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Biology Semester II Exam Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 2hrs 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is heterozygous?

a)

MM

b)

Mm

c)

mm

2.

Which of the following is homozygous dominant?

a)

RR

b)

Rr

c)

rr

3.

Which of the following is homozygous recessive?

a)

QQ

b)

Qq

c)

qq

4.

What term denotes the physical expression of a gene?

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

appearance

d)

homologous

5.

Which of the following would produce a recessive phenotype?

a)

hh

b)

Rr

c)

Ww

d)

BB

6.

Which of the these is homozygous?

a)

gg

b)

Yy

c)

Nn

d)

Ee

7.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
8.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
9.
A ________________________ is used to predict the possible genotype from certain parents
a)
Mendel Grid
b)
Genetic Tic Tac Toe
c)
Punnett Square
d)
Pedigree Plot
10.
Heredity is the passing of traits from _____________________ to _____________________
a)
predators to prey
b)
water to rain
c)
parents to offspring
d)
fungi to protists
11.
___________________________ is the field of science that studies of how traits are passed on, or inherited.
a)
dominant traits
b)
ratio
c)
phenotype
d)
genetics
12.
What is a gene?
a)
An entire chromosome that  codes for a trait
b)
a piece of clothing
c)
a piece of a DNA on chromosome that codes for a trait
d)
Chemical messengers in your brain that code for a trait
13.

Which of the following is a genetic trait?

a)

time

b)

temperature

c)

eye color

d)

diet

14.

If brown hair is represented by the allele "B" and blond hair is represented by the allele "b" then what must be the genotype of someone who has blond hair?

a)

BB

b)

bb

c)

Bb

d)

either BB or Bb

15.

What is the biological sex of this individual?

a)

male

b)

female

16.

Approximately how much of an individual's DNA is inherited from their father?

a)

75%

b)

25%

c)

17%

d)

50%

17.

Tay-Sachs disease is a lethal, autosomal recessive genetic disorder. If both parents are heterozygous carriers of the disease, what are the chances of them having a child who is also a heterozygous carrier for Tay-Sachs?

a)

75%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

18.

On what chromosome number is the mutation?

a)

21

b)

18

c)

7

d)

All

19.

If two individuals are homozygous recessive for blue eyes, what is the probability of their offspring having brown eyes?

a)

10%

b)

0%

c)

50%

d)

75%

20.

What is most likely to happen to moth populations in the picture shown?

a)

Light moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

b)

Dark moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

c)

Light moths--hunted easily, light moths--population increase

d)

Lights moths will change their color to match dark moths.

21.

Natural selection occurs during the lifetime of a single organism.

a)

True

b)

False

22.

How do you "win" at natural selection?

a)

survive

b)

go extinct

c)

survive & reproduce

23.

Due to pollution, a pond becomes darker over time. Which trait variation became more common?

a)

light fish

b)

dark fish

24.

According to natural selection, light colored tree trunks would favor

a)

light colored moths

b)

dark colored moths

c)

red colored moths

d)

red and light colored moths

25.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
26.
Definition: adaptation
a)
inherited characteristic that increases chances of survival
b)
organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate
c)
a growing population causes a scarcity of resources
d)
differences in the DNA sequence
27.
Definition: fitness
a)
ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment
b)
organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate
c)
a growing population causes a scarcity of resources
d)
differences in the DNA sequence
28.

The white feathers of a snowy owl allow it to blend in with its environment during the winter months. This is an example of a(n) ________________.

a)

species

b)

environmental change

c)

adaptation

d)

variation

29.

Oldest rocks and ancestors would be deeper in the ground

a)

Speciation

b)

Homologies

c)

Recessive Traits

d)

Fossil Record

30.
These are natural differences within a species.
a)
Evolution
b)
Genetic variation
c)
Biological diversity
d)
Populations
31.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
32.

What type of evidence is shown in the picture above?

a)

Ancestral traits

b)

Embryonic Development

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

Vestigial Structures

33.
What is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis?
a)
Chlorosynthesis
b)
Chlorophyll
c)
ADP
d)
Electron Transport
34.

Which of the following equations represents the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis?

a)

6O2+ 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2

b)

C6H12O6 + 6H2O→ 6O2+ 6O2

c)

6CO2+ 6H2O→ C6H12O6+ 6O2

d)

6O2 + 6H2O→ C6H12O6 + 6CO2

35.

The organic molecule that is the cell's primary form of energy?

a)

Glucose

b)

ATP

c)

ADP

d)

GMP

36.

What are the products of cellular respiration? Choose 3.

a)

water

b)

ATP

c)

Oxygen

d)

Sunlight

e)

Carbon Dioxide

37.

The process in which a cell harvests energy from glucose and makes it into usable energy for the body is called-----

a)

cellular fermentation

b)

anaerobic respiration

c)

aerobic fermentaion

d)

cellular respiration

38.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
39.
The main source of energy for all life comes from ____.
a)
the Earth
b)
the moon
c)
the sun
d)
the food we eat/make
40.

Does the following equation refer to photosynthesis or cellular respiration? glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy

a)

photosynthesis

b)

cellular respiration

41.

Does the following definition describe photosynthesis or cellular respiration?

"The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose"

a)

photosynthesis

b)

cellular respiration

42.

Cellular Respiration's goal is to

a)

make water

b)

make energy

c)

make glucose

d)

make oxygen

43.
What gas is released into the air during cellular respiration?
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water 
d)
glucose
44.

What gas is released into the air during photosynthesis?

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

water

d)

glucose

45.

A variation is . . .

a)

when organisms have camouflage like spots or stripes

b)

an organism from a different dimension

c)

when you order different food than your friend

d)

differences between organisms in the same species

46.

TRUE or FALSE: Mutations are random

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

47.

TRUE OR FALSE: All mutations are bad

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

48.

TRUE or FALSE: Mutations lead to variation.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

49.

TRUE or FALSE: Animals choose how they adapt to their environment.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

50.

When muscles are exercised intensely,

a)

the organism will always begin the process of photosynthesis

b)

lactic acid is produced which may cause a burning sensation

c)

oxygen is no longer needed because cellular respiration has enough ATP

d)

glucose will be produced in excess

51.
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon dioxide
52.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
53.
What is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
a)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O
b)
6CO2 + 6O2 --> C6H12O6  + 6H2O
c)
 6CO2 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + C6H12O6
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O  -->  6O2 + C6H12O6
54.
What do plants need for the photosynthesis process?
a)
a camera and tripod
b)
light, carbon dioxide, and water
c)
roots, flowers, and bees
d)
soil, air, and oxygen
55.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
a)
carbon dioxide and oxygen
b)
water and oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
water and glucose
56.
Plants give off _____ that animals need to take in;  animals give off _____ that plants need to take in.
a)
oxygen; carbon dioxide
b)
nitrogen; oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide; oxygen
d)
helium; nitrogen
57.

A forest fire ignites in the Sam Houston State Forest and kills many members of a population of pigmy rattlesnakes.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

58.

One of the original Amish settlers who founded a new area for them had a rare, genetic disorder which causes short limbs and extra digits. Now, many within the population show this trait.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

59.

What is the difference between genetic drift and natural selection.

a)

Natural Selection causes evolution and Genetic Drift does not.

b)

Natural Selection is not random and Genetic Drift is.

c)

Natural Selection passes on any trait and Genetic Drift passes on specific traits.

d)

Natural Selection happens over a single generation and Genetic Drift happens over multiple generations.

60.

The effect that is produced when an insect carries pollen grains from one population to another is called

a)

gene flow

b)

random mating

c)

mutation

d)

mutation

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