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WorksheetsHeredity Unit Test
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 32mins
In a cell, gene mutations affect:
a production of nucleic acids.
the production of lipids.
the production of carbohydrates.
the production of proteins.
Certain antibiotics are no longer effective against the bacteria that they used to kill. How might this be explained?
The number of bacteria is now greater than the antibiotic can kill.
The antibiotic has become weaker over time.
Bacteria that were resistant to the antibiotic survived to reproduce.
Changes in the environment made the antibiotic ineffective.
Overtime, an organism's behavior evolves to fit its environment. This process is called:
modification
adaptation
primal instinct
inherited behavior
A scientist studying the effects of radiation on DNA performs an experiment in which she exposes a sequence of nitrogen bases found in DNA to radiation. The DNA before and after the radiation is shown below. Use the evidence to determine whether a mutation has occurred, and if so, interpret that mutation. Before Exposure: ATCGTCA; After Exposure: ATTCGTCAA.
No mutation has occurred to the DNA sequence.
A nitrogen base has been deleted from the DNA molecule.
A nitrogen base has replaced another nitrogen base in the DNA molecule.
A nitrogen base has been added to the DNA molecule.
A gene mutation occurs that causes an organism to produce more of an enzyme that helps repair damaged cells. Predict how this will impact the organism.
The organism will not be able to repair cells.
The organism will take less time to repair cells.
The organism will use less energy to repair cells.
The organism will use more energy to repair cells.
In order for a gene mutation to be passed down to offspring, in what type of cell must it occur?
It must occur in a muscle cell.
It must occur in a blood cell.
It must occur in a uterine cell.
It must occur in a gamete.
In some organisms, the appendix is an important structure for digestion. In humans, however, the appendix plays no role in digestion. This loss of function is most likely the result of one or more mutations over time. Analyze the impact of this mutation on the organism.
The mutation is most likely beneficial.
The mutation is most likely harmful.
The mutation is most likely neutral.
The mutation is not passed down from parent to offspring.
What criteria can you use to determine whether a mutation positively impacts an organism?
The mutation increases the organism's chance for survival and reproduction.
The mutation decreases the organism's chance for survival and reproduction.
The mutation has no effect on the organism's chance for survival and reproduction.
The mutation will most likely not be passed down to offspring.
A mutation occurs to a gene in a body cell that results in tumors growing along a person's nerves or under the skin. They increase the chances of the person having learning disabilities. Analyze the impact of this mutation on the organism.
The mutation is beneficial.
The mutation is harmful.
The mutation is neutral.
The mutation will be passed down to the person's offspring.
DNA consists of:
two backbones made of alternating sugar and nitrogen base molecules, with phosphate molecules joining both backbones.
a single backbone made of alternating sugar and nitrogen bases, with phosphate molecules branching off the sugar molecules.
a single backbone made of alternating sugar and nitrogen bases, with nitrogen molecules branching off the sugar molecules.
two backbones made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules, with nitrogen bases joining both backbones.
The snowshoe hare has the ability to change its coat color. It is brown during the spring, summer, and early fall but changes to white as winter approaches. What adaptation does the snowshoe hare have that allows it to hide from predators?
symbiosis
commensalism
camouflage
mutation
A mutation occurs that results in one protein's amino acid being substituted by a different amino acid. What part of a DNA molecule was affected by this mutation?
a nitrogen base pair
sugar molecule
phosphate molecule
a sugar molecule, phosphate molecule, and a nitrogen base pair
Which organism supports the the organisms by making food from the nonliving components in the ecosystem?
mice
grass
snake
eagle
Scientists change genes of a tomato plant to produce a protein that is a natural pesticide. Justify why this is classified as a positive mutation.
This demonstrates that scientists are able to manipulate an organism's genes.
The plant will develop a symbiotic relationship with insects.
The plant will be resistant to insects, increasing it chances of survival.
This may cause a decease in the genetic diversity of the tomato plant.
Genes are located in which part of the cell?
the nucleus
the cyctoplasm
the cell membrane
the ribosomes
The hydra is an animal that lives in freshwater streams and ponds. It reproduces by producing eggs and also by budding, a form of asexual reproduction. What advantage does budding give hydra?
Hydra can reproduce through meiosis.
Hydra can reproduce without the need for a mate.
Budding takes more time than sexual reproduction.
Budding increases genetic diversity among hydra.
A walking stick is an insect that looks like a twig. How does this adaptation help the walking stick to survive?
It is small so it needs to eat less food.
It is able to stay cooler.
It is able to run after prey faster in the trees.
Its appearance makes it difficult for predators to see it.
Suppose a particular predator in an area eats rabbits. If hunters kill off all of those predators, the rabbit population will increase, resulting in more __________ among the rabbits for food and space.
competition
extinction
symbiosis
cooperation
.
What criteria can you use to determine whether a mutation negatively impacts an organism?
The mutation increases the organism's chance for survival and reproduction.
The mutation decreases the organism's chance for survival and reproduction.
The mutation has no effect on the organism's chance for survival and reproduction.
The mutation will most likely be passed down to offspring
Odors that repel, spines, poisonous chemicals, and thorns are all considered __________.
adaptations that enhance survival
traits that oppose natural selection
characteristics associated only with fossils
only physical appearances
The front leg of a cat, the front flipper of a dolphin, and the wing of a bat have the same structure and order of bones. These structures do not look alike and are not used in the same way, but their bones are similar. What might scientists say about the cat, dolphin, and bat based on this evidence?
They may share a common ancestor.
They all live in an aquatic environment.
They have completely different ancestors.
They all have the ability to fly.
Students develop a model of DNA for their class project. Identify which rule they should follow in building their model.
Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.
Adenine pairs with guanine, and cytosine pairs with thymine.
Adenine pairs with cytosine, and thymine pairs with guanine.
Adenine pairs with either guanine, cytosine, or thymine.
In a particular breed of cattle, the trait of not having horns (Pp) is dominant over having horns (pp). The Punnett square below shows a cross between parents with Pp and pp genotype.
What percentage of offspring will be without horns?
0%
25%
50%
75%
A test cross is performed on a purple flower with an unknown genotype. The results of the cross are 50% purple and 50% white flowers. White flowers are a recessive trait. What is the genotype of the original purple flower?
PP
Pp
pp
either PP or Pp
In a certain variety of plants, red flowers appear in majority of plants and blue flowers appear only in a few plants. Which statement correctly describes the two traits?
Both flower colors are dominant traits.
Both flower colors are recessive traits.
Red is a dominant trait and blue is a recessive trait.
Red is a recessive trait and blue is a dominant trait.
.
From a cross between a short haired guinea pig (hh) and a long haired guinea pig (Hh), what would be the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
100% will have long hair.
75% will have long hair; 25% will have short hair.
50% will have long hair; 50% will have short hair.
25% will have long hair; 75% will have short hair.
Information about dairy products, lactose, and lactase are listed in the table shown. Based on this information, which hypothesis best predicts how a change
to the gene could affect people who do not produce enough lactase?
A change that causes the gene to increase the amount of lactase it produces will increase a person’s ability to break down lactose.
A change that causes the gene to decrease the amount of lactase it produces will positively affect a person’s body.
A change that causes the gene to increase the amount of lactase it produces
will allow a person to consume large amounts of minerals.
A change that causes the gene to decrease the amount of lactase it produces
will allow a person to digest more protein.
A partial food web shows the movement of matter and energy in a land ecosystem. Deer need producers and oxygen to provide energy and matter for their cells. What is the primary source of oxygen for the deer in this ecosystem?
The oxygen is a product of photosynthesis by the insects.
The oxygen is a product of photosynthesis by the grasses.
The oxygen is a product of cellular respiration by the cougar.
The oxygen is a product of cellular respiration by the grasses.
White-tailed deer are mammals. Mammals have a reproductive strategy that is not found in all animals.
Which two statements provide a cause and effect of the reproductive strategy of white-tailed deer that helps them survive?
It requires two parents.
It requires only one parent.
It causes very fast growth and development.
It produces genetic variation within a population.
It results in individuals being identical to one parent.
The photograph shows a two-toed sloth. These slow-moving organisms cannot outrun or outclimb predators, so they spend most of their time hanging from branches in trees. The sloths eat the leaves and flowers from these trees. Two-toed sloths often have a greenish tint on their fur because algae grow on their bodies. Which of these is the most likely reason the algae are able to help two-toed sloths survive?
by allowing the sloths to blend in with the trees to hide from predators
by providing sloths with easy access to another food source
by making sloths more attractive to other sloths to encourage mating
by helping to keep the body temperatures of sloths cooler during hot weather
In a type of bean plant, the trait for yellow pods (B) is dominant to the trait for green pods (b). A plant that is heterozygous for yellow pods is crossed with a plant that has green pods. An incomplete Punnett square of the cross is shown. Which statement correctly describes the probability that offspring of this cross will display certain traits?
75% yellow pods and 25% green pods
50% yellow pods and 50% green pods
100% yellow pods
100% green pods
Almonds are edible seeds that grow on trees. Wild almonds typically have a bitter taste caused by a chemical in the almond. If an organism eats wild almonds, a chemical reaction occurs that releases the bitter taste. However, a genetic mutation in the almond tree can occur that prevents wild almonds from producing the bitter taste. Which statement describes how this type of mutation could affect these wild almond trees?
This mutation could increase the population of wild almond trees.
This mutation could increase the life span of wild almond trees.
This mutation could decrease the size of wild almond trees.
This mutation could decrease the rate of reproduction for wild almond trees.
Students collected the seeds from a red flower and planted them. After a few months, the plants bloomed. Students saw that not all of the flowers were the same color. They collected and recorded data about the flowers. They also sketched one of the flowers. The students plan to harvest seeds from these flowers and plant them to see what color flowers will be produced. Based on the data collected, which statement is the best prediction of what the colors of the flowers will be on the new plants?
There will be more red flowers than white flowers, because the red color is
dominant over white.
There will be more white flowers than red flowers, because the white color is
dominant over red.
There will be fewer red flowers than white flowers, because the red color is a recessive trait.
There will be fewer white flowers than red flowers, because the white flower color is dominant.
There are advantages to both sexual and asexual reproduction. Which of these describes the most likely advantage of sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction results in more variation among offspring, which may help them adapt better to changing environments.
Sexual reproduction ensures that all of the parents’ genes are passed on to the next generation.
Sexual reproduction is able to produce large numbers of offspring in a short amount of time.
Sexual reproduction increases the chance that an offspring will receive a harmless mutation from its parents.
The diagram represents solar panels collecting energy from sunlight and then converting that energy to electrical energy. The electrical energy can be stored as chemical energy in batteries. Then, this chemical energy can be converted back to electrical energy to power lights and appliances. Which of these best describes a similarity between photosynthesis and the changes in energy represented by the diagram?
During photosynthesis, a plant’s leaves change solar energy into chemical
energy, and then the chemical energy is used for the plant’s life functions.
During photosynthesis, a plant’s roots absorb and store water until the plant
needs the energy stored in the water for the plant’s life functions.
During photosynthesis, a plant’s leaves change chemical energy into solar
energy, and then the solar energy is used for the plant’s life functions.
During photosynthesis, a plant’s roots absorb water and then transform the
water into chemical energy that is used for the plant’s life functions.
Which of these describes a behavioral adaptation that will increase the probability that a species will survive?
A bird has brown feathers that help it blend with the ground where its nest is located.
A giraffe has long legs that help it reach leaves growing at the tops of acacia trees.
A moth has large dark spots on its wings that resemble eyes and scare away
predators.
A mother bear stays with her cubs for a year and a half until they learn skills
to live on their own.
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Four haploid cells known as sex cells are created during this process. Meiosis occurs in all sexually reproducing organisms including animals, plants, and fungi. Sex cells are produced for the purpose of creating new offspring. Not all organisms reproduce sexually, but those that do experience increased genetic diversity in their populations. The parent cell in Figure 2 already contains double the amount of original genetic material. Which event must have occurred before the parent cell in Figure 2?
mitosis
DNA replication
cellular respiration
germination
During meiosis, an organelle breaks down to allow chromosomes to separate. This part then redevelops during the last phase of the cycle. Which part of the cell should be added to Figure 2 to make the diagram more accurate?
vacuole
mitochondrion
cell membrane
nucleus
In male organisms, the process shown in Figure 2 results in cells that each have a special organelle that helps the cell move. Which organelle has this function?
flagella
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Figure 2 illustrates genetic diversity between all four daughter cells, with no two being the same. Which component in the model helps account for creating this diversity?
Crossing-over
Parent Cell
Homologous pair
Meiosis II
What is the atomic mass of this element?
0
17
14
21
A sodium atom can easily lose an electron. What happens to this electron?
It is converted into thermal energy.
It is destroyed.
It is transferred to an atom of a different element.
It is transferred to another sodium atom.
A molecule is
two or more substances that are mixed together.
two or more substances that are chemically bonded.
a particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element.
What is the best way to get salt out of a salt-water solution?
Pour the salt-water solution through a filter.
Boil away the water.
Use a magnet to pull out the salt particles.
Freeze the salt water solution.
Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
dust in the air
salt water
sugar water
a tossed salad.
A student was reading about the gases in air. Ozone helps protect Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays that come from the sun. Certain types of pollution created by humans have caused a hole in the ozone layer. This hole is over the South Pole and could become larger if this type of pollution increases.
Which question should the student ask to determine if ozone is an elemental molecule?
What is the color of the molecule?
What is the shape of the molecule?
What elements are present in the molecule?
How many atoms are present in the molecule?
The table shows the estimated percent concentrations of atmospheric gases. Trace gases are composed of small amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. Which of these will most likely increase the amount of a trace gas in the
atmosphere?
A pine cone releases the protected seeds inside after it is exposed to intense
heat.
A hydroelectric dam increases the amount of water processed into energy
after a flood.
A company refining uranium ore is powered by natural gas.
A bacterium releases oxygen gas during photosynthesis.
Which statement correctly describes how matter is conserved in a Chemical Reaction?
There are three oxygen atoms in the reactants for every three oxygen atoms in the products.
There is one hydrogen atom in the reactants for every two hydrogen atoms in the products.
There is one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom in the reactants for every
three carbon atoms and three hydrogen atoms in the products.
There are two carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms in the reactants for every
three carbon atoms and three oxygen atoms in the products.
Coal is mostly carbon. When coal is burned, it reacts with oxygen. The carbon dioxide produced is released into the atmosphere. The chemical reaction for coal burning is shown.
C + O2 → CO2
Based on the model shown, which statement correctly describes what
may happen to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide becomes solid and falls to the ground.
Carbon dioxide burns in the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is used by plants in photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide is breathed in by animals and humans.
Several students were studying five compounds. They wanted to see if the compounds would conduct electricity when dissolved in water. A small sample of each compound was placed in a beaker, and 100 mL of pure water was added. Each sample dissolved in the water. A conductivity tester was placed in each beaker. A glowing green bulb meant the sample was a conductor. A glowing red bulb meant the sample was not a conductor. Using the data table and a periodic table, which three of these
compounds are most likely to be conductors of electricity?
NaCl
K2SO4
C12H24O12
C2H5OH
Sr(NO3)2
Students make lists of characteristics that describe an isotope of carbon (C). Which list is correct?
It is a pure substance.
All the atoms have the same number of protons.
All the atoms have the same properties.
It is a pure substance.
All the atoms have different numbers of protons.
All the atoms have different properties.
It is a mixture.
All the atoms have the same number of protons.
All the atoms have the same properties.
It is a mixture.
All the atoms have different numbers of protons.
All the atoms have different properties.
Students were looking at coins during lunch. One of them noticed that older pennies looked and felt different from new pennies. The students decided to investigate whether all pennies are made of the same materials. The students measured the mass and the volume of 10 pennies and then divided the mass by the volume to determine the density. The measurements were recorded in a data table. The teacher told the students that newer pennies contain copper and zinc. Copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3. Zinc has a density of 7.1 g/cm3.
Which statement is best supported by the data and information from the
teacher?
All pennies are pure copper.
All pennies have the same amount of copper since their volume is the same.
Pennies 1 through 5 are mostly copper because the mass of copper is less than
the mass of zinc.
Pennies 6 through 10 are mostly copper because their density is closer to
copper’s density.
How are the cells in multicellular organisms different from those in single celled organisms.
Cells in multicellular organisms do not have nuclei.
Cells in multicellular organisms are smaller than cells in single celled organisms.
Cell sin multicellular organisms do not move.
Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized to performs specific functions.
What function do these models serve to better understand the difference between a prokaryotic cell and an eukaryotic cell?
They help explain dehydration in the cells.
They differentiate how a nucleus appears inside the cell.
They assist in comparing the genetic information inside the cells.
They show a comparison of how the chromosomes are organized in the cells.
What information could this scientific model provide people about a prokaryotic cell?
the defining characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
the function of ribosomes and a nucleoid in the prokaryotic cells
the disease that can be caused by prokaryotic cell bacteria
the purpose of the prokaryotic cell shape and suspended cellular components
The structure labeled X is found in both amoeba and plant cells. What is the name of this structure?
vacuole
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
Students look at pictures of structures found in living organisms. Each picture represents a different level of complexity. Which sequence places the structures in order from least complex to most complex?
1-> 2-> 4-> 3
1-> 3-> 2 -> 4
2->1 -> 3 -> 4
2 -> 1 -> 4 -> 3
A student investigates the process of passive transport by the cell membrane by creating a model. The student puts a starch solution in a dialysis tubing bag. The bag is then placed in a beaker that contains an iodine solution. The dialysis tubing bag is semipermeable. The student’s observations are in the table. The student concludes that the iodine passes through the dialysis tubing material but the starch molecules cannot.
Which two statements provide evidence to support the student’s
conclusion?
The starch solution turned blue-black after the bag was placed in the beaker.
The iodine solution did not change color after the bag was placed in the
beaker.
The iodine molecules passed through the bag because they are not the same size as the starch molecules.
The starch solution did not react with the iodine solution after the bag was
placed in the beaker.
The change in color of the iodine solution was due to a student error in procedure.
Which of these statements best explains why the eggs that were soaked
in sugar-water and saltwater solutions both decreased in mass?
Because these eggs were placed in solutions that had higher concentrations of
dissolved materials than were inside the eggs, water diffused from inside the
egg into the liquid.
Because these eggs were placed in solutions that had lower concentrations of
dissolved materials than were inside the eggs, water diffused from inside the
egg into the liquid.
Because these eggs were placed in solutions that had higher concentrations of
dissolved materials than were inside the eggs, water diffused from the liquid
into the egg.
Because these eggs were placed in solutions that had lower concentrations of
dissolved materials than were inside the eggs, water diffused from the liquid
into the egg.
A person riding a bicycle wants to move the bicycle forward. She moves her legs up and down on the bicycle’s pedals. Then the rider wants to stop the bicycle. She stops pedaling and the bicycle slows. She takes one of her feet off a pedal and puts her foot on the ground to stop the bicycle and stay upright.
Which of these best identifies a pathway of systems in the rider’s body, as described in this scenario?
nervous system ->Musculoskeletal system->circulatory system -> nervous system
nervous system ->Musculoskeletal system->nervous system ->Musculoskeletal system
Musculoskeletal system -> nervous system -> circulatory system -> Musculoskeletal system
Musculoskeletal system ->circulatory system -> Musculoskeletal system-> nervous system
Damaged cells can release chemicals known as growth factors. Some of these growth factors can cause nearby cells to divide.
Which pair identifies the process used by the nearby cells to divide and the result of that process?
Process: meiosis
Result: new cells that are genetically different from the parent cell, allowing the new cells to carry out their function better than other new cells
Process: meiosis
Result: new cells that are genetically the same as the parent cell, allowing the new cells to develop and specialize into different types of cells
Process: mitosis
Result: new cells that are genetically identical, allowing them to perform the same functions as the parent cell
Process: mitosis
Result: new cells that are genetically different from the parent cell, allowing the new cells to carry out different functions
If a student were to discuss Figure 1 with a classmate, which description
would be correct?
The student says Phase 2 of Figure 1 shows prophase, with the chromosomes moving toward the far ends of the cell.
The student says Phase 3 of Figure 1 shows telophase, where the chromosomes have duplicated.
The student says Phase 4 of Figure 1 shows anaphase, where the chromosomes have lined up in the middle of the cell.
The student says the bottom part of Figure 1 shows the daughter cells, with
each having the same chromosomes as the parent cell.
During meiosis, an organelle breaks down to allow chromosomes to separate. This part then redevelops during the last phase of the cycle. Which part of the cell should be added to Figure 2 to make the diagram more accurate?
vacuole
mitochondrion
cell membrane
nucleus
