For this diagnosis the fetus needs the presence 2/3 from the following:

1. Encephalocele/ facial cleft

2. Thoraco-Abdominoschisis

3. Limb defects

THE RULE OF 2 is applied to this syndrome because it's

2x more likely to occur in males

2-3 % occurrence in the population

2 inches long

2 ft from ileocecal valve

2 years of age

2 types of ectopic tissue- gastric & pancreatic.

Sonographically it's shown as a finger like sac extending in the RLQ upward.

Occurs postnatally. It's covered by subcutaneous tissue and it's a protrusion of the umbilical cord.

A midline defect involving the thoracid cavity (ectopic cordus), abdominal wall defect (omphalocele), diaphragmatic hernia, defect in pericardium and internal cardiac defect.

Caudal regression syndrome and anal atresia. There is no bladder separation from intestine.

Wall defect anterior to body. Bladder is everted and exposed.

Chromosome 11 defect associated with macroglossia, omphalocele, & organomegally- macrosomia.

Syndrome can occur in conjunction with a rare group of co-existing disorders and tumors like : Wilms' renal tumor, Neuroblastoma adrenal tumor & Rhabdomyosarcoma tumor.

Chorion ruptures and pulls away. It's involved with fetal entanglements in amnion causing deformities & amputations. Associated with gastroschisis, omphalocele, and bladder extrophy.

Sonographically seen as a 2-4 cm defect usually on the right side with free floating bowel, sometimes stomach and rarely liver, +/1 dilated bowel.

Paraumbilical defect with organ herniation. If fetus is significantly affected. Dilation, infarction or atresia may be seen with hydronephrosis and bladder deviation.

Abdominal defect that causes an increase level of AFP due to exposed bowel.

Check to all that apply to the most common abdominal defects

Check to all that apply to the least common abdominal defects

A fetus with an Omphalocele has a high mortality rate of up to 80% if the defect does not involve the liver.

A fetus with an Omphalocele has a higher chance of survival if the liver is involved in the protrusion.

Check to all that apply to a fetal ovarian cyst

When comparing the echogenicity of bowel what anatomic landmarks should you use. Check all that apply.

Associated with T21, failure of migration of neuroblast from the neural crest to bowel segments results in a megacolon.

Bowel perforation, usually occurs proximal to obstruction. Associated with inflammation, infection and cystic fibrosis.

The rectus doesn't form property and it results in a full dilation of the colon. Associated with VACTERL.

What does VACTREL stand for.

30% is associated with Down syndrome T 21. Narrowing of the pylorus causes back up of fluid and creates the double bubble. There is an increase of AFP due to a lack of swallowing.

With a tracheoesophageal fistula, the stomach is seen due to a communication at the tracheal portion and this makes it difficult to diagnose.

Annular pancreas is an obstructive process that can cause dilatation of the stomal. This causes the fetal stomach to be.

Esophageal Atresia is associated with .

Check all that apply.

Division failure of anterior trachea and posterior esophagus to form. It's disconnected and it picks up in a fistula. This is associated with.

An Adrenal Metastatic Neuroblastoma is a complex mass with cystic components that spreads to the liver and in color doppler shows diffuse vascularity.

Syndrome associated with centrally placed organs, right isomerism of 2 right lungs due to asplenia

Left isomerism of 2 left lungs. Has partial situs inversus of liver, spleen and stomach and an absent gall bladder. It is also associated 99% with CHD.

Hemangiomas, Hamartoma, Hepatoblastoma are found in this organ.

In the second trimester you want to compare bowel echogenicity with the liver. As the gestational age increases the echogenicity should

To rule out omphalocele two arteries should be identified with bright echogenic bowel above the level of bladder.

Abdominal Circumference

Check all that apply

Characteristics that one should look for when scanning the fetal stomach are

By the 8th week, it elongates rapidly in umbilical cord and by the 11th week if it doesn't return back into the abdomen it can result into an omphalocele.

The tracheaesophagus septum divides the _________ anteriorly into trachea & lung buds and posteriorly into esophagus

Located dorsal to the heart contains the Stomach, Esophagus, part of Duodenum

Abnormal rotation to the left results in intestinal malrotation and at risk for obstruction and volvulus.

Primitive gut tube where the gastrointestinal system is derived from.

Embryonic folding into a cylindrical shape of the abdominal wall happens by the

STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM THE FOREGUT

STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM THE MIDGUT

STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM THE HINDGUT

Check all that apply:

Cloaca separates into urogenital membrane anterior and posterior anal membrane.