?
The glomerular filtration rate would decrease
The pressure in the glomerulus will decrease
The absorption of sodium and chloride ions form the filtrate would increase
Before these events, the granular cells would have released renin
Atrial natriuretic peptide:
causes the wall of the collecting duct of the nephron to increase in permeability to water
increases sodium (Na + ) excretion at the kidneys
causes peripheral vasoconstriction
stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone
Under what conditions will the kidney produce concentrated urine?
If glomerular filtration rate is low
If glomerular filtration rate is high
If atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone are present in blood
If antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone are present in the blood
Which one of the following is a function of the renal system?
produce bile
produce the enzyme renin
produce the hormone aldosterone
produce vitamin K
If the clearance of a substance that is freely filtered is less than that of inulin,
there is net reabsorption of the substance in the tubules
there is net secretion of the substance in the tubules
the substance is neither secreted nor reabsorbed in the tubules
the substance becomes bound to protein in the tubules
What is the clearance of a substance when its concentration in the plasma is 10 mg/dL, its concentration in the urine is 100 mg/dL, and urine flow is 2 mL/min?
2 mL/min
10 mL/min
20 mL/min
200 mL/min
A 20-year-old woman's urinalysis shows a trace of protein. A defect in what cells could be causing the leakage of protein?
Mesangial cells
Bowman’s capsule cells
Macula densa
Podocytes
Dehydration increases the plasma concentration of all the following hormones EXCEPT
vasopressin
angiotensin II
aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide
The urine of runners after a race is more concentrated and has reduced volume than before the race. What mechanism contributes to the change in urine concentration and output?
Decrease in thirst response
Increase in water permeability in the collecting duct
Decrease in ADH secretion
Increase in thirst during the race
Just prior to a presentation, a student begins to hyperventilate, causing an immediate increase in blood pH. Why did the increase in blood pH occur?
Hyperventilation activates neural mechanisms that remove acid from the blood
Hyperventilation increases the PO2 of the blood
Hyperventilation decreases the PCO2 in the alveoli
The increased muscle work of increased breathing generates more CO2
A 1-month-old boy is brought to the pediatric emergency department with persistent vomiting. What would the physician expect the baby’s acid–base balance to be?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
