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WorksheetsHOMEOSTASIS & URINARY SYSTEM
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 42mins
Which of the following is a chemical factor that needs to be regulated to maintain homeostasis?
Osmotic blood pressure
Temperature
Blood pressure
Blood sugar concentration
Which system is involved in the regulation of body temperature, blood sugar levels, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and blood pressure?
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
This shows an example of
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Homeothermic species (Warm-blooded animals) can maintain their body temperature at a fixed range. Why is the regulation of body temperature important to them?
To prevent the denaturing of protein in the organism
Cell metabolism reactions occur at optimum levels
The enzymes have the highest efficiency at their optimum temperature
To kill the bacteria growing in the organism using high temperature
When body temperature rises above normal range or drops below normal range, ____________ in the hypothalamus and the skin detect the changes.
Photoreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Thermoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Which of the following describes the physical methods to lower body temperature when body temperature is above the normal range?
Erector muscles are stimulated to contract, causing the fine hair to stand erect
Arterioles in the skin dilate (Vasodilation)
Skeletal muscles contract and relax, so the body will shiver
More sweat is produced by sweat glands
Metabolic rate increases when
Body temperature is too low
Body temperature is too high
The organism requires more heat in the body
The organism does not require more heat in the body
In extreme weather, the thyroid gland is stimulated to secrete more thyroxine, which increases the metabolic rate. More heat is generated for the body. What happens at the same time?
More sweat is produced by the sweat glands
Vasoconstriction occurs
The adrenal glands are less stimulated to secrete adrenaline
Erector muscles do not constrict and the fine hair will lower towards the skin surface
More heat is generated when
Vasoconstriction
Shivering
Metabolism rate increases
Sweating
More heat is released when
Shivering
Vasodilation
Erector muscles do NOT constrict and the fine hair lower towards the skin
More secretion of adrenaline
The integumentary system is involved in the regulation of body temperature. The integumentary system includes
Sweat glands
Adrenal glands
Thyroid glands
Skin
The organ responsible for the regulation of blood sugar level is
Pancreas
Liver
Stomach
Duodenum
During vigorous activities, blood sugar level drops. In this situation, ___________ in pancreatic Langerhans cells are stimulated to secrete ______________ into the blood.
Alpha cells (α), insulin
Alpha cells (α), glucagon
Beta cells (β), insulin
Beta cells (β), glucagon
Insulin stimulates the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen to be stored in
Blood
Adipose tissue
Liver
Muscle cells
The breakdown of fat is promoted with the effect of glucagon 胰高血糖素. Why?
To release fatty acids that can be metabolised to produce energy
To release glucose that can be metabolised to produce energy
To convert fat into glucose to raise blood sugar level
To convert fat into glycogen to lower blood sugar level
Excessive glucose in the blood is converted into fat in _____________ with the effect of ______________.
Liver, insulin
Liver, glucagon
Adipose cells, insulin
Adipose cells, glucagon
Glucagon stimulates liver cells to convert ______________ into ______________
Glycogen, glucose
Glucose, glycogen
Fat, glycogen
Glucose, Fat
Breathing is an involuntary action controlled by the respiratory control centre in the
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
Cerebrum
During vigorous activity, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ____________ due to _____________
Increases, photosynthesis
Decreases, photosynthesis
Increases, cellular respiration
Decreases, cellular respiration
Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma to form carbonic acid. Then, carbonic acid is broken down into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, pH values of blood and tissue fluid that flood the brain (cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液)
increases
decreases
remains unchanged
Which receptor detects the change of pH values in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid?
(a)
The central chemoreceptor in the ________________ and the peripheral chemoreceptor in the __________________ detect the change in pH value.
hypothalamus, carotid body 颈动脉体
hypothalamus, carotid body and aortic body
medulla oblongata, carotid body and aortic body
medulla oblongata, aortic body 主动脉体
After detecting the change in pH values in blood, the chemoreceptors send nerve impulses to the
Respiration control centre in medulla oblongata
Cerebrum
Cardiovascular control centre in medulla oblongata
Blood capillaries
The cardiovascular control centre and the respiration control centre send nerve impulses to ____________ to contract and relax quickly.
Diaphragm 横膈肌
All smooth muscles 平滑肌
Intercostal muscles 内肋间肌
All skeletal muscles 骨骼肌
Cardiac muscles 心肌
More carbon dioxide is __________ because the breathing rate, heart rate and ventilation rate _________
Inhaled, increase
Expelled, increase
Inhaled, decrease
Expelled, decrease
The blood pressure regulation mechanism requires which kind of receptor?
Mechanoreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Thermoreceptor
Picture A shows the normal artery, whereas picture B shows ____________. This occurs if an individual's blood pressure ___________ normal level.
Vasoconstriction, drops below
Vasoconstriction, rises above
Vasodilation, drops below
Vasodilation, rises above
During vigorous activities, the blood pressure increases. Baroreceptors in the ___________ and carotid artery are ________ stimulated.
Aortic body, more
Aortic body, less
Aortic arch, more
Aortic arch, less
In which case the baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotic artery are less stimulated, causing the cardiovascular control centre in the medulla oblongata to be less stimulated?
When blood pressure drops
When blood pressure increases
When blood sugar level drops
When blood sugar level rises
In picture X, the blood pressure will _______. In picture Y, the resistance of the flow of blood in the bloodstream will ________.
drop, decrease
drop, increase
rise, decrease
rise, increase
During vigorous activities, the heart rate ___________ because the contraction of cardiac muscles 心肌 is ___________
Decreases, stronger
Decreases, weaker
Increases, stronger
Increases, weaker
After vigorous activity, the blood pressure begins to ________ and the contractions of cardiac muscles becomes ______.
Rise, stronger
Rise, weaker
Drop, stronger
Drop, weaker
Which of the following are the main functions of the kidney 肾脏?
Osmoregulation 渗透调节
Defaecation 排遗
Excretion 排泄
Regulation of body temperature
Name structure A of kidney
(a)
Structure B is ___________.
It carries ______________.
Renal artery, oxygenated blood
Renal artery, deoxygenated blood
Renal vein, oxygenated blood
Renal vein, deoxygenated blood
Name structure C
(a)
D: Medulla
D: Cortex
E: Medulla
E: Cortex
Name structure F
(a)
What is the name and function of structure G?
Gall bladder, excrete toxic wastes
Gall bladder, forms urine
Bladder, stores urine
Bladder, forms urine
Which toxic wastes are excreted by the kidneys?
Ammonia
Uric acid
Urea
Creatinine
Each nephron 肾单位 is made up of
Glomerulus
Renal tubule
Bowman's capsule
Collecting duct
Differences between structure H and I include
The diameter of blood capillary
The existence of erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Hydrostatic pressure
The existence of large-sized proteins
H: Afferent arteriole
H: Efferent arteriole
I: Afferent arteriole
I: Efferent arteriole
Which structure is in the medulla?
W
X
Y
Z
The glomerular filtrate does NOT include
Platelets
Amino acids
Glucose
Mineral salts
The process of fluid seeping out to the Bowman's capsule from the glomerulus is called
(a)
Reabsorption of 100% of glucose and amino acid occurs at structure
W
X
Y
Z
Water is reabsorbed into blood capillaries from the glomerulus filtrate in the renal tubule and urine in the collecting duct through
(a)
In the proximal convoluted tubule, sodium ions (Na+) are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through __________, whereas chloride ions (Cl-) are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through __________
Active transport, active transport
Active transport, passive transport
Passive transport, active transport
Passive transport, passive transport
Structure Z is the loop of Henle. What is its function?
Reabsorption
Secretion
Ultrafiltration
Secretion is the most active at the
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
The main process that has the function to excrete toxic wastes and regulate the levels of ions in the blood is
Ultrafiltration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Doing revision for biology
Choose the substances secreted into the renal tubules during secretion.
Creatinine
Potassium ions, K+
Hydrogen ions, H+
Ammonium ions, NH4+
Toxic substances
Choose the correct sequence of excreting urine
Urethra, bladder, ureter, pelvis
Collecting duct, ureter, bladder, urethra
Ureter, urethra, bladder, vagina
Collecting duct, urethra, bladder, ureter
The urine of a healthy person consists of
Glucose
Amino acid
Uric acid
Erythrocytes (Red blood cells)
Drinking too much water or consuming too little mineral salts causes the blood osmotic pressure 血渗透压 to ________ below normal range.
drop
rise
Osmoreceptors 渗透压感受器 in the hypothalamus are stimulated in which situation?
Blood osmotic pressure drops to below normal range
Drinking too much water
Consuming too little mineral salt
Loss of water due to vigorous activity
High blood osmotic pressure causes the ___________ to be stimulated, so more ADH is secreted to increase _________
Pituitary gland, reabsorption of mineral salts
Pituitary gland, reabsorption of water
Kidney, reabsorption of mineral salts
Kidney, reabsorption of water
The ________ the ADH concentrations, the _________ the permeability to water of the walls of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.
higher, lower
higher, higher
lower, lower
lower, higher
In which situations less concentrated urine is generated in high volumes?
More water is reabsorbed from the renal fluid into the blood capillary
Less water is reabsorbed from the renal fluid into the blood capillary
Higher concentration of ADH in blood
Lower concentration of ADH in blood
When the glomerulus is damaged, what components have a possibility to be found in the urine?
Erythrocytes
Glucose
Urea
Large protein
Diabetes insipidus 尿崩症 is caused by the failure of ______ secretion
Insulin
ADH
Adrenaline
Thyroxine
Kidney stones are hard masses made of
Uric acid
Urea
Calcium oxalate
Crystalline calcium phosphate
To prevent kidney stones, we are encouraged to
Undergo haemodialysis
Drink soda after vigorous activities
Consume a large amount of mineral salts
Drink a lot of water every day
Haemodialysis 血液透析/洗肾 helps a patient who suffers from a failure of kidneys to
Reabsorb water at the renal tubule and the collecting duct
Decrease the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood
Purify the blood by removing waste products from the blood
Increase urine production
