2. People try to learn foreign languages to bridge the gap with the hope of overcoming communication barriers.

3. Different patterns of cultural awareness are significant factors causing cross-cultural perception.

4. It is much possible to avoid cultural conflicts which are often out of a person's consciousness.

5. To be aware of the frequency of miscommunication, one needs to be careful in communicating with someone from a different culture.

6. One should not only be aware of one's own culture, but also have awareness and tolerance of the target cultures.

7. Culture is what animal inherited from their ancestors.

8. Because of the complex nature of individuals, people have to try to think of other people as individuals, not as groups.

9. The valued personality traits differ from culture to culture.

10. People usually have cultivated their personality to follow the negative values of their society.

11. Language is often defined as a tool of communication.

12. The present generation can learn about the older generations without knowing the language.

13. Two important terms in the study of communication concerning cultural learning are enculturation and acculturation.

14. Formal learning is the teaching on how to behave appropriately in social situations or how to successfully survive in the society.

15. Informal learning takes place primarily through verbal channels of communication namely precept and admonition.

16. Technical learning is systematic learning where reasons are given to children.

17. Younger children learn their social norms and values and learn to implement them in a more complicated version.

18. Enculturation takes a few years of repetition that each individual of any culture has to go through.

19. Human beings frequently remember that there are other processes of enculturation which are also good for particular groups of people.

20. Although culture impacts the types of information we process, all human take in, store, and recall information in much the same way.

21. Nationalism is the personal love of one’s religion with appreciation toward everything relating to it.

22. The Japanese are good examples for their nationalism.

23. In Thailand, nationalism has been used by every government, for example, songs to inspire people to love the country were written.

24. When anybody thinks of his race as being the center, it means that no races are less important.

25. Nationalism and ethnocentrism are the outcome of cultural learning or the enculturation process.

26. Ethnocentrism is practiced by people of ethnic groups toward the sub-groups in their societies.

If you intend to communicate with someone from a very different background, you certainly have to do a number of things to get yourself ready.

28. When thinking of the factors to enhance the communication process, consider the three main components of communicative competence - linguistic skills, interaction skills, and cultural conflicts.

29. Linguistic skills are the most obvious tool for communication.

30. Another example to make linguistic competnece clear is to ignore the varieties of language styles that people use within their groups.

31. People living in different cultures have same ways of interacting with each other.

32. The values and norms in each culture give each society its framework of interaction.

33. Each individual growing up in one society automatically learns to interact appropriately with people in the same culture.

34. Skills of interaction with people from different cultures can be learned separately from language and cultural knowledge.

35. Stereotype refers to the assumptions of an individual or a group of people toward other groups of people.

36. In Thailand, there are also stereotypes about different indigenous people who share the same Thai nationality.

37. When people have prejudice and are not aware of it or cannot control it, barriers to cross-cultural communication will occur.

38. Overgeneralization seems to be as harmful as prejudice caused by the intense negative stereotype.

39. The ethnography of communication is the study of the relationship between language and prejudice in communication.

40. Students who have acquired the knowledge of the relationship between language and stereotype will enable them to improve their communication skills.